Maphunziro: kuphunzira zolinga, zolinga, mfundo

Education umalamulidwa ndi mwapadera bungwe ndondomeko ya zimene zimachitika pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi ana asukulu, umalimbana ndi kuloŵerera kachitidwe nzeru ndi luso, komanso mapangidwe maganizo a ophunzira, kukula kwa ubongo ndi luso wodzilamulira kuphatikiza mogwirizana ndi zolinga ankafuna.

Zolinga zaphunziro. njira mlingo

Cholinga cha maphunziro - ndi chifukwa cha anakonza kuphunzira zoona, ndi zimene ndondomeko makamaka. IP Podlas amapereka zolinga kusiyanitsidwa kuphunzira pa mbali zitatu:

1. Political: cholinga cha kuchita chinthu mfundo za boma ku maphunziro.

2. Administrative: cholinga ndi njira kuthetsa mavuto padziko lonse ya maphunziro (maiko oyandikana kapena mlingo wa nchito).

3. Ntchito: cholinga imatengedwa ngati ntchito cholinga kukhazikitsa maphunziro mu kalasi makamaka kwa ana ndi zikuchokera makamaka.

Vuto zosiyanasiyana za Zolinga zaphunziro

Maziko a gulu la mfundo zolinga kuphunzira za ndondomeko ndi mfundo zotsatirazi:

1. Wauzimu ammudzi: ambiri / makampani, padziko lonse.

2. The chiŵerengero cha nyumba ya maphunziro, ndi udindo atakhala ndi kukwaniritsa iwo: boma (zinafotokozedwa boma mfundo yophunzitsa) zolinga obschevuzovskie, luso, tchalitchi ndi ena.

3. Ganizirani za chitukuko cha substructures zina za umunthu: kufunika-angalimbikitsire substructure, maganizo, chidziwitso ndi volitional.

4. Kufotokozera Language zolinga: nkhani cilamulo mawonekedwe, nkhani dejatelnostnaja.

Taxonomic njira B. pachimake

Nayenso B. Blum amapereka chandamale chake gulu, kupeza maphunziro. Zolinga zaphunziro anaona mawu a taxonomies yeniyeni (taxonomies). Woyamba umalimbana kupanga taxonomy wa ankalamulira chidziwitso. Pamafunikanso magawo asanu a zolinga:

- kudziwa gulu (poyerekezera ndi nkhani yeniyeni kuti terminology muyezo, mfundo, matanthauzo neri Al.);

- kumvetsa gulu (kutanthauzira, kufotokozera, extrapolation);

- gulu ntchito;

- kaphatikizidwe gulu (dongosolo chitukuko / kanthu dongosolo umboni asapita);

- kuwunika gulu (interconnection ndi mfundo za yomanga);

- kuwunika (chiweruzo zochokera deta zilipo, ndipo i kunja).

The chachiwiri lolunjika pa taxonomy affective dera.

Mfundo za yomanga ntchito yophunzitsa

NF Talyzina akumufunsira dongosolo kusintha Kusankha ndi kufotokoza mavuto lililonse kuphunzira. ntchito izi amaoneka mu utsogoleri wolowezana, pokhala onse ufumu zolinga za maphunziro apamwamba. Mulingo uliwose ali cholinga chake, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa luso tsogolo akatswiri.

mlingo woyamba

Mlingo wokweretsa la utsogoleri wolowezana ndi azikhala ntchito kuti muyenera kukhala wokhoza kuthetsa akatswiri onse, kaya makamaka ntchito ogwira zolinga maphunziro kapena malo ake apadera. Komabe, iwo mwina chifukwa cha khalidwe la lothandiza mbiri. Pankhani nthawi yathu chiwerengero cha ntchito zina ndi:

- zachilengedwe (kuchepetsa zotsatira zoipa chikhalidwe cha mafakitale kapena zinthu zina anthu, etc.);

- kupitiriza vuto dongosolo pambuyo mapangidwe (kuchita bwino ntchito zambiri - kufufuza, yosungirako, ntchito ndi ntchito Al.);

- ntchito zokhudzana ndi khalidwe gulu la mitundu chofala zinthu zamakono (mapangidwe kulankhula mwa gulu, kukonza mapulani ndiponso kukonza zinthu limodzi ndi Kupenda kulunjika kwa chinthu anthu mu ndondomeko yotani zotsatira, ndi ena.).

