Hump: chipangizo luso ntchito. zomangamanga Railway

Mbali yaikulu ya katundu njanji ndi kusanja ntchito imene zodzoladzola anapereka kuti atumizidwe limodzi kapena zinthu zina. Station, limene kusokonekera kwa chuma, wotchedwa kusanja. Mu ntchito yawo ntchito kwambiri zipangizo wapadera, mkulu wa ndilo hump. Tiyeni tipeze chimene icho chiri mozama.

makhalidwe General

Hump - dongosolo ili m'malire a okwerera sitima ndipo kukhazikitsa kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu imaphunzitsa sitima. Ndipotu, ndi chitunda limene zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo yakumadzulo / imelo njira. Kamangidwe tichipeza zigawo zitatu: kuzembera pa mbali, ndi kuda wa hump lapansi. Pa kutsikatsika zikuchokera kubwera kudzera sitima ya. Aliyense galimoto mutamwa yokoka yekha adagulung'undisa kwa kopita kumbali kuda, limene lili otsetsereka a. Pakati masikono kumbali zithunzi kapena ngolo unhook (chikugwirizana ngolo angapo) anapanga imeneyi okwanira kusamutsa mibvi malinga ndi dongosolo pachilengedwe nyimbo. ngolo anagubuduza liwiro ukulamulidwa udindo nanyema, zomwe zili ngolo retarders.

mfundo zofunika

Pamwamba pa phiri lotchedwa mfundo zake apamwamba. Childs, kutalika kwake ndi ku mamita 3.5 kuti 4.5. Apa ngolo kapena unhook anatumiza kwa podgorochnye njira kopita. Kutalika kusiyana pakati pa mapiri otchedwa vertex ake ndi mfundo masamu kwa koipa podgorochnogo anagubuduza njira. kumwamba ndi kuchita masamu kuti kuonetsetsa Ndime ya galimoto ndi osauka ntchito galimoto m'mikhalidwe chokhwima zachilengedwe mpaka mopitirira wochokera katundu pa 50 mamita ku mapeto malo a ananyema njira yovuta. zithunzi Hump otchedwa chishalo mbali ya umene ngolo kapena unhooked akuyamba palokha kunsi kuyenda.

Kuzembera mbali - pakati pa malo otsiriza turnouts predgorochnoy khosi kulandira paki ndi zithunzi pamwamba. zone Izi kawirikawiri okonzeka ndi protivouklonom kwa zosavuta magalimoto uncoupling, ndipo iwo kusiya. The choyambitsa gawo, motero, akutchedwa zone pakati pa Wopanda pamwamba ndi chiyambi cha kusanja wa paki. M'chigawo chino wa njira ndi otsetsereka kwambiri imatchedwa liwiro.

Mitundu ya mayadi marshalling

mapiri kukongoletsa maofesi akhoza kukhala chimodzi amaganiza, awiri kumbali choncho. Yotsirizira kawirikawiri ntchito mayunitsi yaikulu kusanja, ndi wambirimbiri ntchito malangizo onse. zithunzi kale anamanga yekha m'madera ndi otsetsereka chilengedwe cha dziko. Ambiri a zithunzi izi akugwiritsidwabe ntchito. Kenako anayamba kumanga chosakhazikika ndi otsetsereka yokumba.

njira zothandiza magalimoto braking mulole zosiyanasiyana. Izi zidalira pa poti hump ndi ili. Stations, omwe adamangidwa mozungulira mfundo zoyendera anakawapeza okha mu mzinda. Chotero mosamala mbewu wapadera zofunika. Tikuyankhula zokhudza ntchito chete wa oyang'anira ndi lophimba zida, malamulo apadera, ndi kuvunda kwa mwayi zochepa ndi gawo la siteshoni.

