History Zaporizhzhya Sich

Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Zaporizhzhya Sich - ndi chimodzi ndi kupititsa zokha, m'dera la Khortytsya chilumba, koma si zoona. Ndipotu, pansi mbiri imeneyi dzina wakhala ophatikizana angapo malo a Dnieper Cossacks, amene anapambana mnzake mu mndandanda. Ndipo iwo anali mu malo osiyana pambuyo pake wa Dnieper, kum'mwera kwa Dnieper mathithi (choncho dzina "Zaporozhye").

Choyamba Zaporizhzhya Sich - ndi Khortytsia linga (Khortytsia Sich), anakhazikitsidwa mu 1552 ndi Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim pachilumba cha Little Khortytsya. Linanyeka asilikali Crimea Turkey kale mu 1557, koma lingaliro lake - bwino zokhalamo ndende ya asilikali - posachedwa nakhalanso mu mawonekedwe a mayanjano zotsatirazi Sich.

Okwana mbiri ya Zaporozhye Sech ali Sich eyiti, omwe analipo kuchokera zaka 5 mpaka 40: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya ndi Podpolnenskaya.

Kodi miyambo anapambana kumeneko? Imathamanga, mwachitsanzo, kuti phwando mu Sech wamwamuna anayenera kukhala mfulu, wosakwatiwa, mu Chiyukireniya mukuti kuwonetseredwa Orthodox (kapena christened chikhulupiriro chikale). Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Cossacks, iye anafunika usilikali, umene unatha pafupi zaka seveni.

ulamuliro yekha kumsasa anali Rada, amene anathana onse a mafunso ofunika. Rada zinachitika pa October 1, ndiye January 1 ndipo pa tsiku wachiwiri kapena wachitatu wa Isitala. Komanso, Nyumba ya Malamulo akhoza kusonkhana pa nthawi iliyonse pa pempho la anthu ambiri Cossacks. Zochita anatengera pa nyumba yamalamulo ndi kuvomerezedwa aliyense.

Dera la ku Cossacks wa Zaporozhye Sech dzina lake Kosh. Iye anagawana 38 kusuta, amene ali osiyana mayunitsi asilikali. Aliyense kuren anali ku makumi angapo mazana angapo Cossack. Komanso, mawu akuti "fodya" anali ndi tanthauzo lina - ". Munthu kanyumba usilikali" zotchedwa zogona nyumba, Mudali

Ngakhale kuti zochita anatengedwa pa rad ndi, Zaporizhzhya Sich anali chaputala amene ali ataman. Kuwonjezera ofesi yake yaikulu, iye anali woyenera kusaina ziganizo imfa kwa perpetrators wa Cossacks. Makamaka milandu yoopsa izi: kupha Sitefano wina Cossack Cossack; aliyense, ngakhale zazing'ono, kuba; nkhondo pamene oledzera; chothaŵa; wakubayu anthu wamba.

Za Zaporozhye Cossacks, sichisinthasinthanso awo, kulimba mtima sanali muyezo njira ya kulimbana zinkatiyendera nthano. Ndipo mfundo ndi yakuti - iwo akhoza kutsutsa amphamvu, ambiri komanso zida adani.

Mu 1775, a Russian Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri anasaina Ndondomeko, malinga ndi zimene Zaporizhzhya Sich, osati kuwonongedwa, koma mwalamulo kuyerekezedwa kuti chigawo Novorossiysk, mathero ndi kudzikonda Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. Chifukwa chisankho fateful inachokera pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, Russia walemba ndi mgwirizano Crimea Khanate lomwe analandira mwayi Nyanja Black, kotero kufunika kuteteza malire kum'mwera mbisoweka. Ndipo kachiwiri, Cossacks nawo mwakhama kupanduka Pugachev, kotero Catherine II ankaopa kuti kupanduka kufalikira ndi Zaporizhzhya steppes.

June 5, 1775 anayamba wathuwu liquidation Zaporizhzhya Sich. asilikali Russian kutsogoleredwa ndi General-mkulu Petro anabwera kwa Zaporozhye TEKEL usiku. Anatola tsiku limene Cossacks chikondwerero wobiriwira yuletide ndipo sanali okonzeka kumenya nkhondo. Malinga ndi zotsatira za musankhepo pa Tekeli Zaporizhzhya Sich anali anawapereka iwo wopanda nkhondo. Chuma ndi miyala analandidwa. Kenako, Zaporizhzhya Sich kufuzika ndi zida zankhondo.

Pambuyo pa liquidation wa Sich ake Cossacks chibatizidwireni wa asilikali Russian, ndi anga aja anakhala olemekezeka. Peter Kalnyshevsky, otsiriza ataman Zaporozhye Sech, anali ku ukapolo obisika Solovetsky, komwe anakhala manda zaka 28 mpaka imfa yake. Ena mwa Cossacks anachoka Turkey, kumene iwo anayambitsa Danubian Sich, amene anatha kulimbana nawo mpaka 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks kumenyana kumbali ya Turkey, komanso nawo yimitsira wa kuukira.