Mbali yachiwiri

Pa mlingo wachiwiri ndi allocated akonzedwa ntchito zimene zimayenera kukhala zachindunji ku dziko makamaka. Pankhani dongosolo maphunziro zawo, ndipo mwamsanga kwambiri ndi vuto kugwirizana ndi mapangidwe ndi chitukuko ubale msika (kafukufuku msika, maphunziro kuthekera, kusaka mwamuna zoyenera ndi magwero ndalama, Kukwezeleza katundu ku misika zoweta ndi achilendo, etc.).

Komanso pa mlingo anatsindika ndi zolinga za maphunziro okhudzana ndi mavuto mu dera la mgwirizano wa mayiko (miyambo dziko ndi miyambo, chitukuko ndi mtima wololera maganizo a m'dzikolo, kukana udindo mtundu ndi chauvinist, etc.). Pomaliza, cholinga osauka maphunziro a akatswiri amakono ndi mu mapangidwe luso mafakitale-kuthetsa mavuto bwana ndi chuma zikhalidwe umoyo ndale za anthu masiku ano (demokalase ndale, olengeza, kulolera zipembedzo, etc.).

mlingo lachitatu

Mlingo chachitatu ndi voluminous kwambiri ndipo imakhala ntchito akatswiri. Mu mau, ntchito izi anawagawa zitatu zikuluzikulu:

- kafukufuku (luso kukonza mapulani ndiponso zikugwira ntchito kafukufuku munda);

- othandiza (kupeza chifukwa makamaka - kumanga chomera, buku kope, ndi mtima kuchira Al.);

- pedagogical (kuphunzitsa nkhani yeniyeni ku sukulu kapena maphunziro ntchito - mwachitsanzo, pamene pali cholinga cha chiphunzitso chinenero).

Taonani zolinga ndi mfundo za kuphunzira kwa ana a zaka chisanadze sukulu.

zoyamba za maphunziro sukulu ndi dongosolo maphunziro

ntchito Common kuti amaonetsera zolinga kuphunzira maphunziro ndi maphunziro a ana sukulu angathe kusiyanitsidwa motere.

1. Chaka choyamba cha moyo:

- kukhalabe ndi kulimbikitsa thanzi la ana, kuonetsetsa chitukuko zonse thupi, kukhala ndi HIV boma maganizo a mwanayo; kuonetsetsa akafuna tsiku lolingana ndi msinkhu ndi thanzi la mwanayo;

- kupanga lathu zithunzi-aural; kukuza ndiponso kupangitsa zinachitikira kwenikweni kwa ana; luso malankhulidwe wamkulu ndi kukhazikitsa njira kukonzekera kuti asanadziwe mawu yogwira; kulimbikitsa mupezeke kudziona ndondomeko kupanga zinthu khalidwe koyenela, maganizo Kuyankha kukhala amakondwera ndi ana.

- kupanga Background zokongoletsa kuzindikira - chidwi m'zithunzi, nyimbo, kuyimba, etc., kuti mwadongosolo yosanthula zotsatira ..

- amathandiza kuti chitukuko cha maluso a mwanayo, zoyenerera ndi zizindikiro zaka.

2. chaka chachiwiri cha moyo:

- kulimbitsa ndi kuwuma kwa thupi; chitukuko cha dongosolo zoyenda chachikulu;

- mapangidwe luso chiyambidwe cha neatness ndi kudzikonda utumiki;

- mawu ndi mphamvu kufunika kulumikizana; zolimbikitsa ndondomeko chidziwitso (maganizo, chidwi, kukumbukira, etc.);

- mapangidwe luso mpheto ndi zinthu;

- kupanga luso khalidwe chikhalidwe (moni, kusiya, zikomo, etc ...);

- Development nzeru zokongoletsa (kutsindika pa mitundu, maonekedwe, kununkhiza, etc ...).

