Chaka chilichonse, chitukuko cha inshuwalansi msika mu Russia ndi ikupita patsogolo. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa inshuwalansi pafupifupi njira yokhayo ndalama kudzisamalira komanso mabanja awo vuto la mwadzidzidzi. Chimodzi mwa njira yotchuka kwambiri ya kusamalira - inshuwalansi ngozi.

Patrimony

Mtundu wa inshuwalansi ali ndithu mizu, koma ngati si kumizidwa mu mbiri, tikhoza kunena kuti maonekedwe ake chikugwirizana ndi lamulo la apanyanja malamulo Visby, wolembedwa mu 1541 ku UK. Akuti mwini chombo seagoing, wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa gulu afunika kutsimikiza moyo ndi thanzi la kapitawo ndi ngozi zotheka.

Kale m'zaka za m'ma XVII, pamlingo lapadera kwa asilikali ongodzipereka akhala anayamba mu Netherlands, chimene iwo adayenera zosiyanasiyana malipiro ndalama malingana pati kuvulazidwa. Mu XVIII ndi XIX zaka zambiri, ngozi inshuwalansi kwafalanso mu Germany ndi England, pamene iye anayamba kupanga otchedwa mayanjano chithandizo mangawawo.

Mu Russia mtundu wa inshuwalansi lafika pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi, ndi kukhazikitsidwa mu 1903 la chilamulo, amene amayenda antchito makampani migodi ndiponso anthu ogwira ntchito za mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso mabanja awo alandire ndalama malipiro likhoza kulumala kapena imfa kuntchito. Kwa nthawi yaitali, inshuwalansi ngozi ndi mbali ya inshuwalansi moyo ndi yekhayo ndi nthawi, pambuyo pafupifupi zaka zana, izo linalandira ufulu.

mfundo zofunika

Pali mitundu yambiri ya inshuwalansi ngozi, koma iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri yotakata: kuvomerezedwa (amayenda mwa lamulo) inshuwalansi siyana zina za nzika ndi zaufulu - chomwe apeze mgwirizano pa zinthu zosiyana opindulitsa. Mbali yoyamba, malipiro contractual akugwirizira thumba inshuwalansi ndi ngozi, ndi lachiwiri mavuto azachuma zimatengera pa kampani ya inshuwalansi. Mulimonsemo, chinthu inshuwalansi ndi katundu wa zofuna za nzika za kugwirizana ndi matenda, kuvulala kapena imfa ngozi.

ngozi tinganene kuti vuto mmene kunja pa thupi la inshuwaransi anali mwadzidzidzi mosayembekezereka. Chofunika kwambiri ndi mchitidwe anadabwa, ngati munthu akudziwa za isanayambike zotsatira zoipa ndipo sanaletse iwo, makamaka mu malipiro inshuwalansi adzakhala adzakanidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli kutsetsereka, ndale pa thanthwe ndipo anathyola mwendo, zingakhale ngozi, koma pamene atapsa pambuyo maola ochepa chabe pa gombe - limenelo ndi vuto lanu, chifukwa mukudziwa zotsatira Mosakayikira, ndipo nthawi iliyonse chikanaletsa zotsatira za chionongeko.

mmene udindo pa

Zochitika inshuwalansi bwino chinanena mu mgwirizano, kuchuluka kwa udindo sakhala ndi choipa munthu chifukwa cha zosayembekezereka kunja chikoka, mosonyeza ngozi inshuwalansi, icho ndi chomwe mgwirizanowo agwirizana. The zosiyanasiyana za zotsatirapo za zinthu zikatero akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3 yotakata:

• zosakhalitsa disablement;
• tsankho kapena chilema okwana;
• imfa.

Onse zotsatira kupanga inshuwalansi chivundikiro ndipo akhoza m'gulu mgwirizano pamodzi payokha (mwachitsanzo, malipiro anapangidwa yekha pa chiphaso cha kulumala) kapena osakaniza osiyanasiyana.

inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa latsopano la Russia

Kwa ena Magulu a ku Russia, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kupereka inshuwalansi chikhalidwe ndi ngozi, malamulo Federal nambala 125 pachibwenzi July 24, 1998. Action kwa mtundu umenewu wa inshuwalansi okha milandu matenda kugwirizana ndi choipa ndi kuvulala mwachindunji kuntchito kapena kunja kumalo a ntchito, koma nthawi ntchito (ndi pa njira ntchito ndi kunyumba). The peculiarity a mtundu wa inshuwalansi kuti umabala malipiro bwana yekha.

