Kodi kuima makapu ndi mmene kwenikweni otchedwa?

Kulimba makapu wayamba lingaliro bwino za m'nyumba iliyonse, kaya ndi banja kunyumba kapena Bachala nyumba. Izi Chili ubwino wa chinthu yaing'ono kulemera - amathandiza kusunga pamwamba pa matebulo, decorates mkati, zimakhalanso zotsika mtengo, ndipo ngakhale akutumikira monga collectible.

Mu dziko lathu, chidwi Chikhalidwe ichi wayamba yekha kukula, pamene mu West, othandiza ndi yotchipa chowonjezera ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali. Komanso, chinthu ichi lili ndi mbiri yake, komanso mfundo kupanga. Komanso panali kumbali ya makapu ndi? Monga dzina la chowonjezera komanso zimene zikhoza kupangidwa? Timaphunzira kwa ulendowu mwachidule mu mbiri.

Coasters, moto, kapena birmat tatsek?

Iwo likukhalira kuti coasters makapu ndi dzina - coasters. Mawu amenewa kuchokera bierdeckel German, kutanthauza "kwa kapu mowa." Zingaoneke, zimene chivundikiro kumeneko? nkhani zonse miyambo yofala ya XIX m'ma Germany pafupi tankards chimakwirira kuteteza kumwa tizilombo ndi fumbi. Only kwa anthu olemera chivundikiro anapanga malata, ndipo sanali zochotseka, pamene nzika zochepa olemera yokutidwa zidutswa mowa wozungulira mwake. Ndi pa coasters izi anamva moŵa umakhala nthawi zina anapereka kuchotsa chithovu chatsanulidwa.

lingaliro kuika chikho pamphasa kuti amva chinyezi owonjezera asangalatsidwa ndi Germany kuti 1893 iwo okhala ndi bwino wa madzi-kungolandira makatoni coasters. Kotero apo birmat kwa English beermat (mowa - mowa, mphasa - mphasa). Imani chikho mowa amathanso adzatchedwa tatsek (mu Czech). Koma ngati tikulankhula za chikho wamba, chimene chimafuna thandizo pansi otentha, nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito mawu moto (ku England. Coaster), kutanthauza "mphasa chikho."

Chifukwa ntchito coasters?

Kulimba makapu ndi zinchito kwambiri chowonjezera. Kukhitchini wotsogola amatha chidutswa ngati mipando kuika kumvera pa kulankhula palibe kapena kuwonjezera chitonthozo. Komanso, osati pamalo onse amatsatirabe kukamaomba chinyezi kapena kutentha, kotero coasters zingathandize kuletsa mwadzidzidzi kuwonongeka kwa tebulo. Kutetezera zimakhalapo zotheka ndi kuchoka makapu pa galasi ndi pamalo utoto.

Mbali ina yaikulu kuti ali coasters anagawira kumwa establishments - ndi kuwagwiritsa ntchito chida malonda. Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma XIX, anaona mmene deta chiwopsezo kupereka maganizo zosangalatsa kuti munthu akuona kwa zakumwa. Atanena izi mu diso kudzadzipeza kuima makapu a. Photo kusindikiza pa maimidwe - mpweya wa modernity, koma mowa mtundu mayina ndi mabungwe ayamba kuika coasters kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, pambuyo koitanira nyota za nkhani imeneyi sitingalephere kukambapo.

Maonekedwe ndi zipangizo

Kulimba choyambirira pansi chikho, mu mawonekedwe imene ife litsezrim tsiku lililonse, anali chidapangidwa kuchokera ku katoni mbamuikha ku bwalo ndi m'mimba mwake pang'ono kuposa 10 cm ndi 5 mm makulidwe. Today, opanga ndi amisiri kunyumba tsiku lililonse akubwera ndi nthandala latsopano yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yonse ya zipangizo. Ndipo ngati kampani zimene zimapangitsa coasters mafakitale mowa kapena m'ntchito kumwa, ayenera kuganizira mfundo hygroscopic ndi wochindikala, kwa coasters mkati makapu palibe zoletsa ndi envisaged.

Pali mitundu iwiri chachikulu cha mitundu coasters - kumodzi ndi zovuta. Zambiri kungakhale kuzungulira ndi lalikulu coasters, koma mitundu zovuta zosiyanasiyana polygonal, yokhota kumapeto kali ndi mu mawonekedwe a silhouettes wa nkhani. Komanso lero, kuima makapu ndi - sikungokhudza chidutswa cha nsalu anamvera. The chowonjezera chingapangidwe kuchokera ku chilichonse: nkhuni, miyala, dongo, zikopa, zipolopolo, galasi kapena Nkhata Bay. Coasters kapena kuluka pogwiritsa ntchito opukutidwa sibu magawo.

Tegestologiya

Lero, yaima pansi makapu - izo ndi osati chidutswa zinchito mipando kapena chida malonda. Ambiri kusiya kusonkhanitsa coasters, ndi chizolowezi ichi kwambiri nthawi ndi khama. N'zosadabwitsa kalasi chotero anatulukira boma Latin mawu - tegestologiya (kuchokera ku mawu tegetis - «mphasa»), pokhala iwo eni wokha ali kutchedwa okhometsa tegestologistami.

Ambiri tegestologistov amakhala ku Germany, kunyumba chowonjezera. Iwo, mu zaka za m'ma XX izo analengedwa ndi kampani wapadera wotchedwa "okhometsa Chalk mowa" ndi udindo padziko lonse. Zibonga tegestologistov lofala UK komanso Wales ndi Australia. Pali mitundu ingapo ya okhometsa coasters Mwachitsanzo, ena kungofuna ceramic kapena anamva coasters.