- chitukuko cha kukoma nyimbo.

3. M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo:

- kulimbitsa thupi; zikhulupiliro za chikhalidwe ndi ukhondo

- mapangidwe zinthu maganizo zithunzi-wophiphiritsa; chitukuko cha njira chidziwitso;

- chitukuko cha imalandira zinachitikira;

- kupanga mfundo zofunika za chipangizo ndi malamulo ake achilengedwe

- chitukuko cha mawu, mawu;

- kulimbikitsa ana kuti tilankhule wina ndi mnzake; kuchititsa timasewero kusewera masewera;

- chitukuko cha kuzindikira luso.

4. m'chaka chachinayi cha moyo:

- kupititsa m'tsogolo za umoyo, kuumitsa wa thupi; linanena bungwe zolondola kaimidwe; mapangidwe ntchito yogwira galimoto;

- chidwi mu moyo wamkulu, kuganizira kwambiri zinthu ndi zochitika za chilengedwe moyo ndi chikhalidwe;

- chitukuko cha luso kugawa elemental, kukkhazikitsa kulumikiza yosavuta pakati pa zochitika ndi zinthu za chilengedwe;

- chitukuko cha liu lanu kuthekera kwa nzeru kumanga ziganizo;

- chitukuko cha wamtsogolo, luso kuti aziona zikuchitika ntchito (mabuku, zojambula, etc ...);

- chitukuko cha zithunzi pulayimale masamu (chimodzi / ndi kuchuluka, zambiri / zochepa neri Al.);

- kutchukitsa ndi maganizo oyenera kwa ntchito;

- chitukuko cha chidwi osiyanasiyana masewera, Mpikisano gulu;

- chitukuko cha luso zokongoletsa ndi nyimbo.

maphunziro thupi mu dongosolo kuphunzira mwanayo

Kulimbikitsa thanzi la mwana ndi waukulu lofunika chigawo chimodzi cha ndondomeko maphunziro ku misinkhu yonse zaka, zomwe kudziwa chitukuko ndi maphunziro. Zolinga zaphunziro mwachindunji mu ndondomeko maphunziro zingasiyane. Monga muyezo adzachita zaka osiyanasiyana, komanso limatchula za nkhani inayake maphunziro. Pankhani yeniyeni maphunziro thupi, palibe yofanana yeniyeni. Pankhaniyi, cholinga cha maphunziro - makamaka mapangidwe njira dziphunzitsiranso (zoteteza-dziphunzitsiranso mphamvu - mankhwala, thupi, etc.) Ndipo kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira mwanayo.

Zinthu zimene kuchepetsa chitetezo cha m'thupi la mwana ndi monga: njala, kutopa, maganizo, kuphwanya boma la tsiku. Zinthu zimene zingachititse chitetezo cha thupi: kuyenda pa mlengalenga, tempering, mokondwerera maganizo.

Choncho, ntchito mphunzitsi wa kuthengo umenewu udzakhala pa dzanja limodzi, kuti n'chongoletsa ndi muchepetse pa kukula zinthu mwana kufooketsa chitetezo cha thupi; ndi pa zina - mu chitukuko ndi kukondoweza kwa kumatenda ndi dziphunzitsiranso mphamvu m'thupi la mwana likuvutika zakudya bungwe bwino thupi dongosolo oipa, ndi yabwino maganizo nyengo, etc., kupewa matenda opatsirana ndi aakulu, komanso kupewa zoipa ndi makonzedwe a choyamba chisanadze mankhwala .. kuthandiza. N'kofunikanso kuti kuganizira peculiarities wa chilengedwe imene mwana, kugwilizana ndi mfundo za ukhondo mu dongosolo, umalimbana maphunziro.

Zolinga zaphunziro, mfundo ndi zolinga Choncho ndi zovuta umoyo-pedagogical zovuta chifukwa mwachindunji limatchula za dera la maphunziro, zotsatira sikhala, komanso umoyo-mbiri nkhani.