History of Sergiev Posad (mwachidule). Sergiev Posad: mbiri ya mzinda wa ana

Ophunzira nthawi zambiri chidwi m'mbuyomu a mzinda wakale Russian. Nazonso ndi nkhani ya Sergiev Posad. Mwachidule n'kovuta pochitika, chifukwa m'dera lino pali pafupifupi 7 zaka zambiri, imene malo ake zinachitika zambiri zochitika chidwi. Zakale Sergiev Posad ndi inextricably yogwirizana chifukwa cha Utatu-Sergio Lavra - waukulu Russian Orthodox obisika, kuti aone amene amakopa alendo ndi okhulupirika m'mayiko ambiri. Inali mkati mwa Golden mphete, mzinda amakopa alendo okongola m'midzi zipilala wapadera wa zomangamanga wakale, zakale chidwi ndi alendo okhalamo.

kukhazikitsidwa kwa obisika ndi

Sergiev Posad History kunayamba 1347 m'pamene mu nkhalango Radonezh pa phiri nkhalango pafupi ndi mtsinje Makovec Konchury abale Bartholomew ndi Stephen anamanga kumene kumakhala Amonke selo ndi mpingo waung'ono m'dzina la Utatu. Sicholinga cha moyo wodzimana moyo wake anakhulupirira utumiki wa Mulungu, ndi dera lopanda pafupi Moscow sakanakhoza kukhala bwino chiliri. Koma posakhalitsa wotopa Stephen nkhalango zowirira ndipo sadzatha kumene kumakhala Amonke kulandidwa. Kusiya m'bale wake, anasamukira ku Moscow ansembe yotchedwa wa Epiphany. Bartholomew anakhala wansembe pansi pa dzina la St. Sergio nakhala selo kudzipatula a. Choncho kukhalamo yokhayokha kwa zaka zingapo.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, Sergei anabwera kwa kuthetsa amonke ku maiko pafupi. Iwo anakhazikitsa mpingo anamanga mozungulira Woyera Utatu ansembe yotchedwa imene chikuoneka anafanana ndi gated m'dera matabwa mpanda tauni yaing'ono. Sergiy Radonezhsky zoletsedwa novices kutenga mapepala okhala ndi kwa akunja, ndipo anawalamula kuti moyo mwa ntchito zawo. Choncho obisika ndinayamba malo wolemera kupanga Chotsimikizika. Momuzungulira anayamba kumanga nyumba zawo wamba ndi waluso anthu. Ku midzi awa pang'onopang'ono anapanga midzi. Akuluakulu komanso ankalimbikitsa Russia otchuka, kupereka mwayi zosiyanasiyana ndi maudindo ang'onoang'ono.

Udindo wa agulupa mu chigonjetso cha Kulikovo

History mumzinda wa Sergiev Posad kumagwirizana ndi dzina la Grand Duke wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, wapereka mayiko Russian ku Mongol-Chitata goli. Ngati inu mukukhulupirira mbiri, mu 1380, madzulo a Nkhondo ya Kulikovo, mkulu wa maiko Russian pamodzi ndi gulu anafika obisika chifukwa cha madalitso St. Sergio.

M'busa Atate osati anathandiza mwauzimu asilikali, koma anawapatsa kuthandiza agulupa ake awiri (Aleksandra Peresveta ndi Rodiona Oslyabyu) amene akhoza mwangwiro kusamalira zida. Atalandira chithandizo kwa Sergio, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy ndi anamuperekeza wake anapita Kulikovo Field kulimbana ndi mphamvu ya Golden gulu. Malinga ndi nthano zakale, Chimonko mtima ndipo Relight Oslabya mwaukali kumenyana mdani ndi aphedwe ku nkhondo. Koma pamapeto kumuwombera anapeza kumenya wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy Chitata ndi chigonjetso ichi chinali chiyambi cha kumasulidwa kwa Russia kuchokera zaka kuponderezana.

Imfa ya woyambitsa wa mzindawo

M'busa bambo anamwalira mu 1392 ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu obisika linakhazikitsidwa ndi iye. History mwadzaza Sergiev Posad. Ana ofotokozera za moyo wa mzinda lidzaonekera matsenga ngati kuwauza chifukwa dzina la mmonke kwambiri, tate wake, ankadziwika akutali malo ake okhala. Anthu anayamba kudziwika monga wantchito wamkulu chozizwitsa ndi olungama kuti anali kufika osati wamba kumodzi nthawi yovuta kwambiri, koma anthu olemekezeka. zaka 30 pambuyo pa imfa ya Sergio canonized. Polemekeza chochitika pa malo a manda ake chinaikidwa mwala Utatu Cathedral anamangidwa likuvutika mwana wa wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy Prince George.

Chiwonongeko cha obisika ndi

History mumzinda wa Sergiev Posad ali masamba ake aakulu. Ngakhale kuti chifukwa cha Nkhondo ya Kulikov asilikali a Golden gulu anali atachititsidwa linagonja, iwo koma nthawi zina anaukira dziko Russian. Mu 1408 ndi Chitata anayamba patsogolo pa Moscow. Atafika mu njira ya otchuka Utatu-Sergio ansembe yotchedwa, Yedigei Khan analamula asilikali ake kuti singe izo. nyumba achipembedzo matabwa moto mpaka pansi ndi kuthyola.

