Inalowa Ukraine ku Russia (1654). Reunion wa Ukraine ndi Russia: zifukwa

inalowa Ukraine ku Russia (1654) chinachitika ndi mmene zinthu zovuta za ndale komanso zokhudzana ndi chilakolako cha Ukrainians kukhala wosafuna kuuzidwa ndi sikudalira kwathunthu Poland. Kuyambira 1648 chitsutso anatembenuka mu gawo zida zokwanira koma ziribe kanthu momwe ambiri kupambana kapena Cossacks yagoletsa kutsogoleredwa ndi Bohdan Khmelnytsky mtsogoleri wa asilikali Polish, iwo analephera kupereka chopambana nkhondo mu benefiti chogwirika ndale. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti kutuluka chisamaliro kwa Commonwealth sadzakhala zotheka popanda thandizo la angakuthandizeni wamphamvu, chifukwa cha reunification a Ukraine chinachitika ndi Russia. Mwachidule, longosolani zimayambitsa zochitika m'mbiri.

Kulingana ndi kudziyimira pawokha

Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi cha nkhondo mu nkhondo zambiri wamagazi ndi anthu Chiyukireniya nkhawa kwambiri za magulu awo a ukali asilikali Polish nthawi zambiri. Koma Akumenya kusimba n'kuliza Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnitsky kwa nthawi yoyamba sinditi kugwetsera Ukraine kuchokera boma Polish. Iye anayima pa udindo wa kudziyimira pawokha Cossack amene anafuna kuti Cossacks ndi olemekezeka ali ndi ufulu wofanana ndi Chiyukireniya m'mayiko ofanana anali mu Rzeczpospolita pa ndime ndi Poland ndi Lithuania. Pa nthawi kuti sanali ikuchitika za kukumananso wa Ukraine ndi Russia. 1654 zinasintha zinthu.

Mwina ufulu?

Pakali pano, lingaliro ofanana mu chimango cha kudziyimira pawokha ochepa anakhulupirira. Kale mu zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo Ukraine ndi Poland, panali mphekesera zoti:

1. Khmelnitsky akufuna kubwezeretsa ena "Old" kapena kulenga ukulu latsopano.
2. Iye ndi mutu "kalonga wa Russia."
3. Cossacks ndikufuna kukhazikitsa boma palokha.

Komano, kwa ufulu wa Ukraine sanabadwe anakamba preconditions kutero. Gulu lalikulu la nkhondo - ndipo Cossacks osaphunzira ndi ofanana wamba osaphunzira - sakanakhoza kulenga boma yake mfundo, kuwatsogolera wosanjikiza - alonda Cossack ndi olemekezeka - analibe yoyenera kulemera ndale kubweretsa zolinga Odzipatula. Komanso, ngakhale hetman Khmelnitsky anali kukhulupirira ndiye otchuka. Only mu nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi, pa mapangidwe a Chiyukireniya boma Cossack mwamphamvu kwambiri anakhazikitsa ndi kufalikira lingaliro la ufulu.

Union ndi Turkey

Motalikira anali kumenyana, m'pamenenso Khmelnitsky, akulu ndi misa anali kuti ndi paokha popanda thandizo Ukraine akhoza kumasula yekha ku mphamvu ya olemekezeka Polish. anansi wamphamvu amene ali okonzeka kuti amenyane ndi Commonwealth, panali awiri okha: boma Russian kum'mawa ndi Ottoman kum'mwera. Panali kusankha ka Khmelnytsky: mwina Ukraine ndi kulowa mu Russian, kapena kuzindikira vassalage ku Turkey.

Poyamba Woyesana kwa udindo wa Ukraine anakhala woyang'anira wa yakumeneko Turkey, amene adali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kupewa encroachments la Poland mu Ukraine. Pakati Khmelnytsky ndi boma la Sultan anali zokambirana ziwalo. Mu 1651 Porte ananena kuti amalandira Zaporozhian khamu monga atumiki. Ndipotu lenileni kwa mfumu yakumeneko Turkey anali ochepa okhawo amene anachita nawo nkhondo Crimea Chitata, Cossacks zaka chikumenyana ndi. Iwo anali ogwirizana wosadalirika kwambiri ndi khalidwe lawo wonyenga, wakubayu ndipo akutsogolera anthu mu ukapolo kumabweretsa mavuto kuposa ubwino kwa Ukrainians.

