Kudziwa kalembedwe kamangidwe ka nyumbayi ndi n'komwe zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuchotsedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga, cholinga zomangamanga, mlingo wa mtengo wake luso kuphatikiza ndi zofunika dera malo, nyengo, ndi zina zambiri. Monga tikuonera, sikokwanira kuyang'ana pa nyumbayi, kuti inamangidwa mu kalembedwe wa malemu Kubadwa Kwatsopano kapena Flamboyant Gothic. Kalembedwe mapulani ayenera pamaziko a muyezo okhwima ndi maumboni analogues.
chiphunzitso Scientific kwa gulu la masitaelo a kamangidwe akhala anayambitsa ndi Posachedwapa, m'zaka za m'ma 18, ndipo kodi sichoncho ngakhale munthu wamanga. Anabweretsa chiphunzitso, monga tiyenera kuyesetsa ndi kalembedwe mapulani, ndi German katswiriyo Iogann Vinkelman. Malinga ndi njira zake, tanthauzo katundu nyumba ayenera kuyamba ndi kuphunzira limagwirira kalembedwe mapangidwe, tipitirize kufanana ndi zitsanzo alipo ndipo mapeto mawu abwino. Kovuta ndi zovuta, koma chiphunzitso ali ndi ufulu kulibe.
Mokomera zimene mapulani kalembedwe safuna chotero mokwanira njira sayansi n'chakuti pamaso pa Kubwera kwa Winckelmann, ndi chiphunzitso chake kale masitaelo angapo ndipo iwo anazindikira. Gothic Cathedral wa 12 m'ma AD sangakhoze kusokonezedwa ndi nyumba, anamanga mu kalembedwe Baroque mu zoyambirira za m'ma 18, ndi katswiri mapulani a Kubadwa Kwatsopano sanamvere kwa nyumba oyambirira classicist. Zomangamanga, monga ena luso woona aliyense safunikira pedantry German ndi dryness, ndi mokwanira chosiyana kukhalapo momasuka ndi kusangalala kukongola kwake.
Kwambiri sankabisa mapulani kalembedwe onse alipo - ndi amakono. mbali yofunika ya modernity - kukana mizere molunjika. Kuwongola angularity yomweyo anabwerera ndi nyumba pafupi ndi zachilengedwe, ngati mukufuna, pafupi ndi chikhalidwe. Zosonkhanitsira lapadera kwambiri katswiri mapulani mu Art Nouveau kalembedwe nyumba ndi paki ndi kumanga malo a Gaudi. yomanga zake kotero organically zikugwirizanira chilengedwe kuti ngati si zolengedwa za manja a anthu, ndi wa chirengedwe.
Art Nouveau anatuluka kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19 ndi 20. Ambiri sanali anatengera chifukwa cha apadera ndi zachilendo a woyimba, koma akadali malo ake pa zomangamanga mdziko ndi kale anapambana malo osati utsalira. A modernist ozunguza ndithu Gaudí chokongoletsedwa ndipo kukongoletsa umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri ku dziko - Barcelona, ulendo mumzinda uwu wa maloto a apaulendo zonse. Kwambiri nyumba yokongola mu kalembedwe Art Nouveau lili St. Petersburg, pa Nevsky Chiyembekezo. Izi ndi akale "Nyumba ya woimba", tsopano rapolozhen House Books. Zingerovsky nyumba - imodzi mwa nyumba kwambiri kaso likulu kumpoto.
Pakuti nyumba mu kalembedwe Art Nouveau ku St. Petersburg imagwiranso Vitebsk Station. Ndipo mu Moscow mapulani kalembedwe Art Nouveau ndi zazikulu zazikulu Ryabushinsky pachikhalidwe Schechtel. Izi ndi wamanga luso anamanga siteshoni Yaroslavl mu Moscow. Komanso mu Moscow, muholo Square ndi Metropol hotelo, wazomangamanga Valkot - mmodzi wa zipilala zofunika kwambiri mapulani kalembedwe Art Nouveau.
A kalambulabwalo wa Art Nouveau anali kalembedwe kamangidwe ka classicism. Iye anali rigor wake mu maonekedwe ndi zochita zathu kuti chitukuko cha Art Nouveau. Mofananamo, ngati Baroque ndi Rococo anakhala chifukwa kucheza anthu ndi "kukwapulidwa kirimu" kenako anasamukira kalembedwe Classicist, popanda frills, ndi okhwima classicism unalowedwa womasuka mapulani Art Nouveau kalembedwe. Palibe Liima, izi imakhudzanso zomangamanga. Koma pamaso kutha classicism wake anali mu ankafuna ndi mapulani pafupifupi zaka mazana awiri. Palokha, kalembedwe izi ndi zolondola, zomveka ndipo nthawi yomweyo osati wopanda chisomo. Classicism amamuchititsa chosokonekera, mogwirizana mosiyanasiyana, kuphweka ndi yodalirika, kuti ndi ofunika.
mbali zonse izi zikhoza kupezeka pa zomangamanga wakale. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo anatengedwa osachepera yokongola ndi pazipita geometricity mapulani osati nyumba, koma midzi yonse. aesthetics chakale ambiri anali wokongola, ndi mizinda yatsopano zinamangidwa mu mzimu wa kalembedwe izi mapulani.