Chitsanzo cha kusanthula ndakatulo, momwe kuti kusanthula ndakatulo

Chikondi ndakatulo n'zosatheka usanachimvetse. Sukulu mabuku lakonzedwa kupanga luso luso kumvetsa ntchito ndakatulo: kumvetsa tanthauzo la ntchito kudzamvera mungoli wake nyimbo, kudutsa mu dziko lamkati la ngwazi m'nyimbo. Izi ntchito ndi kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane za ndakatuloyi, chitsanzo cha lopatsidwa nkhaniyi.

Kusankha ntchito

Oŵerenga akupemphedwa "Zima Morning" A. S. Pushkina. Posankha kumatanthauza zifukwa zingapo:

• Inde a ndakatulo iyi limakupatsani zamoyo chithunzi cha yozizira malo, amene angafanane ndi chinsalu cha wojambula kapena chidutswa cha nyimbo wopeka nyimbo. Ndipo kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, nthawi zonse pa zitsanzo zabwino koposa za luso.
• Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinenero mabuku a wolemba n'zotheka kuti achite zonse zinenero kusanthula mawu omwe ali mbali ya Philological kusanthula ndakatulo. Chitsanzo kudzakuthandizani m'tsogolo kupirira mosavuta ndi kuphunzira ndakatulo za m'ma XIX.
• ndakatuloyi amaphunzira pa sukulu kuti adzakonza pa chitukuko cha chuma zovuta.
• Zojambula pang'ono mu Volume, zomwe zimathandiza kuti likhale kusanthula ofunika kwambiri.

kukonzekeratu kusanthulidwe

Palibe dera limodzi kutsata kusanthula zithunzi. Zonse zimadalira mavuto anakumana ndi kafukufuku, ndi gwero lake, ndi chamoyo wamoyo si nthawi zonse anaikidwa chimango anakonzeratu. Akufuna kusanthula ndakatuloyi - chitsanzo cha dongosolo, wasenza makamaka mankhwala makamaka. zinthu wake mosavuta interchanged, kuti ntchito yakeyi mawu ena, koma ndi kofunika kuti azisunga mbali zitatu: zakale ndi mbiri, zinenero (ndakatulo mawu stylistics, phonetics, galamala lemba) ndi zolembalemba (lathu, mtundu wanyimbo, song, kalembedwe). Mkulu mlingo kusanthula amafuna zina kufotokoza ubwenzi chonena ndakatulo.

Dongosolo akufuna ali motere:

1. Mbiri ya "Zima m'mawa", zokhudza wolemba.
2. Ikani mankhwala a ndakatulo iyi.
3. Polemba chinenero ndi mutu wa ntchito.
4. Topic ndi zikuchokera.
5. M'nyimbo ngwazi, ndi maganizo ntchito.
6. Kayankhulidwe ka ndakatuloyi.
7. Zithunzi zipangizo.
8. Nyimbo, rhyming njira.
9. Sound bungwe.
10. Ubwenzi kuwerenga.

Mbiri ya "yozizira m'mawa"

pakamutu chino chikulongosola woyamba dongosolo awiri mfundo yokhudza zokhudza woyambitsa ndi ntchito za malo pa ntchito yake. Pushkin a ndakatulo kusanthula chitsanzo pazikhalanso zoona zomwe zili mwachindunji zogwirizana tinachita: tsiku ndi malo kulemba, ndi kudzipereka ndi zochitika m'mbuyomu, buku loyamba. Chofunika kudziwa mbiri ya "Zima m'mawa"?

Makumi atatu A. S. Pushkin amukopere kukongola yakale Natalia Goncharova, amene poyamba ayankhe anali atavala khalidwe m'malo kalekale. Kusokonekera ndakatulo akuphwanya lamulo la Nicholas ine ndipo anatumizidwa ku Caucasus, kumene panokha nawo ntchito ya usilikali. Atabwerera anasiya m'mudzi wa Pavlovsk (chigawo Tver) kuti chuma cha P. I. Vulfa, umene wazunguliridwa ndi mabwenzi abwino nthawi yocheza ena kulemba tsiku lina November 3, 1929 ndi m'nyimbo zikuchokera, chidwi chiphaso icho. Iye pokonzekera msonkhano yaitali ndi kukongola-mkwatibwi, amene dzanja wayikidwa kukwaniritsa kachiwiri. Chaka chotsatira ndakatulo linasindikizidwa mu anthology "Tsarskoye Selo", analowa golide thumba la ndakatulo ubusa, mwaluso kusonyeza kukongola kwa chilengedwe Russian, zonse zamatsenga Fairy. Mu ndakatuloyi palibe kudzipereka, koma kwalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a kukambirana ndi bwenzi wamng'ono, amene wolemba akufuna kugawana poyamikira zimene anaona.

