Geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko: akamanena, tanthauzo ndi kusiyana

Ikani dongosolo Earth wa chilengedwe chonse kuyambira kale anawasamalira anthu anzeru. Pakalibe luso njira kuphunzira molondola zinthu danga ndi chondichitikira chaching'ono cha astrophysics tinalandira kwa mibadwo yapita, sanalole asayansi Greece ndi Zapakati kupanga wathunthu ndi kukonza maganizo a loukitsa Akufa. Komabe, olemba za ziphunzitso zoyambirira Cosmological maziko pa chomwe pambuyo anapanga pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ano. Ndi zofunika kwambiri pa nkhani imeneyi ndi geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko, analimbikitsa mibadwo asayansi ndi anzeru a nthawi zosiyanasiyana kafukufuku watsopano.

Lingaliro geocentrism

dongosolo chilengedwe imene penipeni zapatsidwa kwa dziko. Mu nkhani iyi, Sun imazungulira padziko nguli. Malinga ndi geocentric ntchito dongosolo, koyamba Buku Mfundo komanso inali pa Dziko Lapansi. Nkofunika kudziwa kuti chilengedwe chonse, malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, ndi zochepa. Yankho la funso la amene analenga dongosolo geocentric masiku ano amadziwika ngakhale yofanana angapo mfundo mfundo olemba ochepa. Komabe, woyambitsa wa lingaliro ili linali Klavdiy Ptolemey, amene wafunsira lingaliro la malo chapakati cha Earth m'chilengedwe chonse. Ngati ife kulankhula za kutanthauzira zosiyanasiyana za chiphunzitso chimenechi, kuti Thales, mwachitsanzo, anatchula mfundo thandizo pamaso pa dziko lapansi.

Komanso, pali Mabaibulo kuti Earth ali ndi malo okhazikika kapena ngakhale atembenuza. Komano, ndi geocentric dongosolo la dziko Ptolemy mu mawonekedwe chakale ikukhudza kasinthasintha wa zakuthambo. Makamaka, kafukufuku wake anayamba ndi Khadili ubale wa mwezi, yomwe anasunthira dziko. M'tsogolo, mlembi wa chiphunzitso ndi anazindikira kuti kasinthasintha wa dziko palokha. Likufanana ndi ichi, timaika patsogolo maganizo osiyanasiyana monga mmene Earth amakhala malo ake okhazikika.

zochitika zakuthambo mu dongosolo geocentrism

Kufotokoza kuyenda m'goli wa matupi akumwamba ndi mavuto aakulu a zakuthambo Greek. nzeru zatsopano za zoyenda za mumlengalenga mu excenters osiyana kuunikira pa ubale zakuthambo, koma pa nthawi yomweyo zimabweretsa ntchito ya mtundu wina. Mu chitsanzo ichi geocentric a Ptolemy anali nazo zosiyana ndi chiphunzitso Pythagorean-Plato, malinga ndi zomwe matupi akumwamba anali ochokera kwa Mulungu - choncho, iwo anali kuchita yekha yunifolomu apaulendo. Okhulupirira chiphunzitso iyi chitsanzo chapadera kumene kayendedwe zovuta zinthu akhala kutanthauziridwa monga zotsatira chokhala zimawonjezera kwambiri yunifolomu kasinthasintha wa bwalo. Komabe, mkubwela kwa chiphunzitso cha bisection wa eccentricity mfundo ngati salinso panopa.

Kulungamitsidwa mwa dongosolo geocentric wa chilengedwe chonse

Mwa mavuto zazikulu zimene anakumana ndi otsatira a geocentrism, kuunikila chowaloleza m'malo chapakati cha dziko lapansi ndi kulephera kuyenda ake. Ngati ngakhale wolemba geocentric chitsanzo Klavdiy Ptolemey analankhula onena za mkhalidwe chachiwiri cha chilengedwe ndi ovuta, lingaliro la udindo wa dziko anakhalabe maziko a chiphunzitso. Mmodzi wa kumbali ya lingaliro ili Aristotle, amene ankatsutsana malo chapakati lonse ake kulemera. Malinga ndi maganizo a nthawi, malo achilengedwe kuti matupi katundu akhale yekha pakatikati pa thambo. Kudziwa zimenezi anali anatsindika mfundo yakuti kwambiri kulemera amachititsa zinthu kugwa steeply. Popeza matupi danga yalunjika likulu la dziko, misa Earth m'posavuta udzakhazikitsidwe chimodzimodzi pa mfundo iyi.

