Wolemba ndakatulo Dzhordzh Bayron: yonena ndi ntchito

Dzhordzh Bayron, chithunzi ndi mbiri yomwe idzatuluke mu nkhani iyi, ndi mpake ankaona lalikulu English ndakatulo. Zaka za moyo wake - 1788-1824. Ndi nyengo ya Romanticism ndi inextricably zogwirizana zilandiridwenso George Byron. Onani kuti Romanticism adanyamuka malemu 18 - m'ma 19 kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Zotsatira zaluso anatuluka chifukwa cha French kuukira boma ndi Choonadi, kugwirizana nazo.

romanticism Byron

Anthu amene ayesa ndikuganiza pang'onopang'ono, anali wosasangalala ndi zotsatira za zisinthe. Komanso, ayankhe mfundo wakhala kumatheka. Romance chifukwa cha kugawanika ili m'magulu awiri otsutsa. Ena anaitana anthu kuti abwerere ku njira ya makolo akale a moyo, miyambo ya Ages Middle, kusiya njira ya mavuto mwamsanga. Ena anaitana kupitiriza nkhani ya French kuukira boma. Iwo anafuna kuti zolinga za ufulu, ufulu wofanana ndi fraternity. Dzhordzh Bayron anagwirizana kwa iwo. Ikuchitika ndi British mfundo za boma la atsamunda, iye zikuchepa kudzudzulidwa. Byron anatsutsana kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo odana ndi anthu komanso wopondereza. Izi anachimwitsa kusakhutira kwambiri ndi boma.

Moyo mu ukapolo

Mu 1816, wolemba ndakatulo anayamba ndi kampeni ankhanza. Iye ankayenera kuti kalekale kusiya England kwawo. Ukapolo m'dziko lachilendo nawo mbali pa kulimbana kwa Greek ndi Chitaliyana Carbonari opandukawo ufulu. Amadziwika kuti A. Pushkin ankaona namatetule wa ndakatulo-kupanduka. The England anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa Decembrists. Belinsky, yotamandika kwambiri Russian wotsutsa, komanso sanali pochitika chidwi. About Byron analankhula wolemba ndakatulo, amene anapanga zopereka kwambiri mabuku dziko. Kodi mukufuna kumudziwa bwino? Ife amati kuwerenga nkhani yonena mwatsatanetsatane Byron.

Origin Byron

Iye anabadwa mu London pa January 22, 1788 magwero ake anali mkulu kwa atate ndi mbali mayi. Ndipo Dzhon Bayron, ndi Ketrin Gordon anabwera kuchokera apamwamba apamwamba. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo zapita ubwana pa umphawi wadzaoneni.

chakuti Dzhon Bayron, kapitawo alonda (onani chithunzi pamwambapa), ankakhala moyo zapamwamba kwambiri. The bambo a ndakatulo iyi anamwaza mu nthawi yochepa mayiko awiri akuluakulu amene anali kumulondola kuchokera woyamba ndi ku mkazi wachiwiri, mayi ake a mnyamatayu. ukwati woyamba Yohane anali mwana wa Augustus. Iye anakula agogo anga, ndipo okha 1804 anayamba ubwenzi wake ndi stepbrother.

wakhanda

Makolo atangobadwa a George omwazika. Bambo anapita ku France ndipo anafera pomwepo. Mu mzinda Scottish wa Aberdeen chinachitika kuchiyambi ubwana wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo. Apa iye anaphunzira ku sukulu ya galamala. Kumapeto kwa mawu kalasi yachitatu anachokera England chachikulu chomwe amalume George anafa. Choncho Byron analandira udindo wa Ambuye anagwidwa ndi Newstead Abbey - patrimony ili Nottingham County.

Ndipo Nyumbayi ndi malo anali ziyambe kukonzedwa. Ndalama kubwezeretsedwa sikokwanira. Choncho, mayi wa George Byron anaganiza kubwereka Newstead Abbey. Mkaziyo pamodzi ndi mwana wake anakakhala Southwell pafupi.

Kuti ndimitambo ubwana ndi unyamata wake Byron?

