Cathedral mzikiti wa Bibi Khanum: kufotokoza, mbiri ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Ili mu Samarkand Bibi-Khanum - wapadera kamangidwe ndi achipembedzo chipilala cha m'ma XV, yemwe ali mmodzi wa zokongoletsa yaikulu ya mzinda Asian wakale. Mbiri ya yomanga kachisi uyu yatulusa ena nthano wowerengeka.

chokongoletsera Samarkand

Wotchuka Samarkand Bibi-Khanum inamangidwa ndi dongosolo la Tamerlane (Timur) amene anabwerera kuchokera ku ntchito yapadera wopambana India mu 1399. Turkey mkulu anasankha malo kwa yomanga ake. Choyamba, analamula kukuza malo msika (amene ali malo ake, ndipo uko kunali mzikiti waukulu mumzinda lonse).

Bibi-Khanum ndi chidwi chifukwa ntchito pa nambala yaikulu aluso ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana Asian: Golden gulu, India, Persia, Khorezm. Okwana pafupifupi 700 zinali zotani, 500 amene ankagwira ntchito ku mapiri (iwo wodula boulders yaikulu miyala makilomita 40 kuchokera mumzinda). Pakuti zoyendera zipangizo ntchito Indian njovu. nyumbayi anamangidwira wa njerwa. Pomanga ntchito kokha zipangizo bwino yaiwisi - Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu ankafuna kukhala moyo chipilala mzikiti a m'nthawi yake.

ndimalota Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu

Bibi Khanum zinali zofunika kwambiri Tamerlane. Nthawi zonse analimbikitsa omanga ndi akatswiri. Great Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu anapanga udindo kugwilizana ndi mfundo za yomanga angapo akazembe ake zigawo. Chifukwa ndi losavuta kumva, gulu la mapulani kale analenga kakang'ono chitsanzo mzikiti. ntchito agawidwa magawo angapo: nyumbayi yofunika kwambiri Chipilala zipata, Arcade ndi mpanda. Pakuti aliyense wa zinthu izi kukumana ena mukupanga ntchito.

Nthano ya mkazi wa Tamerlane

Tamerlan kawirikawiri ankakhala pansi. Analamulidwa yomanga Bibi-Khanum, anasiya Samarkand nalowa kampeni yaitali motsutsa Ottoman Sultan. Panthawiyi ntchito anapitiriza mwachizolowezi. Amadziwika kuti mzikiti latsopano Timur zoyenera mkazi wake Sarai mulyk Khanum. Iye anakhalabe Samarkand n'kumachita kuyang'anira ntchito yomanga m'malo mwa mwamuna wake. Ndi dzina amagwirizana ndi nthano akale a Bibi-Khanum.

Imodzi mwa nthano otchuka ali kuti wamanga kuyang'anira Chipilala cha zipata, anali mu chikondi ndi Saray mulyk Khanum. Iye mwadala yaitali yomanga chifukwa sanafune kunena tiwonana kwa mkazi wake Tamerlane. Kotero kuti panatenga zaka zingapo. Ndi nthawi iyi yaikulu mzikiti a Bibi Khanum Munapezatu minaret ndi woyera nsangalabwi mizati (panali limodzi ndi theka zidutswa chikwi). Yomanga ndi nditangomaliza, inu kutseka Chipilala cha zipata za. Koma pa siteji yotsiriza ya chilakolako anthu pang'ono mosatsata Samarkand imodzi zokonda zake zazikulu.

mkwiyo Timur

Iwo unadza mu 1404. Tamerlane kuchokera ku nkhondo yake ndipo posachedwapa Samarkand. Saray mulyk Khanum mofulumira wamanga mapeto Chipilala. Mnyamata adamfunsa mphoto kufika. Iye ankafuna kumpsompsona mfumukazi. Mkazi wa Tamerlane kupereka mafani kusankha mmodzi wa chokongola khoti ndipo anawonjezera kuti akazi onse mofanana wokongola. Monga umboni wa chiphunzitso chake mfumukazi anapereka wamakani dazeni mazira wachikuda ndi analangiza petitioner kuyeretsa iwo kuonetsetsa umunthu wawo mkati.

Koma sizinathandize. Bibi-Khanum anaimabe chiimire yosatha, ndi Tamerlane tsiku lililonse anali ukuyandikira ku Samarkand. Wazomangamanga analimbikirabe. Pomaliza, Yokhetsedwa-mulyk Khanum akugwetsa n'kulola mafani kumpsompsona m'masaya mwake. Anakhudza milomo anali amaonekera, zomwe yomweyo chidwi ndi kubwerera Tamerlane. Great Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu analamula kuti akakole wopanda khalidwe, koma kodi sakwanitsa kupeza izo.

