Green-Vermillion index. m'kamwa ukhondo index. Matenda Kupenda pa mano a

Kodi mukudziwa mmene kuyeretsa lilime lako bwino? Ngati mufuna kukhala kumwetulira zonyezimira, muyenera kuphunzira kusamalira M'mimbamo ake m'kamwa. Tsopano tidzayesetsa kukuphunzitsani izi.

ukhondo index

Ukhondo Index of Green-Vermillion limakupatsani amanena mtengo wa tartar ndi zolengeza payokha. Kudziwa phunziro ili mano asanu 31, 11, 16, 26 - vestibular ndege, ndi 36, 46 - lingual. Zolengeza akhoza ayesedwa ndi njira ankaudaya ( "Magenta", Schiller Pisareva "Erythrosin") kapena zowoneka.

The zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi muyezo wa zolengeza mano :

• 0 - palibe layering;
• 1 - zofewa zolengeza kuphimba osachepera 1/3 dzino ndege, kapena kukhalapo kwa chiwerengero cha madipoziti othimbirira (bulauni, zobiriwira, etc.).
• 2 - wosakhwima layering zili zosakwana 2/3, koma oposa 1/3 wa molar pamwamba;
• 3 - zofewa zolengeza, agwilitse kuposa 2/3 la pamwamba dzino.

Khama la kummwera ndi supragingival mwala molar pogwiritsa ntchito dantistskogo kafukufuku.

Kuposa index wabwino wa Green-Vermillion? Kufufuza tartar (i ndi zizindikiro) ndi motere:

• 0 - miyala palibe;
• 1 - supragingival mafunsidwe atseka zosakwana 1/3 dzino ndege;
• 2 - mapangidwe, anaikidwa pa chingamu kuphimba osachepera 2/3, koma 1/3 dzino ndege, kapena kukhalapo kwa tinatake tozungulira munthu mu dera ake khomo lachiberekero;
• 3 - supragingival layering atseka kuposa 2/3 wa dzino ndege kapena lalikulu tinatake tozungulira mwala ili pamtunda khosi.

Green-Vermillion index mopitirira powonjezera mfundo amapangidwa kuti aliyense wa zanyengo ndi gulu ndi nambala ya ndege ndi kuphunzira ndi lopinda zedi onse.

cliche

ndi mawerengedwe chilinganizo umagwiritsidwa ndi motere:

IGR-Y = Uwerenge zolengeza / ndege chiwerengero + Uwerenge mwala / chiwerengero cha pamalo.

Kutanthauzira kwa index (GPI-mfundo pa mlingo wa mankhwala), okonza:

• 0,0-1,2 - kwachiyero;
• 1.3-3.0 - chovomerezeka;
• 3,1-6,0 - otsika.

Green-Vermillion index ali mfundo zotsatirazi zolengeza mfundo:

• 0,0-0,6 - kwachiyero;
• 0,7-1,8 - chocheperako;
• 1,9-3,0 - zoipa.

KPU akalozera

Kuti kufotokoza zolozera ukhondo wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa? Mmodzi wa koefishienti zofunika mano (KPU) zikusonyeza mphamvu ya lawola lapansi. Kalata "K" amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mano, "P" - chiwerengero cha osindikizidwa chizindikiro, "U" - mano chiwerengero kuchotsedwa kapena ankaiphwasula. Uwerenge makhalidwe amenewa amapereka lingaliro za chitukuko cha lawola njira munthu weniweni.

Pali mitundu itatu ya CPU koyefishienti:

• KPUz - chiwerengero cha mano carious ndipo anachiritsidwa mu mayeso;
• KPU ndege (KPUP) - chiwerengero cha nkhope wosawonongeka;
• KPUpol - kuchuluka kwa kumadzazidwa ndi caries zamkati.

Zizindikiro zotsatirazi ntchito mano sanali okhazikika:

• Kp - chiwerengero cha mano wosweka ndi kuchiritsidwa lalifupi kuluma;
• Kp - Uwerenge pamalo lawola;
• CPR - chiwerengero maenje carious ndi zisindikizo.

