Internal kusamuka

Malinga ndi tanthawuzo, kusamuka mkati - ndi kusamuka kwa anthu mkati mwa dziko dera wina ndi mzake. Childs, izi chifukwa cha nthenda zifukwa zachuma ndi chikhalidwe. Internal yosamutsa ndi wosiyana ndi kunja, pamene anthu kusiya dziko lawo, namuika kunja.

mumaganiza General

Mizinda - chofunika kwambiri kusamuka mkati mwa dziko. The lonse zotsatira za kukula m'tawuni kwambiri moti ena ofufuza kuitana ndondomeko uno wokha monga "kusamuka kwambiri kwa anthu a m'zaka za m'ma XX". Kufunafuna bwino m'mudzimo mwamsanga kusiya midzi yawo. ndondomeko imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa Russia. Pa mumaganiza ake ayankhidwa pansipa. M'mayiko ambiri otukuka, mu mizinda yawo anaima mozungulira 80%. Ndiko kuti, anayi nzika asanu Germany kapena United States amakhala m'mizinda.

M'mayiko anthu ndi pang'ono osiyana kapena m'goli osalimba, kusamuka mkati zimatengera mtundu wa madera atsopano Pamudzi. m'mbiri ya anthu amadziwa zambiri zitsanzo ngati zimenezi. Mu Canada, ndi USA, Brazil ndi China, anthu poyamba anali anaikira mu zigawo kum'mawa. Pamene chuma ndi malo amene anayamba kuthamanga, anthu mwachibadwa anapita kufufuza zigawo kumadzulo.

Mbiri ya kusamuka mkati mu Russia

Aliyense lothandiza mbiri, kusamuka mkati mu Russia ali ndi makhalidwe yake yeniyeni, pamene nthawi otsala ndondomeko khola. Mu IX-XII zaka. Asilavo anakakhala beseni wa Volga chapamwamba. kusamuka The wasonyeza kuti kumpoto ndi kumpoto kum'mawa. Mpaka theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za m'ma XIX, izo amakhala ndi pang'ono pokha, monga akulephera serfdom m'midzi.

Kulamulira zakhudza kumpoto European ndi Urals, kumene yosamutsa anatenga "zitsulo" khalidwe. Wa wotsika Volga Russian asamuka kum'mwera, mu New Russia ndi Caucasus. Zikuluzikulu chitukuko chuma Siberia linayamba mu zaka za m'ma XIX. Mu Soviet Union, zinali zazikulu kum'mawa malangizo. Mu chuma anakonza, anthu anatumizidwa ku madera akutali, kumene anali kumanga mzinda watsopano kapena msewu. Mu 1930, ntchentche. Stalin anayamba mafakitale yaukapolo. Pamodzi ndi collectivization wa m'mudzi akukankha mamiliyoni ambiri a m'dzikoli Soviet. Komanso, kusamuka mkati chifukwa cha kupita amakakamizidwa la anthu wonse (Germany, Chechens, Ingush, ndi zina zotero. D.).

modernity

Mu Russia ano, kusamuka mkati limapezeka mumaganiza angapo. Mu malo oyamba kuoneka mu gulu la anthu ku m'midzi ndi m'mizinda. chiŵerengero Kudziwa mlingo wa mizinda ya dziko. Today, 73% ya ku Russia amakhala m'mizinda, ndi 27% - m'midzi. Chimodzimodzi ziwerengero omwewo anali mu Soviet Union pa kalembera lomaliza mu 1989. Pankhaniyi, chiwerengero cha midzi chinawonjezeka ndi zoposa 2000, koma halve chiwerengero cha midzi m'midzi, omwe ali kunyumba kwa anthu osachepera 6000. Chotero ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa amasonyeza kuti mapeto a 90s lapansi. Kunadzetsa mkati kusamuka chiopsezo mofulumira midzi oposa 20%. Lero, kanjedza ndi wolimbikitsa kwambiri.

Mu Russia, pali mitundu iwiri ya midzi m'tawuni - matauni ang'onoang'ono ndi midzi. Kodi iwo anatsimikiza? Malinga ndi muyezo, iwo anazindikira m'mudzi m'tawuni, ngati chiwerengero cha anthu chinkhoswe mu ulimi, si upambana 15%. Pali chotchinga china. Mzindawu anthu osachepera 12 chikwi. Ngati kusamuka mkati akutitsogolera kuti kuchepa anthu ndi dontho mu manambala pansipa bala iyi, udindo kuthetsa zikhoza kusintha.

"Maginito" ndi mabusa

Chiwerengero Russian ndi anagawira pa gawo lalikulu la dziko ndi m'goli kwambiri. Ochuluka anaikira chapakati, Volga ndi South Federal Ma (26%, 22% ndipo 16% motero). Pa nthawi yomweyo, anthu ochepa okha amene akukhala ku East Far (4%). Koma chirichonse N'kutheka skewed kanjedza, kusamuka mkati - nthawi zonse kupitirirabe ndondomeko. Pa chaka chathachi, anthu 1.7 miliyoni nawo kayendedwe dziko. Ichi ndi 1.2% ya anthu.