Mitundu ya m'mapaki mosamala

Kusanja paki akhoza kukhala yemweyo mu kutalika ngati malo ena ndi m'mapaki, kapena adzafupikitsidwa. Kwambiri adzafupikitsidwa m'mapaki sizachilendo m'mabuku America, kumene nyengo mtunda ndi wautali pakati okwerera akhoza kupanga sitima owonjezera yaitali. Kufupikitsa anali pamodzi wina kusanja paki, olumikizidwa kwa maulendo ndi zina kunyamuka polusostavami. Komabe, pali nthawi zina pamene nkokoma kwambiri kupanga yaitali galimoto pabwalo. Izi zidalira pa dera.

m'badwo atsopano kusanja zithunzi kupereka mwayi kwa zinthu m'dera kulamulira monga mivi ndi ma siginalo kulandira / kutumiza m'mapaki, ndi kuthekera kudziyesa madera zofunikira zonse ndi dependencies. Pasanathe zambiri kotheka kukumana ndi centralized kasamalidwe sitima marshalling siteshoni makamaka.

Unhook ndi hump braking zone

Woyamba akupezeka braking unhook hump m'dera kukhazikitsa intervals kubwerezabwereza. Iwo ikuchitika ndi amodzi kapena awiri TA (ananyema udindo). Kenako braking - akuonadi chikuchitika mu paki, pamene ophimba kopita.

Imatchedwanso mu malo a "njanji Russian" forcipate Kankhani-retardants, ndi machitidwe ena ntchito braking. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo ogulitsira pafupi m'madera zogona, kuzimitsira mlingo ntchito njanji nyimbo TACHIMATA ndi mphira. Mphamvu mikangano zikuchitika pamene kayendedwe ka gudumu chitsulo pa ❖ kuyanika labala, ndi Lamulo mtsogoleri wa. The kwambiri zingamuthandize ndi ananyema malo hump okonzeka ndi maginito okhazikika. Iwo zimathandiza kwambiri pa liwiro mkulu unhook (zoposa 20 Km / h).

Unhook ya braking pabwalopo

mabacteria paki kwa braking magalimoto kapena unhook anapereka chiwerengero ena a retarders mfundo zofunika quasi-mosalekeza liwiro lamulo. Kwambiri anazindikira panyengo ndi mfundo hayidiroliki pisitoni Oyang'anira chitsanzo. Iwo adamulowetsa pamene gudumu flange akuthamanga mu pisitoni decelerator wokwera pa khosi la zii. Ngati liwiro anagubuduza ndi kuposa (anawerengedwa kudzera kachipangizo a), pa owonjezera mphamvu kayendedwe chimatha pamene pisitoni ndi anasamukira downwards.

Ku Ulaya, ambiri nawonso alandira mwauzimu hayidiroliki retarder. Pamene ophimba akuthamanga pa izo, gudumu flange amabwera mu kukhudzana ndi mwauzimu protrusion wa yamphamvu, ndi yamasika kupanga zolowa, kutenga gawo la mphamvu gudumu. Kukana, umene ndi ngolo retarder zimadalira mmene liwiro la galimoto kuposa ponseponse.

Braking pa okwerera zachilengedwe otsetsereka

mayadi Marshalling ndi masoka ulamuliro kukondera liwiro zambiri amapezeka mu otsetsereka, ndipo malo predparkovoy kuphatikizapo. Slides zili ndi mbadwo atsopano kunja ngolo, zomwe zili chabe mkati mwa njanji ndipo ikhoza kusunthidwa mwa zingwe basi ankalamulira. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza ngakhale atulutse ngolo unhooked magalimoto, Iye ayenera kulowa. makina onga ankagwiritsa ntchito yakumadzulo / anthu d okwerera Munich, Zurich ndi Rotterdam.

Komanso zipangizo braking kusanja zithunzi Komanso okonzeka ndi accelerators hayidiroliki. Iwo kawirikawiri m'dera paki, ndi adamulowetsa pamene unhooked chimachititsanso pa liwiro la poyerekeza mwakale.

