Lina ndi zoweta Politika Elizavety Petrovny. Elizabeth I ulamuliro

Elizaveta Petrovna anakwera mpando kulanda boma mu 1741. Anali mwana wa wotchuka Mfumu Peter Ine ndi Catherine I. kunja ndi mkati Politika Elizavety Petrovny anali umalimbana kupitiriza kusintha kwa bambo ake. Mfumukazi amakonda kukondwerera moyo ndi mphamvu mu boma anali m'manja mwa okondedwa. Ngakhale izi, ulamuliro wake unali wotchuka ndi chiwerengero cha kusinthika. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza kusintha kuti Elizaveta Petrovna, tione mwachidule malamulo ake ena ndi zoweta.

Popita ku mphamvu

Anabadwa Elizaveta Petrovna mu 1709. Pali umboni kuti anali kum'konda kwambiri mwana wamkazi wa Mfumu. Elizabeth aphunzira bwino. Peter Ine, poganiza kuti mwana wake wamkazi kukwatiwa Louis XV, anapempha aphunzitsi yabwino yophunzitsira French ake. Khalidwe ophatikizana a mtima Elizabeth ndi moodiness. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti mfumukazi tsogolo ankakonda kuvala zovala zapamwamba, anali kukonda kuvina ndi kukwera kavalo.

Atamwalira Peter Ine anakwera wachifumu wa mphwake Elizabeth - Peter II. Atamwalira mu 1730, iye anayamba kulamulira Anna Ivanovna. Panthawi imeneyi, ulamuliro wa mphamvu wamkulu wagwa kwambiri. Atafa Anny Ioannovny anatenga mpando wachifumu wa mphwake ake , Ivan VI, koma chifukwa achinyamata malamulo Anna Leopoldovna dziko lake. Policy wa regent uyu anali wosasangalala ndi magulu akuluakulu a anthu Russian.

zokhumba d'etat

Inalowa mpando wachifumu wa Elizabeth ndi chifukwa zokhumba d'état mu 1741 iye anali chifukwa cha chiwembu mu mabwalo apamwamba chikhalidwe, ndi okonza anali I. G. Lestok ndi mfumukazi m'tsogolo. zokhumba The zinachitikadi mothandizidwa ndi alonda a Preobrazhensky Regiment. Mu November 1741, awiri a Ndondomeko ya linasindikizidwa. Iwo mwalamulo anatsimikizira inalowa mpando wachifumu Elizabeth ndipo analengeza ulamuliro wa Ivan VI oletsedwa.

Tikumbukenso kuti zokhumba Mfumukazi anathandiza Lestocq VI, Shuvalov, P. Shuvalov, A. Razumovsky, Vorontsov. Iwo anali chamankhwala chodalirika Elizabeth pa ulamuliro wake.

kusintha ndale

Mu 1740. achilendo ndi zoweta Politika Elizavety Petrovny anauzidwa kuti abwerere kukonza Petrine. Atakwera pa mpando wachifumu, iye anabwerera Senate lamanja kuwagwiritsa ntchito mu ulamuliro wa bambo ake. Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth 1 wa thupilo unalibe ndi kusintha kulikonse lalikulu. miyeso Ofunika Senate anali umalimbana kuthetsa mavuto monga Yak.

kusintha Political Elizabeth ananena za nduna ya Atumiki. thupi ili linathetsedwa. M'malomwake, wakhazikitsa Conference wa Mfumukazi pa Imperial Court. Mzindawu umayang'anira ntchito za aphungu - wanyumbayi.

Komanso mu nthawi ya Elizabeti ayambirenso Chief zamalamulo, Berg ndi manufactures matabwa.

Tikumbukenso kuti apamwamba malo wotanganidwa pa bwalo ankakonda Mfumukazi, ndi munthu amene anamuthandiza kukwera wachifumu. Ena mwa iwo ndi anthu olemekezeka a mtundu Vorontsov, Razumovsky ndi Shuvalov.

ndondomeko chikhalidwe

Social lamulo la Mfumukazi anali umalimbana kulimbitsa autocracy ndi ankavala khalidwe prodvoryansky. Chifukwa cha kusintha, omwe amachititsa Elizaveta Petrovna, anthu wamba anali kwambiri amadalira anthu ochepa. Mu 1760 olemekezeka anapatsidwa ufulu ukapolo serfs kwa Siberia. Komanso, alimi simungathe kuchita zokhudza ndalama popanda chilolezo mwanaciro munda. Iwo ali paokha sangakhoze tipezekemo. Popeza 1764, ali kumalo ake a wamba akanakhoza okha chiyambi mfulu.

