Kapangidwe ka leukocytes anthu. Features ya kapangidwe ka maselo oyera

Magazi mosalekeza imazungulira magazi chotengera. Iye amachita mu thupi ntchito zofunika kwambiri: kupuma, mayendedwe, chitetezo ndi zolimbana, kupereka zonse chilengedwe mkati mwa thupi.

Magazi - ndi imodzi mwa minofu connective, chomwe intercellular mankhwala madzi ndi zikuchokera zovuta. Pamafunikanso plasma ndi maselo inaimitsidwa m'menemo, kapena otchedwa maselo magazi: leukocytes, erythrocytes ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana. Amadziwika kuti 1 mamilimita ³ leukocytes magazi kuchokera RBCs 5 mpaka 8 zikwi -. 4.5 miliyoni 5, ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana - 200 400 zikwi.

Kuchuluka kwa magazi mthupi la munthu wathanzi ndi za 4.5 kuti 5 malita. 55-60% buku wotanganidwa ndi madzi, ndi zinthu n'kupanga ndi 40-45% ya chonse pamodzi. A madzi - ndi translucent chikasu madzi, mkati muli madzi (90%), organic ndi zochita kupanga zinthu, mavitamini, amino zidulo, mahomoni, metabolites.

Kapangidwe ka maselo oyera

maselo oyera - ndi maselo a magazi, amene ali colorless cytoplasm. Angapezeke mu madzi a m'magazi ndi lymph. Nthawi zambiri iwo ndi maselo oyera, ali ndi phata, koma iwo alibe mawonekedwe nthawi zonse. Izi ndi mbali structural ya maselo oyera. Maselo amenewa anapanga mu ndulu ya, lymph mfundo, mafupa. Features ya kapangidwe ka maselo oyera kudziwa nthawi ya moyo wawo, ndi masiku 2 mpaka 4. Pambuyo pake, iwo anawonongedwa mu ndulu ya.

maselo oyera: kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Ngati tikambirana zinchito ndi morphological makhalidwe a maselo oyera, tinganene kuti iwo ali maselo yachibadwa kuti muli phata ndi protoplasm. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndi kuteteza thupi ku zinthu zoipa. leukocyte dongosolo zimawathandiza kuwononga zamoyo yachilendo imene achita mu thupi, iwo akugwira nawo mbali mu ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana pathological kawirikawiri zopweteka kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, kutupa anachita). Koma dongosolo la leukocyte anthu osiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi dongosolo granular wa protoplasm (granulocytes), ena palibe tirigu (agranulocytes). Taganizirani mitundu ya maselo oyera mwatsatanetsatane.

The zosiyanasiyana leukocytes

Monga tanena, maselo oyera a magazi ndi osiyanasiyana, iwo akhoza kugawidwa mu maonekedwe, kapangidwe ndi ntchito. Izi ndi mbali structural wa leukocytes anthu.

Choncho, amanena granulocytes:

• basophils;
• neutrophils;
• eosinophils.

Agranulocytes ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu zotsatirazi maselo:

• lymphocytes;
• monocytes.

basophils

Iyi ndi njira zosachepera ambiri khungu mu mwazi wa munthu pazipita 1% ya chiwerengero cha maselo oyera. Kapangidwe leukocytes (basophils mwachindunji) yosavuta. Iwo anamaliza, ndi segmented kapena kubaya pachimake. The cytoplasm muli osiyana mawonekedwe ndi kukula granules ali ndi mdima wofiirira mtundu, maonekedwe iwo amafanana caviar. granules zimenezi zimatchedwa basophilic stippling. Iwo ali zolimbana mamolekyulu, michere, mapuloteni.

Basophils ochokera mu m'mafupa, maselo lachokera ku myeloblasts basophilic. Pambuyo kukhwima, iwo kupita mu magazi, nthawi ya moyo wawo palibe masiku oposa awiri. Pambuyo maselo kupita zimakhala za thupi, koma zimene zinachitika ndi wosadziwika kwa iwo.

Kuwonjezera kutenga mbali mu zochita yotupa, basophils kungachepetse magazi clotting ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'kati mwa mantha anaphylactic.

neutrophils

Neutrophils mu magazi ndi 70% wa leukocytes onse. cytoplasm awo lili granules violet-bulauni mtundu, akukhala nawo maonekedwe a mbewu zabwino, sipangakhalenso akuda ndi ndale utoto anachita.

Neutrophils - maselo oyera ndi, kapangidwe ka khungu lomwe chachilendo. Iwo anamaliza, koma pachimake akufanana ndi Wand ( "mnyamata" maselo) kapena zigawo 3-5, lomwe ogwirizana ndi woonda chingwe (zoposa "wokhwima" selo).

neutrophils onsewa amatuluka mu mafupa kuchokera myeloblasts neutrophil. Okhwima selo amakhala masabata 2 yekha, ndiye anawonongedwa mu ndulu kapena chiwindi.

Neutrophil mu cytoplasm awo ali yonse mpaka 250 granules. Iwo onse ali bactericides, michere, mamolekyulu zolimbana kuti kuthandiza neutrophil kukwaniritsa ntchito zake. Iwo kuteteza thupi mwa phagocytosis (ndondomeko imene neutrophil oyenera mabakiteriya kapena HIV, analanda limayenda mkati ndi michere pellets wawononga wothandizila tizilombo). Mwachitsanzo, khungu neutrophil akhoza n'chongoletsa mpaka 7 majeremusi. Amagwiritsidwanso nawo ndondomeko yotupa.

eosinophils

Kapangidwe leukocyte ofanana ndi mzake. Eosinophil ali ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza ndi segmental kapena ndodo woboola pakati phata. Mu cytoplasm wa pali granules lalikulu mawonekedwe omwewo ndi kukula, wowala lalanje mtundu, amatikumbutsa caviar. Mu kapangidwe kake ili ndi mapuloteni, phospholipids ndi michere.