Childhood ndi unyamata Byron ndimitambo osati kusowa kwa ndalama. chakuti George wopunduka chibadwire. Madokotala anatulukira makina osiyanasiyana kupirira limp, koma sanali pochitika. Amadziwika kuti mayi Byron anali wosakhazikika khalidwe. Iye kunyozedwa mwana mu pokangana kuti ndi chilema thupi kuti chachititsa mavuto kwambiri mnyamata.

Maphunziro Harrow

George mu 1801, anayamba sukulu yogonera komweko mu Harrow. Bukuli linapangidwa kuti ana a m'banja lachifumu. Apa ife wokonzedwera kwa akazembe tsogolo ndi andale. Robert Peel, amene anadzakhala mtumiki mkati ndipo kenako nduna yaikulu ya England, anaphunzira m'kalasi lomwelo woterowo ndakatulo kwambiri George Gordon Byron. Wambiri ya ngwazi athu amapita pa zochitika mu moyo wake.

chikondi choyamba

Nditakwanitsa zaka 15, mu 1803, Byron chibwenzi ndi Mariya Chavort. Izi zinachitika pa maholide. Iye anali wamkulu kuposa George kwa zaka 2. Pamodzi, iwo amakhala nthawi yaitali. Komabe, ubwenzi umenewu sanali kuthetsa ukwati. Chikondi cha Mariya zaka adzazunzidwa chikondi moyo wa ndakatulo Dzhordzh Gordon Byron. Mwachidule yonena likupitiriza kufotokoza wophunzira ake zaka, George.

studentship

Mnyamata 1805 iye anayamba kuphunzira pa yunivesite ya Cambridge. Nthawi maphunziro inali nthawi zoipa, zosangalatsa ndiponso zosangalatsa. Komanso, George ankakonda masewera. Iye ankachita nawo masewera, kusambira, kuchinga, kukwera mahatchi. Iye anadzakhala mmodzi wa osambira bwino mu England Dzhordzh Bayron. Zosangalatsa za iye, sichoncho? Pa nthawi yomweyo, anali ndi chidwi kuwerenga. Posakhalitsa anthu anayamba kuona kuti Byron phenomenal kukumbukira. Iye anali wokhoza kuti kuloweza malemba a tsamba lonse.

Zotolera loyamba la ndakatulo

Mnyamata lofalitsidwa m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo, adakali wophunzira, mu 1806. Iye anaitana m'buku lake "Mwalirani zina zachidule." Patapita chaka chimodzi panali m'chigawo chachiwiri cha "ndakatulo kangapo" ndi wachitatu - ". Maola ongokhala"

"Bards British," Dzhordzh Bayron

Mwachidule mbiri ndi anayambitsanso owerenga mavuto anakumana zimenezi mpaka ulendo moyo wake. Makamaka mu magazini "Edinburgh Review" mu 1808 anamuonekera review anonymous. Ndi chifundo kusekedwa ntchito osadziwika ya Byron. Iye analemba kuti sanali chinenero cha mabuku ndipo anamulangiza kuphunzitsa ndakatulo, osati kufalitsa ndime zosamveka. Dzhordzh Bayron poyankha, inakhazikitsa mu 1809 ndakatulo "The bards British." mankhwala anali bwino yaikulu. Ndakatulo anatsutsana Mabaibulo anayi.

The zaka ziwiri ulendo kuti wapanga Dzhordzh Bayron

Mwachidule yonena za ulendo wake amalembedwa zaka ziwiri zimene Byron anapita mpaka ku mapeto a 1809 anamaliza pa nthawi ndakatulo wotchedwa "Mu mapazi a Horace", ndipo analenga zolemba ndakatulo kuyenda. Travel zinakhudza kwambiri chitukuko cha zilandiridwenso ndi mphatso ndakatulo ya Byron. ulendo wake anayamba ndi Portugal, kenako George anapita ku chilumba cha Malta, Spain, Albania, Greece, Constantinople. M'chaka cha 1811 Byron anabwerera ku England. Apa atamva kuti mayi wake anali kudwala kwambiri. Komabe, George kupeza moyo wake.

"Childe Harold Haji"

George anapuma ku Newstead ndipo anayamba kugwira ntchito pa ndakatulo ake atsopano, amene amatchedwa "Childe Harold ulendo." Komabe, pamene ntchitoyi inamalizidwa, mkonzi Murray atapereka lamulo kuti kukusalani ku mawu a ndakatulo, za chikhalidwe ndale. Dzhordzh Bayron, amene yonena umboni chikondi ufulu anakana redo ntchito.

