Icon "Chizindikiro cha Theotokos": zimene zimathandiza? Zozizwitsa kugwirizana ndi chizindikirochi

History akukumbukira Nthawi zambiri pomwe zifanizo ndi zotsalira za oyera mtima, anachita zozizwitsa kuthetsa matenda aakulu ndi zovuta zina m'moyo. Chifukwa Orthodox anthu kulabadira kwambiri makhalidwe achipembedzo. Mmodzi wa awa akuti ndi chizindikiro cha "Chizindikiro cha Namwali Wodalitsidwa." Chomwe chimapangitsa izo ndi mmene tingagwiritsire ntchito fanolo?

mafotokozedwe

Chizindikiro ichi kunayamba m'ma 12. wolemba samadziwika chimodzimodzi. Amayi a Mulungu otchulidwa mafory miyambo ndi manja ake anakulira pemphero (iconographic mtundu Orans). Pa bere la mwana wake ali - Iisus Hristos. Virgin waima. The chithunzi chenicheni ndi awiri amaganiza. Zolowa limapangidwa woongoka chifaniziro Joakim Anna, amene ali kutsogolo kwa pemphero la Yesu. Poyamba, nkhope woyera adakonzeka ndi chovala golide ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Patapita zaka zinayi pambuyo polenga "Chizindikiro" mafano limzake. Master anali Zimamveka Bishop Makarios (pambuyo Metropolitan wa Moscow). Kenako zidutswa chokha cha Virigo wa zovala anasunga pachithunzipa wakale. The mbali pepala ndi lomweli silinasinthe. Panopa, chithunzichi ndi mu St. Sophia Cathedral (Novgorod).

nkhani

Malinga ndi magwero, m'magulumagulu 1170 Suzdal kutsogoleredwa ndi Andrew Bogolyubsky anazinga Novgorod. Magulu anali wosiyana. Ndipo m'tauni anatembenuka mu pemphero kwa Ambuye chipulumutso. Pa usiku wachitatu wa kuzinga mawu Bishopu John kuchokera kumwamba analamula kutenga chifaniziro cha Virigo ku tchalitchi Elias Street mupereke kwa mpanda wa mzindawo. Pa chionetsero anayamba alipo otsutsa m'linga. Mmodzi wa mivi kumalondolera chizindikirochi. Kwa maso a Lady athu misozi unaturuka. Pambuyo pake, adani mwadzidzidzi unadza pa chodabwitsa zosamvetsetseka. Kumutukwana mzake, nathamanga iwo kuchokera mpanda wa mzindawo. Anapezerapo mwayi pa chisokonezo ichi, kuthamangitsidwa Suzdal Novgorod ndipo anapambana.

zinachitikazo limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mu chiwembu kudziwika iconographic. Ndipo kodi kumbukirani ndi ulemu Novgorod mafano, chimene chimafotokoza Amayi a Mulungu-mpulumutsi ( "Lowani"). Tsimikizirani mtengo ndi zozizwitsa zina zimene panthawi zosiyanasiyana za chifaniziro woyera.

chikondwelero

M'zaka za m'ma 12 pambuyo zochitika za nkhondo unakhazikitsidwa mu ulemu wa chikondwerero (December 10 pa kalendala ya Gregory), zomwe chikuchitika mu Russian Church ndi nthawi ino. misonkhano ikuchitikira lero. Ansembe kuwerenga mapemphero mankhwala ndi malamulo, kupempha Lady athu chikhalire wakuwapembedzera ndi chiyanjo m'chikhulupiriro.

zozizwitsa

zaka ziwiri fano anali mu "nzika" za mpingo matabwa Elias Street. Komabe, mu m'ma 14 panali moto mu izo. Ndipo chizindikiro kupeza chozizwitsa china. The moto anafa pansi kunja utumiki wa pemphero, pamene yambali nkhope woyera. Pambuyo pake, pafupi ndi phulusa linamangidwa latsopano, mpingo mwala, analandira udindo wa agulupa ya Chizindikiro. Icon anapeza nyumba yatsopano.