Posachedwapa, ndi inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa kungakhale monga inshuwalansi m'basimo ntchito mautumiki a mitundu yonse ya madzi mpweya, ndi dziko zoyendera. Kwa kanthawi inshuwalansi ngati m'malo kufunika inshuwalansi chonyamulira udindo.

inshuwalansi Special nkhondo

Mtundu wa inshuwalansi mokakamizidwa amateteza nzika amene akatswiri ntchito poyamba amagwirizana ndi chiopsezo moyo. Iwo ogwira ntchito ya Utumiki wa zochitika mwadzidzidzi, asilikali, ogwira ntchito yopulumutsa, antchito a Utumiki Mkati ndi makhoti ndi msonkho, ndipo ena. Financial Kuphunzira chiopsezo cha inshuwalansi amenewa amaperekedwa ndi kunena za bajeti feduro.

Choncho, kodi amatitsimikizira inshuwalansi asilikali ndi ngozi (Law Federal № 52 pachibwenzi 28.03.1998):

• kuvulala munthu, - 5 malipilo;
• mu choipa aakulu (zoopsa, kuvulala) - 10 malipiro;
• kuvulala munthu (choipa) Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti anthu isanayambike chilema gulu III. - 25 malipilo;
• woika chilema Gulu II. - 50 malipilo;
• kulumala Ine T. - 75 malipilo mwezi;
• kuvulala munthu, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa ya inshuwaransi, amatitsimikizira 25 malipilo mwezi uliwonse phindu.

Podstrahuemsya zina

Ngati inu ntchito kudzisamalira ndi okondedwa awo okha, mudzakhala kumuyandikira mgwirizano wa inshuwalansi ndi ngozi, anamaliza pa maziko kwawo. Mbali yaikulu ya mgwirizano uno ndi kuti mukhoza kusankha mndandanda wa mavuto mukufuna kutsimikiza, komanso kuchuluka ndipo akuti inshuwalansi.

Kwanu akhoza inaika lamulo kwa masiku angapo (mwachitsanzo, ngati mukupita mpumulo mu mapiri) kapena kusankha Kuphunzira kwa mwamtheradi onse mavuto anu usana ndi usiku kwa zaka zingapo - izo zidalira pa lalikulu bwanji zopereka mungakwanitse.

Zonse zaufulu inshuwalansi msika zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2 - payekha ndi gulu. ndi osiyana bwanji?

Munthu aliyense Iyemwini

Munthu ngozi inshuwalansi kumafuna mgwirizano ndi anthu achilengedwe, ndi kanthu ake Pankhaniyi chimakwirira onse inshuwaransi ndi a m'banja lake (mu nkhani ya imfa inshuwaransi). Izo zikhoza kukhala wangwiro kapena tsankho.

Mbali yoyamba mgwirizanowo chitsimikizo imakhudzanso muzochitika zones za moyo wa inshuwaransi (awiri ndi akatswiri) mu moyo wa mgwirizano. Mu nkhani ya inshuwalansi tsankho, mukhoza kusankha nthawi yeniyeni mu moyo wanu pa holide anu kapena kukachita bizinesi, kwa nthawi ya masewera ndi zina zotero.

Komanso inshuwalansi ngozi angakhale m'gulu monga zapadera mu phukusi, kupereka mndandanda wa ntchito.

inshuwalansi gulu

Ndithu otchuka lero ndipo wakhala inshuwalansi gulu la ogwira ntchito ndi ngozi, mwina zimenezi tsopano kupereka kuwonjezera pa phukusi chikhalidwe, makampani akuluakulu. The peculiarity a mtundu wa inshuwalansi kuti inshuwaransi mu nkhani iyi ndi bwana ndi mapindu - munthu inshuwaransi kapena achibale ake.

Mu zaka yapita, inshuwalansi gulu latsopano la Russia wakhala ambiri ndithu kutchuka chifukwa peculiarities malamulo m'dera msonkho, amene amayenda kuthekera kubwerera kwa premiums , ndi ŵakwenera chithandizo msonkho wa ndalama za inshuwalansi. Chibwenzi, boma msonkho mderali kwambiri omangika, kupanga inshuwalansi gulu zochepa wokongola kwa mabwana.