Panali ziphunzitso zina kufotokoza malo chapakati lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, Ptolemy amapereka lingaliro la ndikosatheka dziko kutenga malo osiyana m'chilengedwe chonse. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi wosavuta - ndi kusiya Earth kumpoto kapena kum'mwera malo wachibale pakati. Anzeru ayesedwa, kodi kugwa mthunzi wa pa dzuwa ndi kasinthidwe ichi, nafika ku Zimatheka, mu maganizo awo, ndi chimake cha malo lathuli - pakati. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko mu m'tsogolo kumwazikana mu mphamvu ya zinthu kasinthidwe wa chilengedwe chonse.

Geocentricism mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Kuyambira kumayambiriro akale nthawi asayansi anamukwiyira mwakhama kufufuza ndi kukhala Mabaibulo njira ya kasinthidwe izi. Mwachitsanzo, mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, akatswiri European mwathera chidwi concentric muzochitika. Pa nthawi yomweyo anawonekera prerequisites kwa chitsanzo, lomwe linali ndi geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko, osachepera mu zinthu zina. Gululi chotero kuphatikiza ankakhulupirira kuti Earth akadali unali likulu la dziko, ndipo, ndi mwezi ndi dzuwa zokhudza nguli. Pa nthawi yomweyo onse a dziko anali amakhulupirira kuti zimayenda mozungulira dzuwa. amanena ndi mpikisano waukulu linadzaza ndi chiphunzitso heliocentric. Chofunika, ndi mbali zina ziti zomwe osauka geocentricism asayansi ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, mchikakamizo cha nzeru zachilengedwe asayansi ambiri amene ayamba kuphunzira zolengedwa superlunary ndi sublunary. Mwa njira, Aristotle ankakhulupirira kuti miyamba mlingo wofanana wa masiyanidwe, komanso Earth. Anafotokozanso maganizo ndi kumakana kuli zinthu zakuthambo zimangokhala malo.

Kusiyidwa kwa geocentrism

Kukula kwambiri kwa sayansi m'zaka za m'ma XVII. kuloledwa dongosolo chidziwitso ndi kusintha kwa kamvedwe ka chilengedwe chonse. M'nkhaniyi, ife sitikanakhoza azikhala geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko, kuyambira mfundo yachiwiri litakhazi- kwambiri anakhazikitsa anzeru pakati pawo Copernicus ndi Galileo. Pakati pa zochitika zazikulu sayansi kuti achititsa kuti kusiyidwa kwa geocentrism, makamaka chionekera chilengedwe cha chiphunzitso cha zoyenda m'mapulaneti. Major chopereka kupititsa patsogolo zakuthambo ndipo apeza zinthu telescopic ya Galileo, komanso atulukira malamulo Kepler a.

Dziwani kuti geocentricism yaitali anathandiza mpingo. otsatira chipembedzo cha chiphunzitso chimenechi ankakhulupirira kuti dziko lapansi lisanalengedwe mwachindunji mphamvu ya umulungu wa munthu, choncho ndi malo chapakati m'chilengedwe chonse zomveka achilengedwe. Ngakhale thandizo, geocentric chitsanzo cha Copernicus lidzasinthidwa chiphunzitso chatsopano, akana centrality a Dziko Lapansi. More patsogolo telescopic kuzipenya mwamukaniratu tingachipeze powerenga geocentricism ndipo amaika mumsewu njira heliocentrism.

Akamanena za dongosolo heliocentric a dziko

Ngakhale pachimake pa chitukuko cha mfundo izi zinachitika mu Kubadwa Kwatsopano, mizu yake unachokera mu Greece wakale. mfundo ndi yakuti mu nthawi ya Ptolemy anali wokongola kwambiri mfundo geocentrism, idzakuphimba heliocentrism. Pang'onopang'ono, zinthu zasintha kulola mbali ndi mfundo zina za view kukhazikitsa kaonedwe ake. Panali dongosolo mu sukulu Pythagorean. Malinga ndi olemba a dongosolo heliocentric a dziko, Philolaus wa Croton, Dzikoli si losiyana kwa mapulaneti ena, ndi zikuzungulirira chinthu chachinsinsi, koma osati dzuwa. Kenako mfundo imeneyi anali angwiro mwa anzeru ena, ndi nthawi ya chiphunzitso Kubadwa Kwatsopano a mbali anazindikira kuti dzuwa ndi lolamulila ndi dziko lapansi chimazungulira izo. Kenako, dongosolo Copernican anayamba kupanga imene dziko zopangidwa yunifolomu zozungulira kuyenda.

