Mapangidwe, Sekondale ndi sukulu
Kodi kudziwa mutu wa malemba? zolimbitsa aligorivimu. zitsanzo
Mu mayesero pa Russian mtundu kawirikawiri "Werengani lemba. Dziwani nkhani yake" ntchito. Zingatanthauze kuti palibe chomwe chingakhale mosavuta, koma pazifukwa zina pa nkhani ofunika "timapunthwa" ophunzirawo ambiri pa nthawi mayeso ndipo ngakhale ophunzira a ku Yunivesite.
tanthauzo
Kuti timvetse mmene kudziwa mutu wa nkhaniyo, muyenera choyamba kuchilingalira icho chiri. Matanthauzo a mabuku, monga ulamuliro, anali kwambiri luso ndi zosokoneza, ndipo komabe chirichonse ndi losavuta kwambiri.
Topic - izi ndi zimene kapena amene lembalo. Zimenezi zingakhale chilichonse - mfundo ya ntchito injini kuyaka mkati kuti biographies A. S. Pushkina. |
Yesani kuchita. Ganizilani mmene inu mukhoza zakambidwa mwachidule ngati mutu wa ntchito otchuka? Nazi zitsanzo zina:
- Ln Tolstoy a "Anna Karenina" - chikondi nkhani ya noblewoman wokwatiwa ndi mnyamata kapitawo Vronsky.
- G. Troepol'skaya, "White Bim Black Khutu" - moyo wa maso galu yemwe anataya mwini wachikondi.
- MA Bulgakov "Mtima wa Dog" - zinachitikira Professor Chiwalitsiro wa galu mtima kumuika munthu ndi zotsatira zake.
- A. Greene, "Chofiira matanga" - moyo mtsikana adzavulala moyo pokonzekera Kalonga, amene, malinga ndi ulosi, ali yopita kwa iye anakwera ngalawa matanga chofiira.
- A. Dumas 'The Musketeers atatu "- ndi Zopatsa a D'Artagnan ndi musketeers atatu, amene anafika ku Paris kuti ndikhale osankhika alonda achifumu.
Monga mukuonera, ngati pafupi mukudziwa chimene chikuchitika mu buku kapena nkhani, mavuto ndi mmene kudziwa mutu wa nkhaniyo, kodi osadzuka. Komanso, nthawi zambiri yankho zoyenera udindo (monga "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", "comrades atatu", "Romeo ndi Juliet", "The Zopatsa Chidwi cha Tom Sawyer").
Mutu mfundoyi, vuto ndi lakuti: kodi pali kusiyana?
Koma tsopano tayamba kwa mphindi yovuta kwambiri. Kodi kudziwa mutu wa nkhaniyo, intuitively akumvetsa mwana, kodi chisokonezo? mfundo ndi yakuti mu mabuku pali lingaliro la "lingaliro zofunika" ndi "vuto Malemba", ofanana kwambiri tanthauzo. Komanso, tsiku ndi tsiku, nthawi zambiri ntchito mmene ofanana.
Kodi kuleketsa kusokoneza mfundo izi? Iwalani yaitali ndi zosokoneza mawu a mabuku lembalo ndi kuyesetsa kumvetsa tanthauzo la mawu amenewa.
| The lingaliro lalikulu (lingaliro) Malemba - izi ndi zimene wolemba akufuna kunena kwa owerenga. Kunena maganizo ndi malingaliro awo, kubweretsa mfundo inayake, amagwiritsa otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, mafotokozedwe osiyana ndi luso luso. Ganizo - ndicho chimene chimalimbikitsa wolemba kutenga cholembera, zozama zolinga za ntchito iliyonse. Umu ndi mmene iye anamva ndipo anamvetsa nkhaniyi. |
| Vuto la lemba - ndi nkhani zovuta popanda yankho limodzi. wolemba kuteteza maganizo anu ndi zabwino komanso zoipa (iwo anafotokoza mfundo zofunika), ndipo monga opambana wowerenga kuganizira. Ndi kutsutsana chozama ichi lagona pa mtima wa mikangano yonse ndi kumenyana mu mankhwala. |
Ndipotu, kumbukirani, kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa nkhaniyi, mfundo zazikulu, ndi vuto lemba la mosavuta. Pakuti mayiko, ife mwapereka zazikulu mu mawonekedwe a tebulo.
