Zinthu biologically yogwira

zinthu biologically yogwira (chidule - anatsalira) - wapadera mankhwala zinthu zomwe likhale pa ndende otsika zochitika mkulu magulu akutiakuti a zamoyo (anthu, zomera, nyama, bowa) kapena magulu akutiakuti maselo. Anatsalira ntchito mankhwala ndi monga kupewa matenda, ndiponso kukhalabe ntchito zonse.

Biologically yogwira ndi:

1. alkaloids - nitrogenous mankhwala a organic chikhalidwe. Tinganene, masamba. Ndi katundu zofunika. Insoluble m'madzi, acid ndi kupanga salt zosiyanasiyana. Adzalandira ntchito zabwino zokhudza thupi. Pa mlingo waukulu - ndi ziphe wamphamvu ang'onoang'ono - mankhwala (mankhwala "atropine", "papaverine", "Mankhwala a ephedrine").

2. Mavitamini - gulu lapadera la mankhwala organic wotithandiza kuti zinyama ndi anthu a kagayidwe wabwino ndi moyo wokwanitsidwa. mavitamini ambiri amatanganidwa mapangidwe michere zofunika kuti ziletsa kapena imathandizira pa ntchito za machitidwe ena enzyme. Komanso mavitamini ntchito ngati zina biologically yogwira chakudya (m'gulu zikuchokera awo). Mavitamini ingested ndi chakudya, pamene ena amapangidwa ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono m'matumbo, ndi ena - ndizo zotsatira za kaphatikizidwe wa zinthu mafuta ngati mchikakamizo cha ultraviolet. vitamini akusowa kungachititse kuti matenda osiyanasiyana mu kagayidwe. The matenda, amene anayambitsa chifukwa cha kudya otsika a mavitamini m'thupi, wotchedwa beriberi. Sangathe - ndi kuperewera kwa mavitamini, koma kwambiri ndalama - hypervitaminosis.

3. glycosides - mankhwala a chilengedwe organic. Iwo ali zosiyanasiyana zotsatira. glycosides mamolekyulu ndi zigawo ziwiri zazikulu: nesaharistoy (a aglycone kapena genin) ndi zotsekemera (glucones). Mu mankhwala ntchito zochizira mtima ndi matenda mtima monga antimicrobial ndi expectorant. glycosides komanso kuthetsa kutopa m'maganizo ndi m'thupi, mankhwala thirakiti mkodzo, kuletsa chapakati mantha dongosolo, bwino chimbudzi ndi kuonjezera kudya.

4. Glikolalkaloidy - bioactive zinthu zokhudzana glycosides. Kwa iwo mukhoza kupeza mankhwala zotsatirazi: "Cortisone", "Hydrocortisone" ndi ena.

5. The tannins (dzina lina - utoto) amatha precipitate mapuloteni, ntchofu, zinthu zomatira, alkaloids. Chifukwa cha zimenezi ndi zosagwirizana ndi zinthu zimenezi mankhwala. Popeza mapuloteni iwo apanga albuminates (antiinflammatory wothandizila).

6. Chimachita mafuta ophikira - ndi esters zidulo mafuta kapena mowa trihydric. Ena zidulo mafuta ali nawo kagayidwe, imathandizira pa excretion wa mafuta m'thupi kwa thupi.

7. Coumarins - chinthu biologically yogwira, zomwe ndi zochokera coumarin ndi isocoumarin. Mu gulu lomweli monga piranokumariny ndi furokumariny. Ena coumarins adzalandira kanthu spasmolytic, ena Onetsani kapillyaroukreplyayuschim. Pali komanso coumarins anthelminthic, diuretic, curare, antimicrobial, analgesic ndi zochita zina.

8. kufufuza zinthu, mavitamini ndi monga, zapadera kwa biologically yogwira zowonjezera chakudya. Ali mbali ya mavitamini, mahomoni, inki, michere, mankhwala mawonekedwe mankhwala ndi mapuloteni kudziunjikira mu zimakhala ndi ziwalo, endocrine zopangitsa. Pakuti anthu ofunika zotsatirazi kufufuza zinthu: boron, faifi tambala, nthaka, cobalt, molybdenum, kutsogolera fluorine, selenium, mkuwa, manganese.

Palinso ena zinthu biologically yogwira: zidulo Organic (ndi loopsali ndipo sanali oyaka), pectin, inki (dzina lina - chekeni wothandizila), steroids carotenoids, flavonoids, oyaka, ecdysones, mafuta n'kofunika.