Kodi zikhoza kukhala chochitika inshuwalansi

Popeza malipiro pansi inshuwalansi mgwirizano ngozi kwathunthu kapena pang'ono anapangidwa pambuyo pakutchulidwa chochitika ina ukuyima wokha kumangoganizira zimene ndi mlandu inshuwalansi. Zimenezi zinachitika anazindikira, zotchulidwa mu mgwirizano ndi zinachitika mu nthawi ya n'loonadi ake, zimene zinachititsa kuti imfa ya munthu inshuwaransi kapena tsankho kapena wathunthu imfa ya luso ntchito.

Njirazi ndi monga:

• choipa (choipa) analandira chifukwa ngozi;
• inadvertent poyizoni wa mankhwala mankhwala, zomera zakupha, mankhwala, osauka khalidwe chakudya (kupatula matenda toxicological - kamwazi, salmonellosis, etc ...);
• mwadzidzidzi matenda poliyo, bango ofalitsidwa encephalitis;
• mimba ectopic kapena pobereka kudwala zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuchotsa ziwalo za m'kati mwa maliseche (mazira, chiberekero, chiberekero);
• sprains, fractures, zilonda zamoto, zoopsa ndi misozi kwa ziwalo amene anachitika mwangozi, komanso milandu kuchotsa ziwalo chifukwa cha njira olakwika zachipatala
• Nthawi mwangozi kupuma thirakiti matupi yachilendo, anaphylactic mantha, kumira;
• hypothermia, amene zinafuna zotsatira manda (kupatula imfa ozizira);
• imfa ya inshuwaransi zifukwa tatchulazi zinachitika pa nthawi ya mgwirizano.

Kodi inshuwalansi musataye

Palinso mndandanda wa zinthu zimenezi, amene sakhoza ankamuona ngati chochitika inshuwaransi:

• ngati choipa (zoopsa) Tinalandira ndi inshuwaransi pa nthawi ya ntchito zokhudza n'kosaloleka;
• pamene kuvulala anali chinaperekedwa mwadala ndi inshuwaransi yekha;
• poyizoni kapena kuvulala zimapezeka chifukwa cha ankafuna kudzipha;
• ngati choipa, zoopsa ndi kuvulala zimapezeka ndi kulamulira galimoto aliyense mu mankhwala a poizoni kapena mowa, komanso pa nkhani ya ulamuliro kusamukira munthu wina okhumudwa;
• pamene mavuto pa thupi zachitika chifukwa cha zodzitetezera, kapena yochizira matenda imachitika pa kanthu za inshuwaransi ndipo zosagwirizana ndi mankhwala a matenda amapangidwa chifukwa cha chochitika inshuwaransi;
• kufa chifukwa cha zifukwa pamwambapa.

Kodi ndalama

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri nkhawa nzika mukufuna kuteteza zina miyoyo yawo ndi thanzi, ndi funso zingati ndi inshuwalansi ndi ngozi. Mitengo pano ali mwachindunji amadalira mndandanda wa inshuwalansi zonena anapanga mu mgwirizano ndi chizindikiro cha insurer a. Uthunthu ndi lalikulu - kuchokera 0,10%, ngati inshuwaransi yekha chiopsezo imfa, mpaka 12-15% kwa sipekitiramu yotakata ndondomeko.

Ndi kuchuluka kwa inshuwalansi umafunika zingakhudze:

• kugonana ndi m'badwo wa inshuwaransi - akukhulupirira kuti anthu ndi pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga choipa, ndi nzika za ukalamba m'zochita zikuwavuta kutsimikiza;
• moyo - mumakonda mitundu kwambiri kupuma kapenanso thupi, amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka zoopsa;
• ntchito - kodi ndi woopsa kwambiri, ndi apamwamba a tariff;
• ukupeza ya kasitomala - ngati mukudwala matenda aakulu, mtengo yochulukitsidwa;
• chiwerengero cha kuopsa insurable - kwambiri, mtengo kwambiri;
• inshuwalansi moyo ndi chiwerengero cha anthu inshuwaransi - ndondomeko banja zambiri mtengo munthu;
• zinthu zina - malingana ndi malamulo inshuwalansi kampani ali.

Pafupipafupi ndalama monga momwe mu mgwirizano - zopereka zikhoza kupangidwa disposable, pachaka, mwezi kapena miyezi itatu iliyonse. Insurance makampani lero kupereka osiyanasiyana lalikulu la mapulani ndi tariffs, kotero kupeza ufulu sikovuta.