Dongosolo loyamba kwa mapiri kukongoletsa

A woyamba wokonda njira kufalitsidwa kwa magalimoto inamangidwa Dresden mu 1946. Pa nthawi imeneyo, njira ina yanyumba sitima wakhala kufalitsidwa ku Europe - ndi turntables. Mu 1858, pa siteshoni Leipzig woyamba semblance dongosolo hump inamangidwa. Mu mawonekedwe imene hump ukugwirira ntchito lero, izo poyamba anamanga mu 1863 pa French siteshoni wabweletsela Nord.

protivouklon loyamba

Mu 1876, pa mbewu German kusanja woyamba katunduyo osiyana ndi protivouklonom kupulumuka pa gawo ndi malo wapakatikati inamangidwa Shpeldorf. zithunzi kale anamanga pa otsetsereka zachilengedwe, popanda protivouklona. Mu 1891, tinayamba kugwiritsa ntchito kulekana kusanja paki pa matabwa (njira gulu). M'malo braking zipangizo ngati ntchito nsapato ananyema. Izi zipangizo yosavuta tsiku limeneli lili pa okwerera zachilengedwe otsetsereka.

The retarder loyamba

Mu makumi Mu zaka zapitazo mu Europe ndi America anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu ngolo retarder mtengo. Mu 1923, pa siteshoni European Hamm anayambitsa makina zovuta za retarders anayi hayidiroliki. Chifukwa anaonekera pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali a electromechanical centralization mwayi kugwira mphamvu ya kutali ya sitima ku malo hump. Chinachake kenako, woyamba zipangizo za magetsi zinalengedwa, kasungidwe dongosolo la kudutsa magalimoto. Malinga ndi kuika ntchito, iwo paokha ankalamulira lophimba makina mitanda.

zokha zonse

Mu 1955, pa siteshoni Chicago Kirk anapezerapo woyamba ankalamulira hump zovuta. Pofika mu 1970 ogulitsa yaikulu panali zokha wathunthu wa imakhala yokoka. Patapita kanthawi iwo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito wailesi kulamulira sitima, izi zingathandize zokolola.

oloŵa

Mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri panali chizolowezi kwa predominance wa consignments yaing'ono. Chifukwa kuchuluka mpikisano pakati pa njanji ndi zina katundu zoyendera chidebe kukhala okhudzidwa, amene amalola kuchepetsa ndalama kuchulukana ndi kukhala ndi madalitso a mtundu uliwonse zoyendera. Kuti zimamuchulukira muli kuchokera ngolo sitima kwa msewu ndi zoyendera nyanja, malo apadera akhala okonzeka ndi asilikali ndi Crane. Ndi chitukuko cha magalimoto chidebe ku Ulaya, ambiri kusanja okwerera zimafalitsa m'mapaki awo ntchito, zomwe angathe zimamuchulukira muli ndi magalimoto osati pa nyanja ndi zoyendera msewu, komanso sitima zina.

The MSR zovuta 32

Siemens kampani zachitika yomanga ndi wamakono wa mayadi sitima marshalling wapadera zovuta MSR 32. Izo zimatengera mtundu ndi mphamvu ya zithunzi anakhumba, komanso mbiri yake ndi zinthu wamba amalenga chitsanzo kuti mayesero mothandizidwa ndi makompyuta amagetsi. Lachitsanzo zikusonyeza zomwe malo yoyenera kwambiri zimatulutsa liwiro vesomery, meters unhook miyeso, malo nanyema, zinthu zina za siteshoni kusanja.

Kachitidwe Amasintha amafuna aliyense chiyamiko wogulayo chipangizo yodziyimira payokha. Iwo anapatsa zithunzi ndi mbiri zosiyanasiyana, mfundo braking ndi mphamvu processing. Mwachitsanzo, mu Zurich Wopanda, wokonzeka MSR dongosolo 32, njira 330 magalimoto paola. injini ntchito ndi wailesi. Mu Vienna, chimodzimodzi kugawanika mfundo ali ndi mphamvu magalimoto 320 pa ola limodzi. The sitima ya coaster imeneyi wodzigudubuza akuthamanga pa wailesi. dongosolo amapereka zonse chosakhazikika kuwombola apitirize kudziwa ndi malo ulamuliro. Wothandizira hump ayenera yekha kuti chirichonse chinali ntchito monga kuyenera. Tsamba loyamba la USSR wakale, kumene Siemens wamukhazika luso ake anakhala Vaidotai siteshoni mu Lithuania. Pang'onopang'ono 32 MSR luso likuyenda padziko lonse. Pa malo a JSC "Russian njanji", iwo amagwiritsidwa kuyesedwa.