Tikumbukenso kuti chilango cha imfa linathetsedwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Elizabeth. M'malomwake, anayamba ntchito njira modekha, ngakhale mchitidwe chilango ogwirika mu zigawo za landlords 'ndi makamu anapitiriza kulibe.

wamba zipolowe

Lina ndi zoweta Politika Elizavety Petrovny zinachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwambiri za moyo wa Amaya. Izi zachititsa kuti zikamera wa dissent pakati pawo. Wamba kusakhutira unaonekera kwenikweni mu misa kuthawa, wakubayu zigawo ndi kuba. Nthawi limodzi ndi kupha onse a anthu apamwamba.

Komanso nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Elizabeth zinang'anima ndi misa wamba kuukira. Kumayambiriro a 1740. panali zachiwawa m'malo Bashkir. Mu 1743 Teryushevskoe kugalukira anayamba. Akuluakulu Imperial anatha kubisa yekha ndi pakati pa 1745.

mfundo zachuma

Elizabeth kusintha anakhudzanso dera zachuma. Mu 1754 izo anathetsa ntchito miyambo m'dzikoli. kukonzanso uku zingatithandize kuthetsa kugawikana chuma Russia ndi chitsitsimutso ubale malonda. Mu 1757, a kasitomu katundu kudziko akhala kuchuluka. Russia mu nthawi ya Elizabeti anatsogolera malonda mosangalatsa ndi mphamvu Western European (Britain, France) ndiponso mayiko akum'mawa.

Mwa dongosolo la Mfumukazi mabanki latsopano zinalengedwa: olemekezeka ndi amalonda. anatulukira zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha entrepreneurship mu Russian Ufumu. Komanso nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Elizabeth anthu otchuka analandira chambiri distilling.

Mu 40-60-ntchentche. m'ma XVIII. mwachangu anayamba kupanga. mabizinesi latsopano lidatseguka Irkutsk, Yaroslavl, Tambov, Ivanovo, ndi zina zotero. D.

Cultural chitukuko cha Russia

Ponena za chitukuko cha Russia mu 40-60-ntchentche. m'ma XVIII. Nkofunika kudziwa mfundo za chikhalidwe zomwe zinachitikadi Elizaveta Petrovna. Zaka za ulamuliro wake sankawabisira zikayenda mu dera la maphunziro, sayansi, yomanga nyumbazo, ndi zina zotero. D. kuchokera nthawi ya Elizabeti Chenicheni kumayambira Russia.

Watsimikiza Mfumukazi anali reorganized asilikali sukulu. Komanso, poyamba sekondale ku likulu ndi ku Kazan anatseguka. Mu 1755 idamangidwa pa yunivesite ya Moscow, ndipo patapita zaka 2 - Academy of Tirhana.

chidwi linaperekedwa Mfumukazi dongosolo Mafumu yogona. Kumangira ndi Zima Palace wamanga Rastrelli chiyambi Italy, anaitanidwa. Iwo amathandiza ndi Catherine Palace mu Tsarskoye Selo. Iwo anali asandulike nyumba yogonamo wakale Peter Ine Peterhof ndi Strelna.

Mu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth idamangidwa woyamba zisudzo pagulu Yaroslavl ndi St. Petersburg.

Policy zakunja zaka 1740

Monga tanena kale, achilendo ndi zoweta Politika Elizavety Petrovny anali umalimbana kulimbitsa udindo wa mphamvu wachifumu. Pamaso inalowa ake mpando wachifumu Russia nawo nkhondo ndi Sweden. Mkulu wa asilikali a dziko anaikidwa P. P. Lassi. Atabwera mphamvu, Elizabeth asilikali Russian anatha analanda dera lonse la Finland. nkhani mtendere pakati pa maiko awiri inayamba mu 1743. Nthumwi ku Russia iwo anali Rumyantsev ndi I. Lyuberas. Pangano la Åbo anali kutha 1743. Ndi mawu ake, Russia zimatengera pa gawo la Finland.