Chifanizo cha Childe Harold Byron ophatikizapo zinthu ngwazi watsopano, amene kumatsutsana maganizo kwakukulu ndi makhalidwe ndi anthu. Kufunika kwa njira imeneyi anaonetsetsa bwino ndakatuloyi. Yatembenuzidwa mu pafupifupi amanenendwe onse a dziko. Posachedwa dzina la Childe Harold wakhala mawu banja. Zimatanthauza anakhumudwa ndi munthu lonse, amene zionetsero Ndipotu, osagwirizana iye.

Ntchito mu Nyumba ya Ambuye

Iye anaganiza kuteteza udindo wake, osati mu ndime. Dzhordzh Bayron posachedwapa anatenga mpando Nyumba ya Ambuye, amene anagwa pa ndakatulo tinatengera. Mu England pa nthawi kuti anali wotchuka kwambiri ludditskoe Movement, ndi ku zionetsero potsutsana weavers ndi kuluka makina anaonekera. chakuti zokha ntchito ya ambiri a iwo opanda ntchito. Ndipo amene anakwanitsa kufika izo kwambiri utachepa malipiro. Anthu adaona muzu wa zoyipa mu nsalu ndipo anayamba kuwononga iwo.

boma anaganiza pochitika lamulo, chimene amene akuwononga makina anali kuti aphedwe. Byron anapanga kulankhula mu Nyumba ya Malamulo kuti zionetsero potsutsana bilu ngati woipa mtima. George anati boma anafuna kuteteza zofuna za nzika za, ndi monopolists osati owerengeka. Komabe, ngakhale zionetsero wake, lamulo anavomerezedwa mu February 1812

Pali anayamba mantha ndi weavers, amene anayamba kutsutsa kwa imfa, ukapolo ku ukapolo, m'ndende. Byron Sichinatsitsidwe anakhalabe kucheza ndi zinthu zimenezi, ndipo lofalitsidwa ode wake kukwiya, zomwe poyera Olemba lamulo. Ine analemba kuti Dzhordzh Bayron ali mu zaka zimenezi? A mndandanda wa ndakatulo chikondi anachokera cholembera chake. Tiuzeni mwachidule za iwo.

"East ndakatulo"

Dzhordzh Bayron mu 1813 analenga mndandanda wa ndakatulo chikondi. Mu 1813, panali "Giaour" ndi "Mkwatibwi wa Abydos," mu 1814 - "Lara" ndi "Le Corsaire", mu 1816 - "The kulanda mzinda wa Korinto." Mu mabuku iwo amatchedwa "East ndakatulo."

A ukwati analephera

English ndakatulo Dzhordzh Bayron mu January 1815 anakwatira Annabella Milbenk. Mtsikana ameneyu anabwera kuchokera lolemera banja banjalo. Mkazi Byron ankatsutsa ntchito yake yolalikira, zosemphana ndi mlingo boma. Banja chifukwa cha kukangana linalake.

Banjalo mu December 1815 anali ndi mwana wamkazi yemwe anali Adoy Avgustoy. Ndipo mu January 1816, mkazi wake anasiya Byron popanda kufotokoza. makolo ake yomweyo anayambitsa maukwati. Byron pa nthawi ino analenga ntchito zina wodzipereka kwa Napoleon, amene ponena kuti, kumenya nkhondo Bonaparte, England anatulutsa anthu ake m'mavuto.

Byron kumanzere England

Chilekano ndi "cholakwika" maganizo zandale kunachititsa kuti wolemba ndakatulo anayamba baiting. Nyuzipepala mpweya umenewu, womwe kumuyalutsa pati kuti Byron sanangokhala kupita msewu. Anachoka kwawo April 26, 1816 ndipo sanabwerere ku England. Ndakatulo yomaliza olembedwa m'mayiko awo omwewo, anali "mawu kwa Augusta" anadzipereka kwa theka mlongo wa Byron, amene anali thandizo kwa iye nthawi yonseyi ndipo anathandiza mu George mzimu kulenga.