Polemba chinenero ndi mutu wa ndakatuloyi

Kudziwa mtundu wanyimbo ayenera kukhala ndi nzeru za zizindikiro zake, komanso kumvetsa malo kuti ali mu ntchito za mlembi. Nzika adzakhala tiyankhe funso bwanji kuti kusanthula ndakatulo. Chitsanzo cha kusanthula yeniyeni - ndiyo kutsatira "Zima m'mawa" mutu wa nkhani umene ayankhidwa subtitle izi.

mankhwala kuoneka improvisation kwambiri munthu ndi autobiographical, ndi monologue wopita kwa kugona kukongola. Ndi mbali ya mtundu wanyimbo lyric, ndi madera angapo chikondi, nzeru zaumunthu, mbiri yakale, malo, ndi asilikali. Mu "Zima Morning" mu kalembedwe chikondi limafotokoza kukongola kwa chilengedwe kuti akhoza zimachitika mankhwala gulu la ndakatulo ubusa, imene A. S. Pushkin ndi chosaneneka mbuye. Chiŵerengero lokhala wosasangalala zachilengedwe ndi munthu, kusintha mwadzidzidzi limati awo zosiyana - mfundo yaikulu ya ndakatuloyi, kumene kumakhudza kusankha woyambitsa njira luso.

Topic ndi zikuchokera

Osati ndakatulo zonse chiwembu. Mu "Zima Morning" zonse zinachokera pa amalingalira za zoyera chokongoletsera kubwera yozizira, kuchititsa mtima mokondwera. Asamasirire chikhalidwe ndi chokumbukira wolemba akupitiriza kufotokoza panyumba, onyamula chikondi ndi chitonthozo. nyuzi chimasonyeza liniya zikuchokera olembedwa iambic tetrameter. CHITSANZO ndakatulo kusanthula ayenera kuthandiza kusiyanitsa gawo zamalankhulidwe ndi chipangizo luso, zimene zimathandiza kuti harmonically zokhudzana.

"Zima m'mawa" lagawidwa wolemba asanu mavesi mizere asanu ndi limodzi (Sestina), omwe akuyandikira chithunzi osiyana, zimalimbikitsa zigawo limaonetseratu:

• Kuzizwa dzuwa frosty m'mawa ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuuzako wopusa chibwenzi.
• Sakumbukira Mkuntho dzulo.
• Kufotokozera lokongola kunja pa zenera.
• Ulaliki wa ulemerero mkati mwa chipinda.
• Kuganizira za chibwana zodabwitsa kuthengo.

Njira yaikulu ya luso la njira compositional, yolumikiza ndalama pamodzi, kukhala otsutsana (otsutsa). Mwa mzere woyamba: "Frost ndi Sun", ndipo pambuyo Mosiyana dzulo ( "vechor") ndiyeno nkubwera m'mawa ( "tsopano"), amalimbikitsa nsalu ya ndakatuloyi.

M'nyimbo ngwazi, maganizo

The ntchito ndakatulo ndi kwenikweni kudzapereka ngwazi m'nyimbo. Mu "Zima Morning" - ali woyambitsa ndi kuti bwenzi (addressee), imene yaloza monologue. The ngwazi akutembenukira kwa mtsikana ndi mawu akuti: "Wokondedwa", "Kukongola", "bwenzi wokongola," amene amasonyeza mtima wake kwa izo. Ichi ndi chiwonetsero cha kukoma mtima, chikondi ndi chisamaliro. Analysis a ndakatulo lyric, chitsanzo chimene m'nkhani ufuna kuzindikira maganizo a chonse pamodzi.

Ku mzere woyamba pali pano kuwala ndi chimwemwe, ngakhale ndime yachiwiri uka chokumbukira chisoni m'mbuyomu. Koma mosiyana zikusonyeza yekha kwa maganizo abwino, kuchibweretsa icho anasangalala ndi kuitana kugawana chimwemwe ndi khalidwe waukulu.

ndakatulo mawu

Ambiri a mawu ndi yosavuta kumva kumvetsa, ngakhale wolemba akugwiritsa ntchito mawu ndi lothandiza mawu, mtengo umene unatchulidwa chithunzi pamwambapa. Mwa zinenero kumatanthauza umene akugwiritsa, zimakhala zapadera malo achipongwe. Mu ntchito kochepa amapezeka nthawi 18, kuwapatsa iwo anali masomphenya, amene inu mukhoza kuona m'maganizo mwanu ndi zokongola yozizira malo, ndipo dzulo Mkuntho, wopambana ndi bata mkati chokongoletsera nyumba. CHITSANZO ndakatulo kusanthula N'zosatheka enumerating zinthu zonse zinenero ntchito ndi wolemba. Pakati pawo: mafanizo, mafanizo ndi personifications.

Hero akuyerekeza bwenzi lake ndi "Northstar" ndi mwezi - ". Wotumbululuka blur ndi" Koma chidwi kwambiri ndi kufanizitsa m'njira zophiphiritsira chabe - fanizo. Choncho, chipinda zounikira za "Amber Sheen" imene kumawathandiza anthu kuona mmene dzuwa. Umunthu - chopatsa katundu wa zinthu zopanda moyo anthu. Mu A. S. Pushkina Mkuntho amatha 'akwiye ", ndi mdima" amavala "pa thambo mitambo kuti anawonjezera mitundu yowala mu zojambulajambula.