Russia mu zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri 'Nkhondo

Mu nkhondo imeneyi, anapezeka ndi awiri a Mgwirizano wa limati European. Mu gawo loyamba la England anali, Portugal ndi Prussia, wachiwiri kuphatikizapo Austria, France, Sweden, Saxony, Spain ndi Russia. Elizabeth 1 analengeza kulowa mu nkhondo mu 1757 Ichi chinali chifukwa malamulo a Prussia, amene anamuopseza zofuna Kupititsa wa Russian Ufumu wa Baltic States ndi Poland.

The zochitika yaikulu ya zaka seveni Nkhondo

Zisanu ndi nkhondo ya zaka - waukulu mfundo yachilendo chochitika nthawi pamene malamulo Elizaveta Petrovna. Tebulo ndi masiku zofunika kwambiri zokhudza nawo Russia pankhondo imeneyi, ndi anapereka m'munsimu.

Tikumbukenso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kupambana kwa Russian Ufumu analephera. Mu 1761, Elizaveta Petrovna anafa magazi pakhosi. Iye anatenga mpando wachifumu wa Peter III. Iye anapita mu mgwirizano ndi mfumu Prussian, nam'bwezera iye m'mayiko onse anagonjetsa.

moyo

Ngakhale pamaso pa inalowa mfumuyo, Elizaveta Petrovna anali pachibwenzi Prince Charles-Holstein Gottorpskiyskim. Koma pa kudza kwake mu St. Petersburg, iye anayamba kudwala nthomba ndi kufa.

Mu 1731, Elizabeth 1, chiyambi cha chikondi chalero ndi wochokera Dnieper Cossack Alexei Rozum. Malinga ndi malipoti zosatsimikiza, mu 1742 iwo anali okwatira. Ndi nthawi Alex ali ndi dzina latsopano (Razumovsky) nakhala m'banja lachifumu olemera.

Kumayambiriro 50 ntchentche wa Mfumukazi watsopano ankakonda. dzina lake anali Ivan Shuvalov. Zinali zomvetsa lophunzira munthu, anakonda sayansi ndi luso, ndipo anakhalabe ndi mabwenzi Mikhail Lomonosov.

Kulankhulana ndi okondedwa zingapo ndi moyo zakuthengo Mfumukazi anabereka kwambiri za mbiri za chinsinsi cha ana kubadwa. Atamwalira Elizabeth anayamba kuoneka onyenga. Iwo anati okha ana a Mfumukazi. The wonyenga wotchuka anakhala Mfumukazi Tarakanov.

njira ya moyo

M'nthawi Elizabeth chikondwerero nzeru lake ndi kukoma mtima. Komabe, makhalidwe amenewa kwathunthu analepheretsa zachilendo ulesi ndi chilakolako zosangalatsa. Mfumukazi anatsogolera njira lotayirira moyo, nthawi zambiri kumwa mowa. Ndi amchigulu kuti analibe chidwi kwambiri. oimira Russian mu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth kudziŵika kuti Mfundo pa mapeto a mtendere pansi miyezi ake unsigned.

Atatsala pang'ono imfa ya Mfumukazi anakumbatira kuopa kukhala yekha. Ankaopa kugona malo obisika. Komanso, iye nthawi zonse kuganizira za kubwezera mizukwa wa anthu amene anazunzidwa kapena kutumizidwa malamulo ake ku Siberia. Usiku uliwonse Elizaveta Petrovna unachitikira ku zipinda zosiyanasiyana nyumba yachifumu.

zotsatira

Elizaveta Petrovna anali pa mpando kwa zaka 20. Ngakhale njira lotayirira moyo ndi mphwayi zochitika pagulu, nthawi ya ulamuliro wake ndi mndandanda wa kusintha ndi zina zomwe chikhalidwe. Pali zinthu zotsatirazi malamulo a Elizabeth.

1. Mbali yoyamba ya ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi wotchuka ndi kusintha mwapang'onopang'ono. Komabe, kale mu 50s mu ndondomeko ya Elizabeth 1 amaoneka kokhazikika mbali. Nthawi imeneyi, kwambiri worsens vuto la wamba, anali umboni ndi kugalukira lapansi.

2. ndondomeko Prodvoryanskaya kuonjezera maudindo ake.

3. mfundo yachilendo anali kulamulidwa ndi vekitala Western. Malinga ndi zotsatira za nkhondo ndi Russia zinali linalanda gawo la Finland.

4. Kukula kwa sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Ulamuliro wa Elizabeth, izo tinaonera njira yoyamba pa njira absolutism otsalira.