Anatayika chifukwa cha kusintha thupi kapena kusokonekera mano yotengedwa mu occlusion ali ananyalanyaza. Ana pamene kusuntha mano ntchito osakaniza koefishienti awiri: CPU ndi CP. Zinasonyeza mwamphamvu wonse wa matenda mwachidule madigiri onse. CPU 6 mpaka 10 zimasonyeza mkulu mwamphamvu kuwola 3-5 - zolimbitsa, 1-2 - m'munsi.

magawanidwe izi kusonyeza chithunzi chenicheni, chifukwa iwo ndi zolakwa amenewa:

• kuganizira ndi yotengedwa mano ndi kupopera mankhwala;
• zitha kuonjezera ndi msinkhu ndi nthawi kuyamba kusewera m'mbuyomo zotupa carious;
• musalole nkhani ya kuwonongeka koyamba.

zolakwika kwambiri

zolakwika chidwi zizindikiro KPUz ndi KPUP ndi njakata awo ndi kuwonjezeka kuwola chifukwa mapangidwe cavities latsopano mano akuchizidwa, imfa ya zisindikizo, caries sekondale ndi zinthu zofanana.

Kuchuluka caries kuonetsa kuchuluka. Pakuti gawo ili la anthu amene apeza matenda (kupatula demineralization focal), anagawa ndi anthu ankafufuza mu timu imeneyi ndi kuchulukitsa ndi zana.

Kuti awunike kuukitsidwa kwa mano mu chigawo chomwe mufuna, ntchito ngati akuti mlingo kuwanda mwa zikhalidwe za ana khumi:

• mwamphamvu mlingo wochepa - 0-30%;
• Wachibale - 31-80%
• chachikulu - 81-100%.

index CPITN

Zofunikira ukhondo mkhalidwe wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa kumachitika ntchito akalozera osiyana. Taganizirani CPITN koyefishienti. Izo ntchito kuchita kuchipatala liyang'anire ndi kafukufuku wa boma la periodontal. Ndi index olembedwa okha zizindikiro zimene angayambe kukhala zosiyana (tartar, kutupa m'kamwa, amene adzaweruzidwa ndi magazi), ndipo alibe kuganizira inasinthiratu (kuyenda kwa mano, chingamu mavuto, imfa za ubwenzi zaminyewa).

Ndi palibe amodzi ndondomeko CPITN ntchito. Chinthu ichi si ntchito pokonza machiritso. Ubwino chofunika kwambiri ndi liwiro chizindikiritso, nkhani zambiri, kuphweka ndi luso kuyerekeza zotsatira. Kufunika kwa kusintha pamaziko a makhalidwe awa:

• kachidindo X kapena 0 zikutanthauza kuti palibe kuchitira wodwalayo;
• 1 limasonyeza kuti munthu ayenera kusamalira bwino M'mimbamo awo m'kamwa;
• 2 ndi kuti m'pofunika kuthetsa zinthu zokhudza akuchedwa la zolengeza ndi kutulutsa ukhondo akatswiri;
• Code 3 chimasonyeza singasiyanitsidwe m'kamwa ukhondo ndi curettage, zomwe kawirikawiri kumachepetsa kutupa ndi thumba kuya amachepetsa ndi mfundo zing'onozing'ono kuposa kapena wolingana 3 mamilimita;
• 4 kumatanthauza kuonetsetsa chokwanira mucosal m'kamwa ukhondo, komanso kwambiri curettage. Pankhaniyi ndi ophatikizana chithandizo.

PMA

Timapitiriza kuti tipeze chimene index thanzi. alveolar-papillary-mmphepete index (PMA) ntchito kudziwa kukula kwa gingivitis. Pali mitundu ingapo ya chithunzi ichi, koma amaona chinthu ambiri mu PMA Parma kusinthidwa. Pamaso pa mano (pokhalabe umodzi dentition) analemba mogwirizana ndi msinkhu wa zaka 15 ndi kuposerapo - 30 mano, zaka 6-11 - 24 12-14 - 28. Nthawi zambiri, ndi PMA koyefishienti ndi ziro.

