Gnedich ndakatulo Nikolai Ivanovich: yonena, zilandiridwenso ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - ndakatulo ndi wolemba, amene ankakhala m'dziko kumayambiriro kwa 18-19 zaka TH. Amadziwika kuti Baibulo lake mu Russian la Homer "Iliad", njirayi wakhala Buku m'njira yake. Za moyo ndi tsogolo la ntchito ndakatulo ndi, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich: MBIRI. ubwana

Wolemba tsogolo anabadwa mu Poltava, February 2, 1784. Makolo ake anachokera kuti mabanja akale olemekezeka, pafupifupi kwadzaoneni ndi nthawi. Nicholas Little mayi ake anamwalira, kenako pafupifupi anataya moyo wake - nthomba m'masiku amenewo anali matenda zoopsa. Kuti matenda maonekedwe owonongeka nkhope Gnedich ndikumuvula maso ake.

Mu 1793, mnyamatayo azikaphunzira mu Poltava Theological Seminary. Patapita zaka zisanu, sukulu chatsimikizidwa kusuntha pamodzi ndi ophunzira mu Novomyrhorod ku Poltava. Koma Ivan Petrovich, bambo Gnedich, anatenga mwana wake ku sukulu, adatuma kwa Kharkiv Collegium. Masiku amenewo, bungwe ili ankaona zapamwamba kwambiri Chiyukireniya sukulu. Collegium ndakatulo m'tsogolo maphunziro mu 1800, anasamukira ku kukhazikikamo mu Moscow.

Apa pamodzi ndi mnzake wakale Alexei Yunoshevskim anatenga ochitira masewera a University Moscow monga boarders. Koma patangopita miyezi yochepa, monga mnyamata unasamutsidwa kwa wophunzira pa mkhalidwe wa Philosophy, amene anamaliza mu 1802 chaka waluntha.

buku loyamba

Mu zaka yunivesite Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich anakhala kucheza ndi a Friendly zolembalemba Society, zimene zinaphatikizapo A. Turgenev, Alexander Merzlyakov, A. Kaisarov. Monga ndakatulo kucheza ndi Wolemba wina N. Sandunova. Masiku amenewo, mnyamata ndi chidwi tiranoborcheskimi malingaliro, amatamanda Schiller.

1802 zinali zodzaza zoyambirira Gnedich mwambo wosangalatsawu - nthawi yoyamba yomasulira imafalitsidwa. Zinali tsoka, "Abyufar", linalembedwa ndi ku France Jean Dyusisom. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kuwala lasindikizidwa ntchito yoyambirira ya wolemba - ". Maurice, kapena anthu a kubwezera" buku Patapita chaka chimodzi, pali awiri okha kumasulira Schiller - buku "Don Corrado de A Guerrero" ndi tsoka "Mwandichitira chiwembu Fiesco."

Koma ndalamazo, ngakhale kuti anayamba kusindikiza, komabe si kokwanira, choncho kukonzekera kupitiriza maphunziro awo kusiya. Mu 1802, wolemba ndakatulo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Apa iye afika nduna ya Public Dipatimenti Education. Malowa Gnedich amakhonza kugwira mpaka 1817.

Onse yopuma wolemba wake amapereka maphunziro mu zisudzo ndi mabuku. Mu munda iye anakwaniritsa bwino ndithu, ndipo anapanga womdziwa ya Pushkin, Krylov, Zhukovsky, Derzhavin ndi ena Decembrists m'tsogolo.

ofesi

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich msanga wabweza kudziwika ndakatulo kwambiri komanso womasulira. kutchuka Izi zinkathandiza pamaso pake kunyumba, ndipo ambiri udindo wapamwamba olemekezeka a St. Petersburg, kuphatikizapo Stroganov ndi Olenin. Chifukwa cha zothandizira mipingo yawo ya anthu wolemba mu 1811, membala wa Academy, kenako anaikidwa mabuku ya mfumu Library Public, kumene anali kupita dipatimenti ya mabuku Greek.

abwenzi posachedwa Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich pafupi ndi venison. Ogwirizana ndi chidwi wamba mu zisudzo ndi dziko wakale. Izi kunasintha kwambiri zinthu ndi boma malo a ndakatulo iyi.

Koposa zonse mu zaka izi wolemba amaganiziranso nthawi ntchito laibulale. Ndi 1819 kunali m'ndandanda onse a mabuku amene adali dipatimenti wake, ndipo analemba nawo mawu wapadera. Komanso, Gnedich pafupipafupi wokamba pa zopereka laibulale.

buku zosonkhanitsira

Mu moyo, iye anali zilizonse ndi ingenuous Gnedich Ni yonena za wolemba limanena kuti chilakolako chake chokha mabuku ndi mabuku. Woyamba anathandizanso mutu wa academician ndi udindo wa State milandu. Monga mabuku, ndi Gnedich pamodzi chopereka cha munthu pafupifupi 1.250 mabuku osowa ndi zina wapadera. Pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo iyi, onsewo anasamukira Poltava zolimbitsa thupi yofunika. Zitasintha, mabuku anali mu laibulale ya Poltava, ndipo ena mwa iwo analimbikitsidwa Kharkov.