| mutu | lingaliro (Basic lingaliro) | vuto | |
| mtima | Zimene zalembedwa mu lemba (zochitika, anthu, zochitika, ndi zina zotero. D.) | Goals ndi maganizo a wolemba - kodi iye akuyesera kutsogolera owerenga | A nkhani lonse, zomwe wolemba limati |
| mafunso otani amene akuyankhidwa | Kodi anauza mu mankhwala? | Kodi ndimaona pa mphindi ino? | Kodi mtundu wa mavuto zikuluzikulu lemba la umatipanga ife ndikuganiza? |
| ndi protagonist ndi ndani? | Kodi angachite ngati uyu ndi munthu wabwino? | N'chifukwa chiyani Ngwazi imeneyi? | |
| Kodi ndi pamene zochitika chichitike? | Kodi mfundo ndi kuchita zinthu izi? | Kodi kulabadira anthu masiku ano? | |
| Features | "Nenani" za zochitika za mankhwala, ikulongosola za malo, m'nkhaniyi, maganizo awo | maganizo anuanu a wolemba, maganizo kwa anthu ndiponso zochitika | Pali mbali osachepera awiri a ndalamayo, ndipo aliyense maganizo kulandira ufulu kulibe |
| Iwo lilibe kuwunika zotengera malingaliridwe | Anyamula Ziwerengero ali wabwino / zoipa, zolungama / zolakwika | Osati womangidwa ku chiwembu ndi ngwazi, sukhala mikangano lonse - achipembedzo, zandale, | |
| Limatchula mfundo - ndani, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani | Zimasonyezanso malo wolemba pa vuto lemba - kodi ndi chifukwa chake, mmene dziko ndi zina zotero .. | Kulankhula mu mawonekedwe a funso | |
| zitsanzo | mu St. Petersburg Yendani | Petersburg - mzinda kumene mabuku akale amoyo tsamba, ndipo aliyense msewu ali nkhani | N'chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira kuona kukongola kwa inu? |
| Chipulumutso pokhala mwana wagalu | Kusamalira abale ang'onoang'ono, munthu amasonyeza makhalidwe ake abwino - chifundo, kukoma mtima ndi udindo | Amene akuchititsa chakuti nyama zambiri m'gulu m'misewu? | |
| Kufunika kwa kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi | Pakuti thanzi la munthu nkofunika kuti chakudya panafika magulu onse a mankhwala - nyama, nsomba, ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, mkaka ndi dzinthu | Kaya n'zotheka Masiku ano kukhala moyo wathanzi? |
"Wamuyaya" mitu
Anthu nthawi zonse kulemba zimene zikuchitika iwo, moti aliyense nthawi zakale ali chosiyana chake mitu. Kotero, tsopano anthu ochepa adzakhala ntchito pofotokoza zochitika za October kuukira boma ndi mavuto moyo serf.
Komabe, kunena za momwe kudziwa mfundo yaikulu ya lemba, tisaiwale kuti pali otchedwa "wosatha" mitu - anthu omwe nthawi zonse, owerenga adzadziwa kuti zimene zinachitikira ndi mavuto:
- chikondi, kubadwa wachifundo ndi kuwawa kwa asiyane;
- Abambo ndi ana (a zipolowe za makhalidwe ndi maganizo osiyana);
- nkhondo pakati pa zabwino ndi zoipa;
- ubwenzi ndi kuperekedwa;
- kusasitsa ndi mapangidwe umunthu - moyo zinthu zimasintha khalidwe ndi maganizo.
Mfundo zimenezi mwina kunachokera pafupifupi m'mabuku. Choncho, akuchita kusanthula ndikuganiza za mtundu wa makhalidwe a anthu ndi mavuto zokhudza wolemba.
Kodi kudziwa mutu wa nkhaniyo mu mphindi 5
1. Re-chamutu. Mu mwina muli maumboni osiyanasiyana amene angatithandize kudziwa zimene timaphunzira mu lemba. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka nkhani yochepa ndi nkhani zimene wolemba yomweyo amapita ku chofunikira kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo kumbukirani kuti maudindo kungakhale associative, zophiphiritsira chabe kapena paradoxical.
2. Phunziro lembalo. Maganizo kusankha kwa chokha mayunitsi zofunika zamalankhulidwe ndi kutifotokozera mmene zikugwirizanirana ndi mzake (nthawi T komanso molondola. D.). Pakuti mayiko, mukhoza likuonetsera dongosolo pang'ono.
3. Lembani maganizo kiyi. Mu ndime iliyonse kuunikila mawu amene muli zambiri zothandiza koyenera kumvetsa zinthu zambiri.
4. kufupikitsa. Tsopano ntchito yanu - kuti "kutaya" cha maganizo onsewa zosafunika. njira Luso, zowonjezera, zovuta liwiro, kanthu. Chifukwa, payenera kukhala yekha mfundo zazikulu ndi mawu.
5. Gawani mawu kwenikweni. Kudziwa mfundo yaikulu ya lemba, muyenera kulemba iwo mu mzati mu ukutsika dongosolo lofunika. Ndiko kuti, poyamba pa zonse kulemba mawu ndi mawu, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kumvetsa mfundo ya lembalo.
6. zopanga mutu. Monga maziko tatenga mawu kuti ife limodzi mu sitepe m'mbuyomu. Mosiyana ndi lingaliro, nkhaniyi ayenera kukhala achidule. Musati kutambasula kwa bwana zonse - Choncho yesani aganyali mawu 5-6 (mwachitsanzo, "Kodi kuphunzira kukhululukira," kapena "Mphamvu ya machilitso ya nyimbo zachikhalidwe").
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