Graphic Tirhana

Chidwi syntactic zipangizo ntchito ndi wolemba. Joy pa chiyambi cha kusintha mankhwala amafuula, osatembenukira ku mawu womasuka kwambiri, pamene munthu alankhula za chikondi cha moto. Ena kutengeka kuonetsa nkhani, kuphatikizapo apamwamba. Ndakatulo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi ziganizo yosavuta kulankhula mwachindunji, kuwapatsa iwo lightness ndi kugogomeza chikhalidwe cha chisangalalo.

Mwachitsanzo kusanthula ndakatulo tawatchula m'nkhani silingafotokoze njira zonse zithunzi, koma tiyenera kuganizira zimene kupereka mizere wanzeru wolemba ndakatulo zithunzi makamaka. Ndi alliteration (sizzling ndi kumaliseche mawu anafuulira) ndi assonance (kubwerezabwereza mavawelo) wowerenga amamva ngati mng'alu ng'anjo, ndi Kunkapezekanso kavalo ndi chisanu creaking. Amagwiritsa wolemba ndi obwerezabwereza zikumveka mofananira (anaphora) "ndi Oil ..." "... ndi mtsinje." Zimenezi zimandipatsa kuganiza za ntchito m'nyimbo.

Nyimbo, njira rhyming

Kugwiritsa ndakatulo chetyrohstopnogo pentameter amapereka ndakatulo mphamvu ndi chidaliro, chifukwa pentameter - mmodzi wa miyeso kwambiri limaonetseratu ndi lalikulu. Komabe, m'lembali pali mawu ( "wolemekezeka", "akuchedwa") kuti akuphwanya mokhazikika mungoli ndi (pyrrhic). wolemba mwadala amagwiritsa njira kugwira chidwi owerenga ndi kunena mfundo, limasonyeza boma lamkati la ngwazi: ". gombe wokoma" kuwala chisoni, chisangalalo, kukhumba Mwachitsanzo izi ndi kusanthula mabuku, ndakatulo chingakhale chosakwanira ngati mulibe kusunga yomanga rhymes.

Consonance itha wa woyamba, wachiwiri, wachinayi ndi wachisanu mizere kupanga awiriawiri vesi lililonse, ndi wachitatu ndi chimodzi nyimbo wina ndi mzake (lamba nyimbo). Mwa ichi, chimene syllable wafotokozedwa mzere womalizira, mawu, rhymes ndi anawagawa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Mu "Zima Morning" iwo Njira, koma wamkazi, ndilo syllable penultimate unstressed kupambana. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuphatikiza chete ndi mizere kumapeto, kupereka ndakatulo mungoli a. Only mu Vesi chachinayi, mukhoza kuona mizere ya kusiyana mapangidwe ndi Imani zina, kuthandiza tanthauzo la ndakatuloyi.

Sound gulu

Wapadera mizere Pushkin ndi kuti oimba ambiri analanda malankhulidwe interlacing ndi kulenga nyimbo chodabwitsa, ndendende koyenera mu maganizo ndakatuloyi. Imodzi mwa ntchito zabwino ndi nkhani ndi G. Sviridov, anamanga pa osiyanitsa. Kale alliteration ndi assonance osati kulamulira "yozizira m'mawa", kupereka malo kwa kuphatikiza mawu a mumtundu maganizo. phokoso Nthawi zina zimachitika mmodzi kapena awiri oyandikana mawu [N] [tsa] ndi [L]. Mwachitsanzo Analysis wa ndakatulo ndi chosakwanira popanda chilolezo lemba chitsimikiziro:

• "Yantai tsa L eskom nym b";
• "Pa tsamba UT ennemu ndi YSU N";
• "Transparent tsa achny L EU";
• "Ete N tsa N, L Ivo";
• "Veso TH L T tsa eskom".

kusintha kusiyana inachokera pa mawu kuchokera ku Kuwala, phokoso wofatsa [e, N, c, L, mamita] zazing'ono, mdima [×, yakumadzulo, H, u], kuti nkomwe A. S. Pushkin anapanga bwino. namatetule wake kwagona pa ena akufunira, iwo ntchito kuchuluka onse lamayimbidwe chinenero Russian.

Ubwenzi kuwerenga

Kodi kulemba kusanthula ndakatulo? Mwachitsanzo imasonyeza kuti kudziwa chiphunzitso ndakatulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maluso maphunziro ndi chidziwitso. Komabe, kukumbukira nthawi zonse adzakhala chosakwanira ngati sanali kupereka maganizo patokha mogometsa:

• Kodi maganizo anapangitsa ndakatulo, owerenga?
• Kodi mfundo ndi m'nyimbo kumverera Poyankha?
• ndi tanthauzo la ndime zimenezi?

"Zima Morning" ndi lodzala ndi chikondi cha moyo, ndichiyembekezo kuti amasirira kukongola kwa chilengedwe mayi. Iwo amanyamula nzeru za mgwirizano pakati pa mwamuna ndi dziko, angathe kupereka chilichonse mphamvu maganizo ndi kulimbikitsa chifuniro moyo.