Mwina kwa Russia

The mgwirizano ndi Ottoman Ndipotu konse zinachitika. Icho sichinali ngakhale chithandizo ofooka asilikali ndalama kwa Sultan ndi zosagwirizana maganizo. Kusiyana pakati pa Orthodox ndi Asilamu, amene anthu otchedwa "Osakhulupirira" analidi akuluakulu. Imeneyi, diso Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ndi anthu Ukraine akatulukire kwa okhulupirira anzathu - ku Russia.

June 8, 1648, zaka zisanu pamaso anali inalowa la Ukraine ndi Russia (1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky analemba kalata yoyamba chithandizo kwa Russian autocrat Alexei Mikhailovich. Poyamba, Russia anali pachangu palibe kuchita nkhondo yeniyeni ndi amphamvu Chipolishi Chilituyaniya ufumu. Koma mtsogoleri wa Ukrainians kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi kutsimikizira mfumu kuthandiza, kuonetsetsa kulolerana wa boma Russian mu nkhondo olemekezeka Polish. Khmelnitsky kutsogolo kwa Moscow akazembe anatsindika kufunika kwa ntchito pamodzi kwa chitetezo wamba anthu fraternal wa chikhulupiriro Orthodox, kupambana kwawo debunked maganizo akukokomeza za mphamvu ya Commonwealth anati ubwino waukulu umene adzakhala ndi kukumananso wa Ukraine ndi Russia. 1654 yasonyeza moyang'ana m'tsogolo ndi kulungama wa Khmelnitsky.

Oyembekezera Russian malo

Moscow ankadziwa kufunika wogwirizana ndi Ukraine:

1. Strategic mgwirizano, poyamba pa zonse, anatsegula njira kum'mwera kwa Nyanja Black ndi kumadzulo.
2. Iye wofooka Poland.
3. Kuwononga zotheka mgwirizano Zaporozhye Sech ndi Turkey.
4. Kulimbikitsidwa inalowa boma pansi pa Russian mbendera zikwi mazana atatu Cossack asilikali.

Komabe, kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa ndi mmene zinthu zilili zovuta mkati ndi kunja, ndi zochokera chifooke mbali zonse chikumenyana - Poland ndi Ukraine - boma tsarist anatenga kudikira ndi kuona mtima. Kuthandiza womangika kukutumizirani Ukraine mkate ndi mchere, chikalata kusuntha Ukrainians m'mphepete mwa dziko lapansi, kuwombola akazembe.

rapprochement Inde

Links pakati Bogdanom Hmelnitskim ndi boma la Russia anakhala ndi moyo zaka 1652-1653, zaka zomalizira za kumasulidwa nkhondo. Pafupifupi mosalekeza anayenda ofesi ya kazembe wa Ukraine ku Moscow ndi ku Moscow ku Ukraine. Mu January 1652 Khmelnitsky anatumiza ku likulu Russian nthumwi yake Ivan Iskra. Kuthetheka kuti akazembe anati Hetman ndi gulu lonse lankhondo la Zaporozhye ndikukhumba kuti "Ufumu mbaenda nawo mbali yake."

Mu December 1652 ndipo January 1653 mu Moscow, unachitikira nkhani Samoilo Zarudny teammates. Zarudny anati kwa mfumu, "analamula umwana awo ndi dzanja mwayekha awo okwezeka." January 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Rada anaitana akulu, amene anaganiza tisamaganizire ndi Poland, ndipo anapitiriza kulimbana mpaka zafika kulowa Ukraine mu Russia.

Mu April-May 1653 nkhani Moscow anali akazembe Kondratiy Burlyay ndi Silivano Muzhilovsky. Boma tsarist anatumizanso mithenga kwa Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, makamaka mochedwa May 1653rd kumanzere Chyhyryn Matveev ndi Fomin.

