Khungu - Ndi chiyani icho? Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro za khungu. Chithandizo cha ntchito

Khungu sizikutanthauza mtundu wina wa matenda a maso, ndi liwu kwa chiwerengero cha matenda amene angathe kuwononga mitsempha chamawonedwe. Chamawonedwe mitsempha - ndondomeko kuti akukamba zambiri zooneka ndi ubongo. Kawirikawiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) khungu chifukwa cha kuthamanga abnormally mkulu mkati diso. Ngati matenda khungu ndi wapezeka mu nthawi, pali mwayi uliwonse kupewa imfa masomphenya. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kuthamanga kwa magazi zingakhudze mitsempha chamawonedwe, imbaenda ku imfa ndi tsankho la masomphenya kapena khungu.

Khungu. Ndi chiyani icho?

Nthawi zambiri, khungu kugwirizana ndi apamwamba kuposa kuthamanga yachibadwa mkati diso. Matenda amatchedwa ocular oopsa. Koma angayambe ngakhale pamene intraocular kuthamanga yachibadwa. Popeza ankalamulira mankhwala a khungu poyamba amachititsa imfa ya masomphenya zotumphukira, kenako zimabweretsa zotsatira sizingasinthe.

zimayambitsa

Disease amalimbikitsa mosalekeza kudzikundikira mandala ocular madzimadzi. Mmenemo kutsogolo kwa diso, ndiyeno umayenda mwa ndimeyi kwa diso ndi Iris. Ngati njira izi oletsedwa kapena pang'ono obstructed ritsa, kuthamanga zachilengedwe achuluke. Khungu kumachitika chifukwa intraocular kuthamanga okwera. Kenako, mitsempha chamawonedwe chawonongeka, ndipo ngati nthendayo akulowa siteji zapamwamba, masomphenya mukhoza kuyamba kuwonongeka.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimakhudza yatsoka matenda?

Kodi kwenikweni zoletsa ndimeyi madzimadzi ndi kuyambitsa kuthamanga si yeniyeni zikudziwika, koma madokotala ndikukhulupirira kuti chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zinthu zotsatirazi zikhoza udindo:

- Diso madontho kuti kuwonjezera ana ndi instillation;

- maso loko ngalande;

- mankhwala ena, mwachitsanzo monga corticosteroids;

- yafupika otaya magazi kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe;

- kuthamanga magazi.

Mitundu ya khungu malinga ndi mfundo za yatsoka

khungu yaikulu amakhala ndi njira tizilombo zikuchitika mu CCP, dongosolo ngalande diso kapena kwa mitsempha chamawonedwe ndi pakutchulidwa m'mbuyomu matendawa alibe kukhalanso. Iwo akuyimira magawo yoyamba ya pathogenesis a khungu.

The chifukwa cha n'zofanana ndi matenda mwina khungu. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Popeza kuti zosayembekezereka wa matenda ndi zotheka pambuyo kuvulala diso, zotupa kapena yaitali mankhwala mankhwala. mtundu uwu matenda amatchedwa khungu sekondale.

The mitundu ikuluikulu ya khungu

1. Open- (aakulu).

Mtundu wa matenda alibe zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro kupatula imfa masomphenya pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo tinganene kuti pang'onopang'ono kuti masomphenya adzavutika zoipa mpaka kalekale pamaso zizindikiro zina zilizonse kumaonekera. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu yofala khungu. Pamene intraocular kuthamanga amakhalabe mkulu, pali mumphangayo masomphenya, amene sakhoza kuona yekha zinthu zimene mwachindunji m'munda pamaso diso. Ngati palibe mankhwala abwino masomphenya akhoza kutayika.

2. kutsekedwa khungu.

Ngati otaya chinyezi mwadzidzidzi oletsedwa, kudzikundikira mofulumira madzimadzi angachotsedwe kwambiri, kowawa ndipo mofulumira kuwonjezeka kuthamanga. Nthawi mwa zizindikiro za mtundu uwu ndi vuto mwadzidzidzi; Pankhaniyi muyenera yomweyo dokotala. zizindikiro ndi monga: kupweteka m'thupi, nseru, amaona masomphenya.

Njingayo-kutsekedwa khungu amakhala ndi zizindikiro mwadzidzidzi monga kupweteka kwa maso, mutu, kuunika kozungulira mutu padziko nyali, ana dilated, imfa ya masomphenya, redness maso. Emergency thandizo kuchipatala ndi zofunika chifukwa chakuti kuukira matenda akhoza limodzi ndi kumalavula ochepa, mwachitsanzo, woyamba ukhoza kwa maola angapo, ndiye kubwerera kwa "wozungulira" yotsatira. Iwo ukhoza mosalekeza. Ngati inu musati muyesere kuti akunde matenda, aliyense kuukira kungachititse imfa kuchuluka kwa masomphenya.