Care Ana

ndi index Fedorov-Volodkina chiyani? Ntchito kuona ngati wodwalayo wotchi wabwino mano. chizindikiro ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti aone mkhalidwe wa m'kamwa mwa ana kwa zaka 5-6. Kukhazikitsa phunziro labial nkhope mano asanu.

Ndi njira yapadera Mano othimbirira ndi ayesedwa pamaso pa chikwangwani pa iwo. Khama la kummwera ndi supragingival mwala dantistskogo anachita ntchito kafukufuku. Mawerengedwe a koyefishienti Uwerenge manambala analandira aliyense amafotokozera ndi nambala ya ndege magawano kuphunzira, kenako lopinda makhalidwe onse.

wakudziko

Fedorov-Volodkina Index (1968) ndipo tsopano ntchito mu dziko lathu.

Choyamba, potaziyamu-iodide yankho la ayodini-papezeka mlomo padziko asanu mano kutsogolo m'munsi. Ukhondo index anatsimikiza ku mphamvu ya mtundu chifukwa, ndiye izo ayesedwa ndi njira zisanu mfundo, ndipo mopitirira malinga ndi chilinganizo Kcp = (ΣKu) / N, kumene:

• DAC - ambiri ukhondo kuyeretsa chiŵerengero;
• Ku - wathanzi kuyeretsedwa mlingo wa dzino limodzi;
• N - chiwerengero cha mano.

Colorization mu ndege ya korona ndi 5 mfundo; 3/4 - 4; 1/2 - 3; 1/4 - 2 mfundo; kusowa kwa mtundu - 1. Pa mlingo yachibadwa thanzi sayenera upambana 1.

Php

Ndipo kodi akalozera bwino thanzi m'kamwa? zachilendo ndi dzuwa Chinthu (Php). Total mphambu la zolengeza utoto mano asanu. index The kuchita masamu ndi kudziwa malamulo aliyense dzino ndi mwachidule zizindikiro kwa wina woyendera nthambi. Komanso, zizindikiro zonse mano anayendera adawonjeza Uwerenge chifukwa anagawa ndi nambala ya mano.

Mbali zokongoletsa

thanzi index ambiri ntchito ndi mano. Ntchito zokongoletsa mano kuluma chizindikiro kudziwa udindo. Iwo atakhazikitsa udindo wa mano ndi dongosolo kuluma mu transversal, sagittal ndi malangizo choimirira. Izo ntchito ndi 12 azaka.

anayendera

Ndipo kodi zotsatira za ntchito yayendera kulipenda dokotala wa mano? Amadziwika kuti kafukufuku mwatsatanetsatane za anthu kukusonyeza njira umoyo wawo tichipeza kupereka zinthu kwa chitukuko wangwiro thupi, kupewa matenda ndi kuchita ukhondo oyenera, prophylactic, achire ndi chikhalidwe ntchito.

Cholinga ndi kulimbikitsa kuona matenda ndi kuteteza umoyo wa anthu, kuwonjezeka kutalika kwa moyo wawo.

Kupenda Medical cholinga kuthetsa mavuto amenewa:

• pachaka review wa thanzi la munthu;
• mabuku kuwunika odwala;
• amavutika ndi zizolowezi zoipa, kudziwika ndi kuwonongedwa kwa zimayambitsa mano;
• khalidwe yogwira yake ya miyeso bongo ndi achire;
• chikusintha Mwachangu ndi khalidwe thandizo la mankhwala kwa anthu kudzera mwa otsatizana, ndipo inakula ntchito mitundu yonse ya mabungwe, zikuluzikulu nawo madokotala a kudzinenera osiyana, kumayambiriro luso thandizo, mitundu yatsopano ya yogwirizanitsa, chilengedwe cha machitidwe mawotchi kwa anayendera oponya voti ndi chitukuko cha zochitika zapadera.