1654: Ukraine-Russia - limodzi mpaka kalekale

Vuto la zinthu ku Ukraine kukakamiza boma tsarist mofulumira kupanga zisankho. June 22, 1653 mu Ukraine ku Moscow Mnyamatayo anapita Fedor Ladyzhenskii ndi kalata kuchokera Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, yopatsidwa chilolezo kwa kulanda dziko Ukraine pansi pa "dzanja achifumu mkulu."

October 1, 1653 mu Moscow, anakumana Zemsky Sobor, oyesa definitively kuthetsa nkhani ubale pakati Russia ndi Ukraine, ndi kulengeza nkhondo pa Commonwealth. The Faceted Komiti ya boma la Russia anaganiza "Army wa Zaporozhye ndi Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ndi mayiko ndi mizinda kutengera m'manja mwayekha." Choncho mbiri zonse. The reunification wa Ukraine ndi Russia ndipo anavomereza osati mfumu komanso zigawo zonse za anthu (kupatula serfs amene analibe ufulu kuti azivota) amene oimira asonkhana mu tchalitchi. Imodzi, ndi Zemsky Sobor anaganiza kuyamba nkhondo ndi Poland.

Komabe, izi si inalowa lenileni la Ukraine ndi Russia. 1654 Panapita misonkhano angapo patsogolo zinthu komaliza kulowa akhala zinayenda. Russia anali ndi kuzindikira zofunika wa Ukraine ndi dziko ufulu ndi ufulu wodzilamulira. Inali mfundo Bungwe la Provincial akunena chomwecho, "kuti iwo sakanati kumasula dziko mu Turkey Sultan ndi Crimea Khan, chifukwa iwo akhala mfumu lumbiro mfulu."

Kusainira ya mgwirizano

January 31, 1653 ndi Russian ofesi ya kazembe atadza pa mtengo Khmelnitsky - mzinda wa Pereyaslav - kalata za chigamulo cha Zemsky Sobor ndi "lamulo kwambiri." Akazembe, lotsogoledwa ndi V. Buturlin anali mwakachetechete moni atsogoleri ndi anthu wamba.

January 6, 1654 Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky anafika ndi tsiku lotsatira anakumana ndi akazembe, kuti akambirane zinthu Union a. Pa 8 January, pambuyo zokambirana chinsinsi ndi akulu a zikhalidwe inalowa, Bogdan Khmelnitsky anapita kwa anthu ndi anatsimikizira inalowa la Ukraine ndi Russia. 1654 anali panasinthira zinthu za tsogolo la anthu awiri.

Chiyukireniya ofesi ya kazembe mobwerezabwereza kawirikawiri mu Moscow kukambirana mfundo za kulowa zaufulu ndi Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine pansi pa protectorate wa Russian Ufumu.

Ukraine History mu masiku: reunification ndi Russia

• 1591-1593 gg. - Mwalamulo Cossacks anthu kutsutsana ndi anthu otchuka Polish ndi Buku loyamba Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo thandizo ku Russian Tsar.
• 1622, 1624 ndi. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo apilo ndiye Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo mfumu kuvomereza Orthodox Little Russia mu nzika Russian.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky zikutipatsa zonse Chiyukireniya anthu kutsutsana ndi anthu otchuka ndi June 8, analemba kalata yoyamba kwa Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich thandizo ndi mgwirizano. Chigonjetso loyamba la asilikali Cossack ndi kusainira Zborowski Mtendere amapereka kudziyimira pawokha Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - resumption cha nkhondoyi, kugonjetsedwa katundu Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A mankhwala atsopano Bogdana Hmelnitskogo ku Russia kuthandiza Cossacks ndi pempho kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Kumanzere-Bank Ukraine mu nzika. October 1 anakumana ndi Zemsky Sobor.
• 1654 - January 8 anakumana Pereyaslavskaya wokondwa pamaso anaganiza kuphatikiza ndi Russia. March 27 Zemsky Sobor ndi mfumu anakumana ambiri pempho atapereka ndi akulu Hetman amapereka kudziyimira pawokha waukulu. chikalata ichi potsiriza pamalo reunification la kumanzere-banki Ukraine ndi Russia.