3. kobadwa nako khungu.

matenda obadwa yodziwika ndi chilema pa ngodya ya diso, yomwe kubweza kapena kugwira ngalande zachilendo chinyezi. mtundu uwu matenda nthawi zambiri tinatengera. Zizindikiro monga: ophunzira mitambo, pom'ng'amba, kudziwa kuwala.

4. Secondary khungu.

Mtundu angakhalepo ngati mbali zotsatira choipa kapena matenda monga mathithi, ocular chotupa. Pasanathe khungu sekondale zikadzatha kutenga mankhwala, corticosteroids ndi ntchito.

5. Pigmentary khungu.

Umenewu ndi chosowa kwambiri kuti akhoza chifukwa cha blockage wa dongosolo ngalande diso. Yodziwika pigment leaching mwa Iris ndi kusokonekera ake pakhoma zapambuyo diso.

Kupeza Vuto khungu

matenda Ocular anatsimikiza ntchito okwana diso mayeso zomwe zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

1. zithunzi acuity mayeso view. miyeso Zithunzi mmene mukuona mtunda zosiyanasiyana.

2. Muyeso wa zotumphukira (mbali) view. Imfa ya masomphenya zotumphukira limanenedwa ndi maso ngati m'diso khungu, zizindikiro.

3. Dilated ndondomeko. M'maso m'manda madontho wapadera dilation kuwatenga ophunzira. Kenako maso amaona diso ndi chamawonedwe mitsempha zizindikiro za kuwonongeka ndi mavuto ena diso. Pambuyo yesero ili, masomphenya zikhale amaona maola angapo (pamene akuyesa kulingalira za phunziro la pafupi-mmwamba).

4. Muyeso wa kuthamanga intraocular kwa kudziwika zolakwika. Nthawi zina madontho diso akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito njirayi.

5. Muyeso wa makulidwe corneal. Ndondomeko amatchedwa pachymeter. The maso amagwiritsa madontho wapadera dzanzi diso, ndi Kenako amagwiritsa ntchito ndi funde akupanga kupeza magawo ofunikira diso la.

khungu chithandizo

Mwatsoka, anataya chifukwa matenda, masomphenya kuti kubwera kwa 100%. Ndi chifukwa chake ndi chofunika oyambirira matenda ndi kupewa. Njira zochizira mankhwala, laser trabeculoplasty opaleshoni ochiritsira kapena osakaniza njira pamwambapa. ndondomeko izi si limathetseratu vuto lina lililonse apeze chonse view, koma amatha kusunga mlingo umene ulipo pa nthawi ya mwambo wa mankhwala.

zochiritsira

Mankhwala. Kukonzekera mu mawonekedwe a madontho diso kapena miyala ndi njira ambiri mu chiyambi cha nyengo mankhwala. Kumwa mankhwala zonse zotchulidwa dokotala, m'maso kwa khungu, angathe kuchepetsa kuthamanga intraocular. Zotsatira za mankhwala ndi kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa chinyezi komanso kuthandiza outflow wa madzimadzi ocular.

Musanayambe chithandizo, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu za mankhwala ena kapena zowonjezera, ngati muvomereza iwo, chifukwa ena osakaniza mankhwala osiyana saloledwa.

Kwalamulidwa madontho kwa khungu kapena mapiritsi ayenera kumwedwa nthawi zonse, kokha mu nkhani iyi n'zotheka kupeza zotsatira zabwino, ngakhale kuti pangakhale chowawa. Mwachitsanzo, madontho zingachititse moto ndi redness maso, ngakhale sikuti chinachitika kwa inu kale. Komabe, pakutchulidwa zochitika chowawa ayenera kunenedwa maso, monga kusintha lakuthwa kwa mankhwala amodzi kwa mankhwala wina ndi zina zosatheka. Kupewa zizindikiro zosasangalatsa dokotala anu akhoza kusintha mlingo kapena mtundu wa mankhwala.

Monga tanena, nthawi zambiri matenda khungu ndi asymptomatic, ndipo anthu ena akhoza kuyesedwa kwa kusiya kumwa kapena kuiwala makhwalawa pa nthawi yoikidwiratu. Nthawi zonse n'kofunika kwambiri, mankhwala ayenera kuchitidwa bola ngati kuthamanga diso sadzabwera kubwerera mwakale.

Laser trabeculoplasty. Njira imeneyi mankhwala akusonyeza kuti chikusintha ngalande za nthabwala amadzimadzi. dokotala angathandize kuchita Chinthu ichi nthawi iliyonse osakaniza zakudya mankhwala.

Laser trabeculoplasty imagwiridwa mu ofesi ya chipatala ophthalmic, isanayambe ntchito ntchito madontho kuti dzanzi diso. Ntchito yapadera mandala dokotala kwambiri kuwala mtengo umadutsa disolo. Pa nthawi imene kuwala mtengo zimaonekera pa diso diso, mukhoza kuwona kung'anima kwa kuwala wobiriwira kapena wofiira. Laser mankhwala ali amayaka angapo wogawana spaced kuti kuthandiza kukhetsa madzimadzi.

