Kodi kalendala Muslim

Kalendala Muslim amatchedwanso "hijra" kapena "hidzhrat". Choncho, nthawi zambiri mu ntchito ya dongosolo Muslim kunena choncho ndi zina kapena ngati ndi chaka cha Hijra. Ndi mawu Arabic kutanthauza kuti chinachake, kupatutsa moyo kuchokera ku mbali thupi, koma ambiri a iwo ali ndi "kusuntha ndi malo." Miyambo Chisilamu, mawu watengedwera osati a m'Koran, koma chifukwa cha hadith, ndi mawu a Mtumiki Muhammad ndi.

Monga mawu ambiri, akulemekezedwa mu Islam ndi ntchito mamasulidwe a zaumulungu, kalendala chisilamu kapena hidzhrat ali ndi mbiri ndi yophiphiritsa mtengo - nchifukwa chake ndi chiyambi cha chaka choyamba cha dongosolo Chisilamu. Tanthauzo la m'mbiri la mawu ndi mawu akuti "hidzhrat" pachikhalidwe anasankha resettlement wa dera Muslim kutsogozedwa ndi m'neneri Mecca kuti Medina (lomwe limatchedwa Ansar), pamene iwo anakakamizika kuchoka kuzunzidwa, anakonza kumeneko akunja. Nkhani limanena kuti anthu a Ansar mokondwera moni Likulengeza woyamba wa chikhulupiriro chatsopano ndi kuwauza chilichonse chimene anali nacho.

N'chifukwa chake chaka 622 panayambira latsopano, Chisilamu, nyengo ndi imatengedwa chaka choyamba cha hidzhrata, mwachitsanzo yosamutsa omwe. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ambiri mabuku Russian ntchito mawu akuti "hidzhrat" m'lingaliro "kuti Medina ndege ya m'neneri Mecca" sizolondola, chifukwa mu Islam akukhulupirira kuti Mtumiki anasamukira ku Medina, akuchita chifuniro cha Mulungu, kumwaza uthenga wa Islam, ndipo si kupulumutsa miyoyo yawo. Komanso, kalendala Muslim ndipo ukuyimira chisamaliro cha tchimo, chilakolako ngakhale ntchito kufalitsa chikhulupiriro, ndi udindo zothetsera mavuto. Popeza kuti chiphunzitso cha "hidzhrat" ali ndi tanthauzo lophiphiritsira, kwenikweni amatanthauza "ndege", koma ife tikulankhula za kupulumuka kwa wokhulupirira ku zoipa zonse zoletsedwa ndi Mulungu kapena kuvulaza ena.

History oyamba hidzhrata kugwirizana ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana, makamaka, amasonyeza kukondana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa Asilamu ndi Akristu pa nthawi ya Mtumiki ndi otsatira ake oyambirira. Mwachitsanzo, mmodzi wa migrations kwambiri, chifukwa panalibe kalendala Muslim, wachitika m'dera Muslim achikhristu Ethiopia. olamulira achikunja a Mecca anatumizidwa ku ofesi ya kazembe wa kubwerera othawa kwawo, ndipo iwo anatumiza mphatso ku Aitiopiya Mfumu. Koma anaganiza woyamba kulankhula ku mudzi Muslim. Asilamu anamuuza kuti pamaso iwo anali opembedza mafano, napeputsa osauka, ana osafunika anali m'manda wamoyo mu mchenga. Ndipo pambuyo maulaliki Mneneri, aganiza amakhulupirira Mulungu Mmodzi, kuchita zinthu zabwino, eti kuchita zoipa ena, pothandiza osauka ndi kuteteza amayi ndi kukwiya, ndipo anayamba titsatire. Mfumu analira ndipo ananena kuti Mulimonsemo sadzabwerera kwawo. Iye ananena kuti ngakhale ali ndi ufulu wochita chikhulupiriro chawo mu Ethiopia, chifukwa gwero la ulaliki wa Mtumiki ndi Mpulumutsi (Yesu Khristu) - chimodzimodzi.

M'chaka 637, pamene malamulo a Caliph Omar, hidzhrata (yosamutsa) chochitika ankaona chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano, mwezi pamene icho chinachitika (Muharram) - woyamba mwezi wa chaka kwa limafotokozera latsopano. Ngakhale tsiku loyamba la mweziwo - izo kwenikweni chaka chatsopano malinga ndi kalendala ya Chisilamu (رأس السنة الهجرية), koma palibe miyambo wapadera chikondwerero cha tsiku ili si anapereka. Tsiku loyamba la chaka choyamba cha kalendala ngati limafanana ndi July 16, 622.

Chaka kalendala Chisilamu, nayenso, imakhala miyezi khumi ndi ziwiri, ndi zochokera mu kalendala, ndipo deducted ndi maholide onse aakulu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti miyezi mopitirira kwa mwezi umodzi watsopano ndi mzake, ndi tichipeza 29, ndiye masiku 30. Choncho zikuoneka kuti Muslim mwezi kalendala ukugawa chaka mu masiku 354. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa chaka nthawi iliyonse ankatembenukira ndi masiku 11.