Mu 1826 Gnedich anali kupereka mutu wa Lolingana M'Bungwe St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Pano anamasulira ntchito za Voltaire, Schiller, Shakespeare.

Matenda ndi imfa

Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich - ndakatulo wokongola ndipo mpake ofunika ngakhale anthu a m'nthawi yake. Koma si zonse mu moyo wake duwa. Matenda, yomwe inayamba ngati mwana, sanamusiye. Wolemba anapita kangapo kuchitiridwa mu Caucasus, ndi wotchuka chifukwa madzi mchere. Koma amathandiza okha kwa kanthawi. Ndipo mu 1830, matenda anakula ndi mphamvu zatsopano, komanso nawo koma ndi zilonda zapakhosi. Chithandizo mu Moscow madzi mchere yokumba analibe chochita. Ngakhale ukupeza, mu 1832 wolemba ndakatulo anatha kukonza ndi kufalitsa chopereka "ndakatulo".

Mu 1833 wolemba ali chimfine. Chinafoka mthupi sangaime matenda atsopano, ndi February 3, 1833 wolemba ndakatulo afa zaka 49. Mu mbiri mwachidule ikutha. Gnedich Nicholas anaikidwa St. Petersburg Tikhvin manda. Mu ulendo wake omaliza limodzi Pushkin, Krylov, Vyazemsky, Olenin, Pletnev ndi ena otchuka kanjedza mabuku a nthawi.

chilengedwe

Pa mtima mawu wolemba nthawizonse wakhala ali ndi lingaliro la dziko. Gnedich Nikolay Ivanovich anafuna kusonyeza yabwino ufulu zogwirizana ndi ntchito. ngwazi wake anali nthawi zonse chilakolako ndi ufulu. Izi ndi zimene zinachititsa chidwi chachikulu kwa ndakatulo Shakespeare, Ossian ndi luso lakalekale ambiri.

otchulidwa Homer anaoneka Gnedich chimake cha anthu amunamuna ndi kufanana banjalo. ntchito wotchuka kwambiri anakhala "Asodzi", imene wolemba limodzi ndi Russian folklore ndi kalembedwe Homeric. Nzosadabwitsa idyll izi imatengedwa zabwino pachiyambi chilengedwe Gnedich. Ngakhale Pushkin mu mawu a m'munsi kwa awo "Evgeniyu Oneginu" anabwereza chingwe mankhwala, mu kufotokoza makamaka Petersburg woyera usiku.

Mwa ntchito za wolemba ndi kupereka zotsatirazi:

• "Kukongola kwa Ossian."
• "Kogona".
• "Peru kwa Msipanishi."
• "Kuti Bwenzi".
• "Pa manda a mayi."

"Iliad"

Mu 1807, anayamba kusandulika kwa "Iliad" Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. ndakatulo analembedwa mu hexameters, amene anali pafupi ndi wapachiyambi. Komanso, anali woyamba Russian ndime lomasuliridwa Homer. ntchito inatenga zaka zoposa 20, ndipo mu 1829, lomasuliridwa chathunthu lofalitsidwa. Labor anali wamkulu yamakolo ndi ndakatulo phindu. Pushkin kuti "mkulu feat."

Zokhala cha kusinthika anabwera Gnedich ngakhale ana aang'ono, pamene kuwerenga ntchito za Homer. Pamaso pake, chidachitika ndi olemba ambiri otchuka, kuphatikizapo Lomonosov Trediakovskii. Koma sadayeserepo zinalephereka. Izi zilili wapereka kutengerapo Gnedich kwambiri kulemera ndi tanthauzo.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Ndinali wokongola chodabwitsa Gnedich Nikolai Ivanovich. Mwachidule yonena za wolemba mungakhale yokha ya zochitika chidwi chimene chinachitika kwa iye:

• Olenin kamodzi anayambitsa Gnedich monga wotchuka kwambiri wotanthauzira mu salons wa Grand Duchess Catherine ndi Mfumukazi Maria Feodorovna. Ankadziwa regal anakhala zoopsa kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Ndiyamika ake kuthandiza wolemba anapatsidwa moyo penshioni, kotero kuti aike nthawi yake yonse yomasulira "Iliad."
• Gnedich anali woyamba amene anayamba kufalitsa ndakatulo wamng'ono ndi osadziwika Pushkin.
• Wolemba anali kupereka mendulo ziwiri ntchito yake zolembalemba - Vladimir IV digirii ndi digiri Anna II.

Today, aliyense schoolchild amadziwa amene anali Nicholas Gnedich ndi chopereka anamupanga mabuku Russian. Komabe, dzina lake lili kwa zaka zambiri, ndi "Iliad" Baibulo chimaonedwabe wosagonjetseka.