M'zaka za m'ma 16, pambuyo pa kubwezeretsedwa wa chifaniziro Novgorod panali wina, zambiri zikuluzikulu moto. The moto kufalitsa kwa misewu angapo. No khama la m'tauni sakanakhoza agonjetse chinthu yoopsa. Ndiye Metropolitan Makarios analankhula pemphero kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa, ndipo manja ake m'njira kudziwika mondondozana pa gombe la Volkhov. Mwadzidzidzi mphepo yamphamvu analiza motsogozedwa mtsinje - moto ndinayima.

Mu 1611, pa Novgorod anaukira asilikali a Sweden. Iwo mwankhanza kupha nzika ndi kuwononga nyumba ndi akachisi, kubweretsa ziwiya zopatulika, nizidetsa mafano. Chitsanzo komwe alendo ambiri kubwera ku kachisi kwambiri pa Elias Street. Panthawi imeneyi, kunali msonkhano. Mukangolowa kulowa asilikali a Sweden mphamvu yosaoneka anaponyedwa kumbuyo. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo kudutsa kachisi analephera. Atamva zimenezi, mdani salinso wosakanikirana kukachisi, ndipo anthu a Novgorod M'malo mwake, angathe kupulumutsidwa ku izo.

Pa October kuukira boma (1917), chizindikirochi unasamutsidwira Novgorod Museum, pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo - anali anasamutsidwa, ndipo pambuyo - anabwerera ku nyumbayi. Ndipo potsiriza, mu 1991, m'dera Novgorod kumbuyo kupulumutsa fano. Mu St. Sophia Cathedral , limodzi ndi chodabwitsa lakumwamba chodabwitsa - utawaleza kuzungulira m'tchalitchi cha m'kachisi - chizindikirochi unasamutsidwira "Chizindikiro cha Namwali Wodalitsidwa." Kodi kumathandiza nkhope woyera wa anthu ndi zilizonse, inu mungapezeke iye?

Ubwino ndi pemphero

Amadziwika kuti 1352, anthu ambiri pa mliri wa nthenda mozizwitsa. Ndiyeno akuchiritsa kwa matenda amaganizo ndi khungu akuti. Izi, mu maganizo a confessors, woyanjidwa mafano "Chizindikiro cha Theotokos", chomwe chimapangitsa izo ngakhale lero.

Palinso njira ya kubwera anthu ofuna mtendere banja kapena dziko, iwo kupeza banja akusowa. Komabe, ansembe mutsutsidwa kufunsa chilichonse wa okhulupirira, pa mtima ndi ungwiro wa maganizo ndithu kuthandiza Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Mtengo wake kuyambira chiyambi cha Chikhristu m'dziko anali zoopsa. Uthenga limafotokoza nthawi zambiri pamene iye anathandiza anthu osowa ndi matenda, kuwapatutsa mu chikhulupiriro.

Komanso kwambiri ndi funso la mmene kupemphera kwa Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa. Pali zambiri za zingwe, olembedwa makamaka amatanthauza izo. Choncho, pali pempho kwa chizindikiro cha "The malodza". Komabe, malinga ndi atsogoleri amenewa ndi chirichonse lemba kapena fano kwa munthu ananena, mu malo oyamba adzakhala nthawi zonse chikhulupiriro mumtima mwake.

mndandanda mozizwitsa

Mbiri ya iconography amadziwa mndandanda angapo kapena magazini anapanga pamaziko a chizindikiro cha Virigo "Chizindikiro". Iwo ali mu Russia ndi kunja. Apa iwo zogwirizana ndi malo kwa mafano: abalak, Kurskaia, Vologod, Pavlov, Solovetskaia, Tsarskoselskaya etc. Onsewo ndi mphamvu wopatulika ndi kuonetsera zodabwitsa monga chizindikiro pachiyambi "Lowani Wodala Mary.". N'chiyani chimachititsa chifanizo cha Akhristu? Choyamba ndi chikhulupiriro.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, mu chaka cha 2009 "Orthodox ulendo" - mwazunguliza chizindikiro pa spacecraft padziko Lapansi. The ankasinthana 176 chaonekera pa nthawi ya polojekiti. Chilolezo ndi madalitso kwa oterowo chionetsero analandiridwa ku kholo la Moscow ndi onse Russia Kirill.