Waukulu "maginito" ali ku Russia, kusamuka kwa mkati kuli Moscow ndi midzi yake Kanema. Kukula anati mu St. Petersburg ndi Leningrad dera. Mitu iwiri wokongola monga malo ntchito. Pafupifupi zigawo zina zonse m'dzikolo anakumana kusamuka imfa (ndikusiya kuposa adza kwa yomweyo).

mphamvu dera

Mu Volga Federal District, yaikulu kusamuka phindu taonera Tatarstan, mu South - m'dera Krasnodar. Mu Urals, ziwerengero zabwino ali kokha mu dera Sverdlovsk. Pali amapita anthu a Siberia ndi Far East m'madera kumene konsekonse titchuke kusamuka imfa. Zimenezi zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka zingapo.

Internal kusamuka - ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha anthu kuchepa kwa Siberia Federal District, amene kuwombola ndi madera ena 2000-2008. Ndataya anthu 244 sauzande. manambala kumatsimikizira. Mwachitsanzo, mu umodzi Altai dera pa nthawi yomweyi, kuchepa analipo anthu 64 sauzande. Ndipo madera awiri okha mu chigawo osiyana kukula yaing'ono zosamukasamuka - izo Tomsk ndi Novosibirsk dera.

Far East

Kwambiri anthu ena zisakuyenda wataya Far East. Iwo amagwira ntchito ndi kunja ndi mkati kusamuka. Koma ikuyenda anthu m'madera osiyanasiyana m'dzikoli ndi kunawatayitsa 187 000 Anthu pa zaka khumi zapitazi. Anthu ambiri kusiya ku Yakutia, Chukotka ndi Magadan dera.

Ziwerengero za Far East m'lingaliro, n'zomveka. Dera limeneli ndi kumapeto ina ya dziko ku likulu. Ambiri a anthu ake akusiya ku Moscow, kuzindikira okha ndi kuyiwala za kutchinjiriza. Pamene tikukhala mu East Asia, anthu amacheza ndalama yaikulu maulendo kamodzikamodzi kapena ndege ku West. Nthawi zina matikiti wozungulira ulendo akhoza ndalama malipiro lonse. Zonsezi kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti kuwonjezeka ndi kukula kusamuka mkati. Mayiko ndi gawo lalikulu monga mpweya muyenera zomangamanga angakwanitse zoyendera. analenga ndi wamakono yake - ndi vuto lalikulu kwa Russia ano.

Mmene chuma cha nyengo

Zinthu zazikulu zimene kudziwa chikhalidwe cha kusamuka mkati zifukwa zachuma. Russian kukondera adanyamuka chifukwa mlingo m'goli chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali zosiyanasiyana m'madera pa khalidwe ndi muyezo wa amoyo. M'madera akumidzi ndi malire ali otsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitu, choncho wosaoneka kwa anthu.

Pakuti gawo lalikulu la Russia ndipo amakhala ndi zinthu nyengo. Ngati makonzedwe Belgium homogeneous mu ntchito yake ikukhudzana ndi ovuta kwambiri pa nkhani ya la Russia. yabwino kwambiri pa moyo ndi nyengo wokongola kumachititsa anthu kum'mwera ndi likulu la dziko. m'mizinda yambiri kumpoto adanyamuka m'nthawi ya Soviet Union chifukwa dongosolo kutumiza malamulo ndi nyumba zina percussion. Mu msika free, anthu anabadwa mu zigawo izi amakonda kuwasiya.

zinthu Social ndi asilikali

Gulu lachitatu mfundo - ndi chikhalidwe, amene afotokozedwa mu zikulumikizana mbiri ndi banja. Iwo ndi chifukwa wamba T N.. "Zozungulira kusamuka". Anthu a m'madera kum'mawa ndi kumpoto, kusiya kwa Moscow, nthawi zambiri kubwerera kunyumba, T. Kwa. Anakhala banja, achibale ndi mabwenzi.

Gulu lina la zinthu - pa nkhondo. nkhondo kukakamiza anthu m'nyumba zawo ndi kukhazikika mu malo otetezedwa, kuchokera mwazi wa moto. Mu Russia, mfundozi anali kufunika kwambiri mma 1990. Pamene kumpoto Caucasus, ndipo makamaka mu Chechnya kwa zaka zingapo anapitiriza nkhondo owawa.

ziyembekezo

Development wa kusamuka mkati popewa osasamba nyumba mitengo ndi chitukuko ofooka msika nyumba mu zigawo. Kuti athetse vutoli amafuna thandizo boma ndi ndalama vuto m'madera mayiko ndi maiko. Zigawo muyenera kuonjezera ndalama ya anthu ntchito, ntchito yatsopano, kuonjezera ndalama bajeti, kuchepetsa kufunika ndalama bajeti.

Yabwino kudzakhala njira zina. Chitsitsimutso cha kusamuka mkati kumathandiza kuchepetsa kungasokoneze malonda pa chilengedwe, komanso kusintha kwa zinthu zaziwerengero.