Zochitika ana

Kuwerengetsa zosonyezera wa Green-Vermillion, madokotala angalenge gulu chidwi dispensary wa ana:

• Gulu 1 - ana amene alibe kudwala;
• 2 gulu - Ndipotu, ana athanzi ndi mbiri ya matenda alionse aakulu kapena pachimake sikumangotikhudza ntchito ya ziwalo zofunika kwambiri;
• Gulu lachitatu - ana ndi matenda osachiritsika pa zipangizozi, kummwera ndi decompensated zochita zawo.

Pogwira mano mayeso ana chikondwerero magawo atatu:

• Mu gawo loyamba, kuyenderako imagwiridwa kwa mwana aliyense kulembetsa munthu, kufufuza zina m'chipatala, kenako kudziwa gulu kuonerera outpatient, amanena za kupirira kwa mwana aliyense, kutanthauza mayeso kutsogoza.
• The chachiwiri - chimadalira popangidwa ndi magulu curation yoikidwiratu zinthu limodzi phasing ndi kuphunzira mosalekeza, mofanana kugawidwa pakati pa odwala dispensary ndi madokotala, ayenera kukhuta kafukufuku chimadalira inpatient ndi outpatient chithandizo.
• Wachitatu - madokotala kudziwa pafupipafupi ndi chikhalidwe cha yogwira anaziika kwa mwana aliyense, yolondola miyeso matenda ndi achire, malinga ndi kusintha udindo thanzi, kupenda mphamvu ya malangizo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi gulu la ntchito yophunzitsa kwa kupewa matenda mano ana ndi chilengedwe cha zolinga kusamalira mano watsopano.

anayendera pakati

Pofuna kukwaniritsa zotsatira pazipita kupewa matenda mano, zimafuna mgwirizano mayeso thanzi mano ndi matenda achikazi, ndi akazi pa mimba. Mu ofesi matenda a mano, madokotala ikuchitika:

• ukhondo wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa;
• thandizo kusankha njira zikuluzikulu ndi zina mwa ukhondo, kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro chisamaliro m'kamwa;
• umoyo la kuntchito;
• remineralizing mankhwala kumawonjezera kulimbikira enamel mano.

caries Kuteteza

Tanthauzo la Green-Vermillion index kungathandize kwambiri kupewa matenda a mano a amayi oyembekezera, limene lakonzedwa kuti akwanilitse zolinga ziwiri: kuteteza chitukuko cha caries ana mu utero komanso kuwonjezera za mano a akazi.

Amadziwika kuti thanzi la mayi zimakhudza ndondomeko atagona mano mwana yemwe akuyamba pa masabata 6-7 ya gestation. Madokotala akhala anatsimikiza kuti mu pathologies zosiyanasiyana yoopsa kubweza mineralization wa enamel mano ndi zina mabasi pa siteji ya calcification chachikulu. Mu nthawi ya postpartum, akhoza adapitiriza, koma osati afike mlingo muyezo.

Mkazi kale mu magawo oyambirira mimba chatsika mano zimakhala zovuta ndi periodontal chifukwa osasamalika ukhondo wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. N'chifukwa chake ayenera kuchita zodzitetezera bola ngati mwana sanabadwe. Madokotala amalangiza akazi kutsatira mode olondola a ntchito ndi ena, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi abwino zakudya vitamini mankhwala.

odontolith

Dzino pamwamba tcheru zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Iwo aumbike concretions chifukwa cha zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• kuphwanya kutafuna ndondomeko;
• chizolowezi snacking ndi kumwa ndi chidwi chiwerengero cha zakumwa enaake ndi chakudya;
• phwando makamaka zofewa zakudya;
• matenda ziwalo mkati;
• fodya ndi kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa.