Mofanana ndi opaleshoni iliyonse, Opaleshoni angathe kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa, monga kutupa, kotero dokotala anu mwina kukupatsani m'maso kwa khungu ndi kupweteka intraocular kutupa. Yotsatira maulendo angapo kuti maso adzangoti anayendera kulamulira kuthamanga diso ndi chikhalidwe ambiri diso.

lililonse chithandizo diso ikuchitika motsatizana pa nthawi imene maso anga onse kufalitsa khungu. Chomwe izo zimachita kwa wodwala? Laser mankhwala aliyense diso ikuchitikira pa masiku osiyanasiyana, ndi kwa masiku angapo kuti masabata angapo, chotero kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mankhwala.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti opaleshoni laser - njira yabwino mankhwala Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo opaleshoni, odwala ena akhoza kuvutika masomphenya. Pankhaniyi, dokotala anu nkhani mankhwala osiyana.

Opaleshoni. Njira imeneyi zimathandiza kuti mabowo ena kwa outflow wa madzi. Kawirikawiri ntchito ngati adasonkhananso pambuyo mankhwala ndi chithandizo ndi opaleshoni laser, ngati sunathetse khungu. Reviews kwa njira ya mankhwala zosiyanasiyana, koma ntchito kumathandiza kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira akufuna, ambiri odwala.

Opaleshoni amatchedwa trabeculectomy ndipo anachita pa outpatient maziko. Pambuyo oyamba a mitsempha dotolo amachita jakisoni kakang'ono mozungulira diso dzanzi. Kenako, chigamba ka khungu kuchotsedwa ndi njira yatsopano chifukwa otaya madzimadzi ku gawo zapambuyo diso danga subconjunctival.

Mkati mwa masabata angapo pambuyo opaleshoni, ntchito m'maso khungu kutumikira kulimbana ndi matenda ndi kutupa.

A ziwayendere bwino ntchito ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga intraocular ali anamuona pa 60-80% odwala. Ngati maso mwapang'ono ngalande pa nthawi, ntchito yachiwiri ukafunidwe. Opaleshoni watsala aluso ngati pali khungu pulayimale ndi sizinachitike ikuchitika opaleshoni diso, monga mathithi.

Nthawi zina pambuyo opaleshoni, masomphenya akhoza poipa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zimene zinali asanachite opareshoni ya. Mwa mavuto anati: zosayembekezereka ya ng'ala, mavuto ndi diso, kutupa, matenda kapena chipsyinjo intraocular ndi otsika kwambiri. Izi kukauza dokotala anu ndipo zachitika dongosolo mankhwala.

Kupewa khungu

njira yabwino yopewera khungu - Kupenda pachaka ndi maso ndi. Zambiri mayesero imachitika pa odwala, amatha kuona kuyambira zopindika diso.

Kodi n'zotheka kuchepetsa kufala kwa matenda? Akatswiri Britain anapeza kuti kwambiri thupi kupereka yaitali kuchepa ocular perfusion kuthamanga (OPP), yomwe ndi imodzi mwa zinthu chiopsezo, yatsoka wakale khungu. OPP - mtengo masamu kuti kuchita masamu pamene kuyeza magazi ndi intraocular.

mayesero Simple ikuchitika pa ndondomeko, diso amatha kudziwa zopindika zisanachitike khungu. Kodi izi zikutanthauza thanzi? njira yabwino yopewera khungu - Kupenda pachaka ndi maso ndi.

Kodi pali ubale zolimbitsa thupi ndi pakutchulidwa matendawa?

Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti ophunzira phunziro amene ankachita zinthu zolimbitsa thupi kwa nthawi yaitali, 25% zochepa atengeke OPP otsika.

"Zikuoneka kuti OPP makamaka ndi khalidwe la boma la dongosolo mtima," - anati phunziro wolemba Paulo J. oterewa, wogwila ntchito ya University College London Institute of pochiza matenda a maso .. - "Sitingathe afotokoze zifukwa, koma, ndithudi, pali kugwirizana pakati pa moyo wongokhala ndi zinthu zomwe azitaya khungu."

Dr. oterewa anapeza kuti akhale yogwira moyo - ndi njira yabwino kwa anthu amene akufuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo khungu osati kokha, komanso zosiyanasiyana matenda ena. njira izi ndi wofunika ngakhale munthu ali obadwa nawo khungu.

Kuwonjezera masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi moyo yogwira, mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda, ngati inu n'kudziphatika kwa ayamikira losavuta: musasute, kukhala ndi kulemera wathanzi, ndipo kokha kuyamwa zakudya zosiyanasiyana wathanzi.