Eosinophil kupangidwa mu mafupa a myeloblast eosinophilic. Apo izo ziri kwa masiku 8 mpaka 15, kenako zipita zimakhala amene anakumana ndi chilengedwe kunja.

Eosinophil komanso amatha fagozitozu, koma kwina (intestine thirakiti mkodzo, thirakiti kupuma nembanemba mucous). Iye ali kuchita ndi zikamera ndi kukula kwa thupi lawo siligwirizana.

lymphocytes

Lymphocytes ndi mawonekedwe anamaliza ndi makulidwe osiyana, komanso lalikulu ozungulira phata. Iwo amaoneka mu mafupa a lymphoblasts lapansi. Lymphocyte akapitirira wapadera kukhwima ndondomeko, kuyambira responder izi. Iwo amatha kupereka zosiyanasiyana zonse mayankho m'thupi, kulenga chitetezo chokwanira.

Lymphocytes, zomwe potsiriza kukhwima mu thymus ndi - ndi T-lymphocytes mu ndulu kapena lymph mfundo - B-lymphocytes. Selo loyamba n'chochepa. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya lymphocytes ali chiŵerengero 80%: 20% motero. Maselo onse moyo pafupifupi 90 masiku.

The Ntchito yaikulu - ndi chitetezo cha yomwe ikuchitika mwa kupezeka pa kalikiliki zochita m'thupi. T lymphocytes zikugwira phagocytosis ndi zochita m'thupi ndipo amatchedwa si yeniyeni kukana (tizilombo onse tizilombo, maselo amenewa ali ofanana). Koma B maselo angathe kubala chitetezo (mamolekyulu zenizeni) mu ndondomeko ya kuwononga mabakiteriya. Aliyense mtundu bakiteriya iwo amapanga zinthu zapadera zimene zingawononge yekha wothandizila awa zoipa. maselo B kupereka kukana enieni amene makamaka ndi mabakiteriya, koma osati mavairasi.

monocyte

Muchipindachi, monocyte palibe graininess. Izi ndi mwachilungamo lalikulu selo triangular mawonekedwe kukhala pakati lalikulu, zimenezi nyemba-mphako, kuzungulira, ndodo, tsamba ndi mawonekedwe segmented.

Vutolo limachitika kwa monocyte monoblasta mu m'mafupa. M'magazi, moyo wake amayembekezeka ndi 48 96 maola. Pambuyo pake, gawo la monocytes ndi kuwonongedwa, ndi mbali zina amapita kwa zimakhala kumene "kukula", ndi macrophages kuonekera. Monocytes ndi maselo waukulu magazi ndi kuzungulira kapena chowulungika phata ndipamene cytoplasm buluu ndi kuchuluka kwa voids (vacuoles), kuti kupereka foamy maonekedwe.

Macrophages mu zimakhala za thupi moyo kwa miyezi ingapo, kumene akungoyendayenda kapena wokhala maselo (kukhala pa malo omwewo).

Monocyte angathe kubala mamolekyulu osiyana zolimbana ndi michere kuti amatha kukhala munthu amene yotupa, kapena mosinthanitsa, kuti naunyema. Amathandizanso kufulumizitsa lipole. Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa fupa minofu ndi kubwezeretsa ulusi mitsempha. Macrophage mu ntchito minofu zozitetezera. Iwo kumabwezera mmbuyo chulutsa mavairasi.

erythrocytes

Pano mu erythrocytes magazi ndi leukocytes. Kapangidwe awo ndi ntchito zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake. A Selo lofiira la magazi ndi maselo amene ali mawonekedwe a litayamba biconcave. Iwo lilibe pachimake, ndipo ambiri a cytoplasm pa ali ndi zakudya zomanga thupi, wotchedwa hemoglobin. Amakhala ndi chitsulo ndi mapuloteni gawo atomu, ali ndi dongosolo zovuta. Hemoglobin amanyamula mpweya wa thupi.

maselo ofiira kuonekera mu maselo mafupa a erythroblasts. Ambiri mwa maselo ofiira biconcave mawonekedwe, ndi zina zingasiyane. Mwachitsanzo, iwo akhoza kukhala ozungulira, chowulungika, alumidwa, mbale zolowa, etc. D. Iwo amadziwika kuti mawonekedwe a maselo akhoza akusokoneza chifukwa matenda osiyanasiyana. Aliyense magazi selo lofiira opezeka magazi kuchokera masiku 90 mpaka 120, ndipo anamwalira. Hemolysis - erythrocyte chiwonongeko chodabwitsa chimene chimachitika makamaka ndulu ndi chiwindi ndi magazi zotengera.

othandiza magazi kuundana

Kapangidwe ka leukocytes ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana ndi osiyana komanso. Othandiza alibe phata maselo a wozungulira yaing'ono kapena mawonekedwe chowulungika. Ngati maselo amenewa zachangu, ndiye iwo anapanga outgrowths, iwo amafanana nyenyezi. Othandiza zimachitika mu mafupa a megakaryoblasts. "Ntchito" ndi pakati masiku 8 ndi 11, kenako n'kumwalira mu chiwindi, ndulu kapena m'mapapo.

Kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi ntchito n'kofunika kwambiri. Iwo amatha kukhala okhulupirika kwa mpanda mtima, kubwezeretsa mwina kuwonongeka. Othandiza kupanga thrombus ndipo potero magazi asiye kutuluka.