Kuyerekezera machitidwe geocentric ndi heliocentric a dziko

Kwa nthawi yaitali mbali mwa mfundo ziwiri sangafikire pangano pa mbali zosiyanasiyana ofunika. chakuti ziphunzitso zonse ndi yofanana ambiri anasintha ndi bwino, koma mfundo akhale okhazikika. Kusiyana waukulu pakati pa machitidwe geocentric ndi heliocentric wa dziko kusanduka malo dziko lapansi mu chilengedwe ndi ubale wake ndi dzuwa. Gululi mfundo koyamba kuti dziko ali ndi malo chapakati. Mosiyana, geocentricism zikusonyeza kuti Earth chimazungulira dzuwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutembenuka nguli.

Development wa heliocentrism Kepler

Chiphunzitso kuchokera chiphunzitso chake choyamba zasintha kwambiri kutha kwa zaka za m'ma XVI. Tikhoza kunena kuti mlengi wa dongosolo heliocentric wa dziko mu pafupifupi kumvetsa masiku a mawonekedwe - ndi Iogann Kepler, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko ya zakuthambo. Ngakhale pa maphunziro ake anazindikira kufunika kufotokoza kayendedwe zovuta ya mapulaneti. Mu m'tsogolo, kukhazikitsa mphamvu kuwerengera lonse dongosolo mapulaneti mothandizidwa ndi deta taona.

A sayansi anakonza ndi Kepler, n'zotheka kudziwa kayendedwe ka mapulaneti mu ellipse ndi, kanjira cha kubwera kwa lingaliro, komanso ngati chowaloleza malamulo atsopano, amene kudziwa malo a Dziko Lapansi wachibale kwa dzuwa. Kumene, woyambitsa Pythagorean a dongosolo heliocentric a dziko, zambiri sankaganiza mmene mfundo wake akhoza kuphunzira. Koma n'zotheka kulimbikitsa anthu anzeru wakale lingaliro kwa nyengo molondola kwambiri.

Heliocentrism chikoka pa chitukuko cha sayansi

Extension ya chiphunzitso chinachititsa kuti a sayansi ndi zimango. chakuti asayansi wochititsa kafukufuku m'malo amenewa anali funso lofunika - chifukwa kayendedwe ka dziko sadamve ndi anthu? Yankho anali relativity za kayendedwe. Geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko m'njira zambiri amaimira zotsatira yokoka. Mbali yoyamba, chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi muzochitika Mathithiŵa, ndipo pa maziko a chiphunzitso heliocentric patapita anakonza lamulo la relativity, komanso mfundo za inertia. Pamaziko a chidziwitso cha izi, asayansi apanga njira ambiri mwa amene anatsimikiza pafupifupi mavuto onse zimango.

Kufunika kwa dongosolo heliocentric a dziko

Mu ndondomeko ya kuthetsa mavuto, zomwe panthawi zosiyanasiyana kuika mfundo heliocentric wa chilengedwe chonse, asayansi akwanitsa kupanga mfundo imene dongosolo mapulaneti zoti. Kuchokera pa maphunziro awa anali mapulaneti zoyenda, zimene pamapeto, motsogoleredwa chitukuko cha sayansi. Tikhoza kunena kuti otsatira a chiphunzitso chimenechi anaika maziko a zimango mu mawonekedwe ake odziwika. Koma zochititsa chidwi kwambiri yankho la funso la chimene chiri tanthauzo la dongosolo heliocentric wa dziko mawu a zakuthambo. Choyamba, dongosolo lakusonkhezerani kafukufuku m'munda wa akatswiri Nyenyezi, amene amaloledwa kutsegula malo atsopano wa chilengedwe chonse. Komanso, chifukwa mikangano heliocentrism anali amasiyana sayansi ndi chipembedzo.

Pomaliza

Ngakhale patsogolo ndithu njira zamakono za kufufuza malo, ngakhale lero, sitileka mtsutso za malo Earth ku chilengedwe chonse, chomwe bwanji geocentric ndi heliocentric dongosolo la dziko. Dzuwa, monga kale, ali mmodzi wa cornerstones mu zokambirana za mtunduwu. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri chilengedwe asayansi amavomereza kuti yankho lachindunji mwamtheradi mafunso okhudza mfundo zina zabwino za kasinthasintha wa dziko lapansi panthawi imeneyi ikuyendera limodzi sangapereke. Pankhani udindo chapakati m'chilengedwe chonse, ndipo si zonse zili bwino. Chakuti, mu osawerengeka a danga, imene mukhoza kutengedwa ngati pakati, kotero chigonjetso lathunthu la chiphunzitso heliocentric wa geocentrism sangalankhule.