Mu kapangidwe kake, pa ndi subgingival miyala Chrixitu osiyana penapake. M'nthawi osakhala kashiamu carbonate, magnesium ndi kashiamu wa phosphate. Komanso, n'kovuta kwambiri. wachiwiri aumbike kwa zolengeza mano, limene lili wambirimbiri zatsalira chakudya, maselo zaminyewa, ntchofu, mabakiteriya kugwirizana viscous malovu.

ndi kuyeretsa M'mimbamo m'kamwa chiyani? Ndi iwo kuletsa mapangidwe concretions. Madokotala amalangiza maulendo zonse mano ndi ntchito floss mano, mankhwala otsukira mano ndi opanda cholakwa apamwamba maburashi. Ndi zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito toothpicks ndi rinses M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

chilankhulo

Ndipo tsopano tione mmene woyera lilime. Ngati thupi ili si kuukira - dongosolo m'mimba mwanu wathanzi. Kuyambira masiku a Hippocrates, madokotala anapempha wodwalayo kusonyeza chinenero. Amadziwika kuti m'thupi kudzera pamwamba pake anatulutsa chidwi kuchuluka kwa slag. Ngati chinenero kudziunjikira mabakiteriya, iwo poizoni.

Pa thupi ili lili ambiri papillae, tokhala ndi maenje, kuphatikizapo particles ting'onoting'ono likumira chakudyacho. N'chifukwa chake chilankhulo ndi cholinga cha bakiteriya. Iwo akutsatiridwa ndi malovu pa mano, ndi zina amapezeka zonyansa mpweya - halitosis.

Ngati munthu nthawi zonse utisambitsa chinenero, kulumikiza matenda mtembo wake kumva, tilinazo kukoma zolandilira ukuwonjezeka, kumathandiza gingivitis, m'mimba thirakiti matenda, matenda periodontal, mano.

thupi ili ayenera scrape onse, makamaka osuta ndi amene ali ndi "Hrs" chinenero, pamwamba pa amene ali kwambiri makutu ndi mizere.

Kusamalira chinenero mwachita mano pambuyo kuchapidwa ndi pakamwa vypoloschen. Choyamba, mabakiteriya amachotsedwa chikusesa masitepe (kuchokera m'munsi kuti nsonga) pa mbali ina ya thupi ndi kwa ena. Ndiye, kudutsa chinenero amachita burashi nthawi 3-4, kuvala pasitala ake ndi modekha scrape thupi ku muzu m'mphepete mwa. Kenako muyenera nadzatsuka pakamwa panu, ntchito gel osakaniza kachiwiri ndi kuyima kwa mphindi 2. Pambuyo mwai zonsezi zikhoza kukokoloka ndi madzi.

Kukonza lilime ndi chofunika kwambiri chisamaliro. Kuthetsa zolengeza, ntchofu, zotsala chakudya, zokhudza padziko dzino, bwino wapadera scraper kapena burashi (akhoza kukhala ofewa). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda gel osakaniza anakaika pa groomer ndi, amadzaza mipata pakati pa papillae filamentous. Pa liquefaction, anali kugwira akumasula mpweya, amene ali amphamvu ntchito antibacterial pa anaerobic microflora wa M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Ngati nthawi kuchita njirayi, mapangidwe zolengeza mano yafupika ndi 33%.

Mouthrinse

odwala ambiri amafunsa kuti: "Kodi nadzatsuka pakamwa panu," Ngati muli ndi kuvutika m'kamwa angagwiritsidwe ntchito antimicrobial (antiseptic) ndi odana inflammatories. mankhwala Antiseptic kuchita mabakiteriya amene amayambitsa suppuration. mankhwala Anti-yotupa ndi pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa mavairasi, koma amachepetsa chitukuko matenda a.

Choncho zimene muzimutsuka pakamwa panu ngati kuvutika m'kamwa? Madokotala amalangiza:

• Ngati periodontitis kapena gingvite ntchito mitundu onse a ndalama, ngakhale antimicrobial adzakhala aluso.
• Pamene kutupa kwa dzino zitsime kutali ayenera kutsatira nthumwi antiseptic, mwachitsanzo, "Chlorhexidine".

Ngati inu pamaso pa chakudya nthawi zonse kusamba manja awo, ndiyeno - kuyeretsa mano ndi lilime, mudzakhala anapereka kumwetulira wothwanima kwa zaka zambiri.