Chitsitsimutso ndi kupeza bwino

Ngakhale kuukira ochuluka a Chitata, sanasiye linakhalapo, agulupa pa malo amene kenako anaumba Sergiev Posad. Nkhani ana mu mzinda akhoza anauza popanda kutchula mfundo zimenezi, koma awa, ngakhale zinthu zosasangalatsa, iwo ayenera kudziwa.

zaka 3 pambuyo tsoka m'mayiko amenewa, nyumba yatsopano ya chipembedzo, amene ntchito yomanga mwala. Kubwezeretsa obisika anaima mwamphamvu pa mapazi ake, ndipo ndi thandizo la akalonga anayamba kukhala mofulumira ndi bwino. Iye anali kutali malire ake olimapo, madambo, homesteading ndi minda, mawanga nsomba, ndi zina zotero. D.

Tsar Ivan Grozny nthawi wayankha maganizo a mkulu Utatu atsogoleri. Mu 1561 iye analandira kuchokera kumene kumakhala Amonke atsogoleri woyimira kumbuyo mfundo zawo, amene anapita mu mbiri monga "oprichnina". Support Chimonko mwayekha anabweretsa wambiri dziko latsopano ndi kubwezeretsa chuma cha likuvutika anthu boma akumeneko.

Mu zaka za m'ma XVI Ivan Grozny analamula nkumanga m'mayiko linali la ansembe, ndi makoma mwala ndi nsanja 11 Atatero anatembenuka mu linga angaloŵe. A History Mwachidule wa Sergiyev Posad ana zikuphatikizapo Zitsanzo zokongola mmene citadel zaka 1608-1610 ulemu anatsutsana pafupifupi polutoraletnyuyu Kuzinga ankhondowo Chipolishi Chilituyaniya. Pamene Russia mu 1682 anathyola chipolowe musketeers mwala mpanda wa agulupa anapita kukabisala ku mkwiyo wa amakhumudwa asilikali Mfumukazi Sophia Nikolaevna ndi Prince Ivan ndi Peter. Patatha zaka 7, yotsirizira kale kubisala nokha pano pa nkhondo wake mpando wachifumuwo. Popeza anakwera wachifumu, Peter Ine werera m'mayiko ena obisika. lamuloli chinathandiza tsogolo lawo chitukuko mwayekha.

Renaming amonke Lavra

Mothandizidwa ndi olamulira ndi anthu olemekezeka anapitiriza mbiri ya Sergiev Posad. Ana khalani ndi chidwi kudziwa kuti 1744 obisika a anadzatchedwa obisika. mutuwu aulemu anamupatsa mwayi ndi kulimbikitsidwa udindo wake pakati pa magulu ena Russian Orthodox achipembedzo. Mu 1782, midzi ambiri ozungulira agulupa anayamba tikuchita amatchedwa "Sergiev Posad".

Popangidwa ndi mzinda adalandira odula manja pa m'gawo lake anayamba anamangidwira almshouses, masitolo ritelo, obisika hotelo, mafakitale anatsegula, nyumba kusindikiza. Pang'onopang'ono, unakhala pakati akuluakulu a makampani chidole, chakhala chizindikiro cha Russian Matryoshka. Mu 1865, pakati Sergiev Posad ndi Moscow kunapangitsa mayendedwe. Iwo anakopeka Lavra ambiri amwendamnjira ndi opembedza.

mfundo Bolshevik

Chuma cha Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ndi maiko mwawomwawo inathera ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks mu Russia. mabungwe a zipembedzo zonse mu mzinda zinatsekedwa. Pa gawo la obisika mu 1919, anakhazikitsa m'nyumbayi. Amonke anazunzidwa ndi anazunzidwa. Ndi mapu mbisoweka dzina "Sergiev Posad". Mbiri ya ziwonetsero ana kuti mu 1919 anatcha dzina lake Sergio, ndipo mu 1930 - Zagorsk. Dzina limeneli analandira polemekeza chosintha Vladimir Zagorski.

Sergiev Posad mu Soviet Union

Mu Soviet Union maonekedwe a mzinda zinasinthiratu. Pa m'gawo lake, mafakitale latsopano ndi mphero zinamangidwa. Mu 1932 apo linatsegulidwa wapadera Institute of zidole Research. Nkhondo ndi Germany kwasintha asonyeza moyo wa mzinda. Ambiri a anthu ake apita kulimbana kutsogolo, 14 iwo pambuyo nkhondoyo anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Kuyambira 1946 moyo achipembedzo Sergiev Posad pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutsitsimutsa. Kuyambira pamenepo, agulupa anayamba kubwerera ansembe.

Mu 1976, mzinda anatsegula Zagorsky chipilala. Kuyambira 1980 panali kuyamba kugwira ntchito chidole owonetsera zakale. Polemekeza chikumbutso 1000th wa Ubatizo wa Kievan Yairo mu 1988 pafupi ndi kuthetsa pafupi Mpingo wa Chiwalitsiro, linakhazikitsidwa chipilala kuti woyambitsa wa St. Sergio wa Radonezh. mutu anaumba Sergiev Posad anabwerera pambuyo amachitika 1991 ndi referendum m'deralo.

Mzinda wamakono

Sergiev Posad tsopano ndi akuluakulu achipembedzo, chikhalidwe, mbiri ndi likulu la dera Moscow. kukopa Aika ndi Utatu, Sergio Lavra. Kuyambira mu 1993, izo m'gulu UNESCO World Heritage Site. Pitani ake anabwera okhulupirira osati amene ali ndi chidwi mbiri mwachidule za mzinda wa Sergiev Posad onse.