Swiss nthawi

Choyamba, Byron anafuna kukhala France, ndipo kenako mu Italy. Komabe, akuluakulu a French unkamuletsa akukhala m'mizinda, ndi kulola monga galimoto dziko. Choncho, George anapita ku Switzerland. Anakakhala ku Nyanja Geneva, ndi Villa Diodati. Mu Switzerland, anakumana ndi anakhala mabwenzi Shelley. nthawi yogona m'dziko - kuchokera May kwa October 1816 Panthawi imeneyi zinalengedwa ndakatulo "Mdima", "Dream", "wamndende wa Chillon". Komanso, Byron anayamba kulemba ndakatulo wina "Manfred" ndipo analenga canto wachitatu "Childe Harold." Kenako anapita ku Venice.

Ankadziwa Guiccioli nawo mu gulu la Carbonari

Apa anadziwa ndi wotchuka Guiccioli imene Byron chibwenzi. mkazi anali atakwatiwa, koma iye anati wolemba ndakatulo pobwezera. Komabe, wotchuka posachedwa anapita Ravenna ndi mwamuna wake.

Choncho ndinaganiza zopita pambuyo chibwenzi chake ku Ravenna. Izi zinachitika mu 1819. Apa iye anali wakhama mu gulu la Carbonari, amene 1821 anayamba kukonzekera chiwembu cha. Komabe, sanabadwe inayamba, chifukwa mamembala ena a gulu anali oukira.

Kusamukira ku Pisa

Mu 1821 Dzhordzh Gordon anasamukira ku Pisa. Apa iye anakhala ndi wotchuka Guiccioli, kale linatha. Shelley komanso ankakhala mumzinda, koma mu chaka cha 1822 iye anamira. Byron kuchokera 1821 mpaka 1823 analenga ntchito zotsatirazi: "Marino Faliero", "Sardanapalus", "The awiri Foscari," "Zakumwamba ndi Dziko Lapansi", "Kaini", "Werner". Komanso, anayamba sewero lake lotchedwa "Kusinthidwa freak", amene anatsalira yosatha.

Byron analenga wotchuka "Don Giovanni" mu nthawi kuchokera 1818 mpaka 1823. ntchito chachikulu ichi Komabe, zinachoka yosatha. George kaye ntchito yake kuti nawo pomenyera ufulu wa anthu Greek.

Kutenga pomenyera ufulu wa anthu Greek

Byron chaka cha 1822 anasamukira ku Genoa, kenako anachoka Missolongi (mu December 1823). Komabe, mu Greece, komanso pakati pa Chitaliyana Carbonari, kupanda mgwirizano pakati opandukawo unkachitika. Byron anakhala zambiri kuyesayesa apeze opandukawo. George nthawi yayikulu gulu ntchito, kuyesera kulenga khamu umodzi kupanduka. yomangika kwambiri panthawi imeneyo anali moyo ndakatulo a. Komanso, iye anali ndi ozizira. Byron analemba pa tsiku la kubadwa kwake 36 ndakatulo, amatchedwa "Lero, ndinali ndi zaka 36."

Imfa ya Byron

Iye anakhumudwa kwambiri chifukwa cha matenda a Ada, mwana wake wamkazi. Komabe, posakhalitsa Byron kalata ndi uthenga umene iye anachira. George kukondwerera, wokwera kavalo wake ndipo anapita kokayenda. Komabe, mvula inayamba, omwe anakhala chakupha ndakatulo ozizira. moyo George Byron anali anafupikitsa April 19, 1824.

Byron anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mabuku dziko kwa zaka za m'ma 19. Panalinso lonse latsopano azimuth lotchedwa "Byronism" amene amasonyeza ntchito za Lermontov ndi Pushkin. Koma Ulaya, makhalidwe a ndakatulo anamvera Genrih Geyne, Viktor Gyugo Adamu Mitskevich. Komanso, ndakatulo Byron a anapanga maziko a nyimbo ntchito Roberta Shumana, Hector Berlioz ndi Petra Chaykovskogo. Lero, mu mabuku pali zotsatira za chotero ndakatulo George Byron. Wambiri ndi zilandiridwenso chidwi ake ofufuza ambiri.