Kodi mungatani kuti mutenge mchere?

Pofuna kupeza acetylene kuchokera ku methane, m'pofunika kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwala ophera madzi. Tisanayambe kuganizira, tidzakambirana mbali zina za hydrocarbon.

Zizindikiro za acetylene

Dothi lopaka mafuta, lomwe limayimilira kalasi ya unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkynes). Imakhala yowala kuposa mpweya, imasungunuka bwino m'madzi. Mmene maselo amadziŵira ndi C ₂ H ₂ , omwe amapezeka kwa onse a CnH ₂ n-2. Pachilomboka amaonedwa kuti ndi mankhwala othandizira mankhwala, pambali pake akuphulika kwambiri. Pofuna kupewa zoopsa, zimasungidwa m'matangi a zitsulo osindikizidwa, kuwonjezera makala pamoto.

Kukonzekera ku alkanes

Kuwonongeka kwa methane kunatulutsa acetylene. Izi mankhwala anachita ikuchitika ntchito chothandizira, amapezeka pa okwera kutentha. Chinthu choyambirira ndi woimira woyamba wa pulasitiki. Mu mahydrogenation, kuphatikiza pa acetylene, hydrogen amapangidwa.

Poyankha funso la momwe tingapezere acetylene kuchokera ku methane, tikhoza kuimira momwe mafananidwe akuchitira mu mawonekedwe:

2CH4 = C2H2 + 3H2

Njira ya carbide

Mukhoza kupeza acetylene kuchokera methane kapena kutenga calcium carbide ngati chiyambi . Njirayi imakhala pansi pazochitika. Pomwe mgwirizano wa calcium carbide umagwirizanitsa ndi madzi, sikuti umangopangika kokha, komanso calcium hydroxide (hydrated laimu). Zizindikiro za mankhwalawa zimakhala mpweya wosinthika (kuthamangitsa kwake), komanso kusintha kwa mtundu wa yankho pamene phenolphthalein yawonjezeredwa ku mtundu wofiira.

Pamene kachipangizo kamene kali ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu choyambirira, fungo losasangalatsa limayang'aniridwa pakapita. Zimafotokozedwa ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala omwe amachititsa poizoni, monga phosphine, hydrogen sulphide.

Kuphwanya mankhwala a mafuta

Pakalipano n'zotheka kungotenga acetylene kuchokera ku methane. Njira yaikulu yopangira mafakitale otchedwa alkynes ikuphwanya (splitting) ya ma hydrocarboni. Mukapeza acetylene kuchokera ku methane, ndiye kuti ndalama zamagetsi zidzakhala zochepa. Kuwonjezera pa zipangizo zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo, lusoli limakopa olemba magetsi a hydrocarbon ndi kuphweka kwa zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira ya methane yotaya madzi.

Pali njira ziwiri zomwe mungachite kuti mugwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwewo. Njira yoyamba imachokera ku kutumiza kwa methane kupyolera mumagetsi amodzi otentha mpaka madigiri 1600 Celsius. Zipangizo zamakono zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zowonongeka ziziwoneka bwino. Njira yachiwiri ya kumwa mankhwala a methane kuti apange acetylene ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, yomwe imapangidwa ndi kutentha pang'ono kwa alkyne.

Zitsulo zopangidwa ndi acetylene sizingakhale ndi zipata zamkuwa, popeza bronze ili ndi mkuwa. Kugwirizana kwa chitsulochi ndi acetylene kumaphatikizidwa ndi kupanga mchere wambiri.

Kutsiliza

Acetylene panopa imagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera osiyanasiyana. Ndizofunika zopangira za kaphatikizidwe ka ethanol, mapulasitiki, rubbers, acetic asidi. Oyimira a kalasi ya alkynes amafunidwa pamene akucheka ndi kutsekemera zitsulo, monga kuwala kwazomwe zimapangidwa.

Pa maziko a acetylene kaphatikizidwe ka mabomba, ogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma detonators. Moto wolimba umawoneka mu okosijeni wa mpweya uwu mumlengalenga. Methane imakhala yamtengo wapatali mu makampani amachitsulo. Kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsira ntchito ngati chiyambi chopanga acetylene, imadyeredwa mochulukirapo monga chilengedwe cha hydrocarbon mu mafakitale a mafuta. Pamene ikuyaka, kutentha kwakukulu kumatulutsidwa.