Old ndi zipata zatsopano

Anafotokoza nthano za Bibi-Khanum okongola, koma nkomwe ali chirichonse chochita ndi chowonadi. Poyamba, mkazi wa Tamerlane pa nthawi yomanga anali pafupifupi zaka 60, amene akana chiphunzitso za kukongola wawo. Kachiwiri, ngati olemba umboni, Timur anali kwenikweni mtima, koma osati chifukwa cha mwano wa katswiri wa zomangamanga, koma chifukwa cha otsika (monga izo zinkawoneka kuti Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu) zipata. Atalephera kupirira udindo wawo wa m'banja lachifumu, amene "anamanga m'ma", anaphedwa mu September 1404.

Pa lamulo la Tamerlane zokayikitsa pakhomo zipata anawonongedwa ndipo anamanga ina mu malo ake, ngakhale zambiri otchuka. Kunyumba, Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu anali kudwala. Iye sakanakhoza kusuntha paokha, choncho analamula atumiki ake kuti agwire ku malowo. Mfumu analimbikitsa antchito kuti kuwaponya mu nyama dzenje ndipo ngakhale ndalama. Posachedwa Chipilala zitatha, ndipo Bibi-Khanum anayamba kutenga okhulupirira. Koma arches kuleza mtima, ndiye vuto la chivomezi inagwa patangopita zaka zochepa pambuyo yomanga. Mwakale kuti salinso anayesa. Komanso mosatsata chipilalachi, mzikiti wataya ukulu wake.

kapangidwe

Bibi Khanum - malire luso nyumba luso la m'zaka XV. Pamwamba kutsegula chapakati Anam'samutsira Chipilala wamphamvu ndi kale lonse. A zipata chachikulu ndi nsangalabwi zoyera. Master ntchito mitundu isanu ndi iwiri ya zitsulo kupanga chipata polowera (kuphatikizapo golide ndi Siliva) Kumanga kutalika anafika mamita makumi anai, nsonga yake chokhala ndi yaikulu mzikiti awiri.

A malo apadera anali bwalo bwino, atazunguliridwa ndi gulu la mizati zazikulu, poyera mizere anayi. Apa panali chamasana Lachisanu mapemphero ambiri a Asilamu Samarkand. Zikwi okhulupirika imakonzedwa pa mphasa zawo mu mthunzi wa mizati woyera, anali pamaso zazikulu za mgwirizano wa achipembedzo ambiri anthu.

chizindikiro cha mzindawo

M'tchalitchi chachikulu cha mzikiti wotchuka anali kwambiri moti ngakhale magetsi a chandeliers ambiri nyali sanathe kuthetsa mdima wake. Pa phale makoma anapuma ambiri kalirole. Kuganizira dzuwa, anapereka mzikiti m'mlengalenga wapadera. Izi nkhambakamwa kuwala zinachititsa kuti chakuti mzikiti azure (utoto mtundu wa thambo) ndi minarets nsanja yowala nzeru maonekedwe. Mkati, makoma anali chokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsa florid ndi Zithunzi nsangalabwi. Lero iwo kupitiriza Timasangalalanso m'maganizo. Painting pa pulasitala ndi nkhuni chosema komanso anapulumuka nthawi yathu.

Medieval olemba ndakatulo ndi kuti poyerekeza chitsanzo Chipilala Bibi-Khanum ndi Milky Way ndi mapu a nyenyezi. Chipinda yokha anapatsidwa zowulutsira chodabwitsa. Ngakhale imams chete kulalikira chisokonezo kudutsa kutalika kwa mitunda ndi linamveka zikwi Asilamu nawo mizikiti mapemphero tsiku. Malingana ndi mwambo wa Chisilamu, mbuye scribbled mkati ndi kunja makoma a kachisi ndi mawu a Koran. Palibe kukayika kuti Bibi-Khanum, linali likulu la chipembedzo mu Samarkand. Kusintha nyengo, mafumu ndi maboma, ndi kokha adakhala izi wofanana.

malo a chikhulupiriro

Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya Bibi Khanum - ndi mihrab. Izi kagawo kakang'ono pakhoma, chokongoletsedwa ndi Chipilala ang'ono ndi magawo awiri. Monga mu mzikiti ena alionse, mihrab Bibi-Khanum zikulozera ku mzinda woyera wa Mecca Asilamu. Mu kagawo kakang'ono ichi kale anapemphera imams. Ndi analogi kapena Mkhristu guwa apse.

Chinthu chapadera wa Bibi-Khanum monga kumsikiti - pamaso pa minbar lapansi. Mu dipatimenti imeneyi Imam ikamawerengedwa Lachisanu ulaliki. The mwambo zinachitika mu chete watunthu. Wokhulupirika anamvetsera mwatcheru mawu a Imam ndi lolunjika pa ulaliki wake.

Mosque ndi Mausoleum

Bibi-Khanum anatenga okhulupirira kwa zaka zambiri ngakhale zivomezi zonse ku Central Asia. Kwa zaka nyumbayi sanathe lawola, koma mpingo anatha kusunga chimodzimodzi ena ambiri wapadera zowoneka za Samarkand. Mmene restavrilovali Bibi-Khanum ali masiku palokha Uzbekistan, monga mwa makoma ndipo Interiors wa gulu loyimba, amene akupitiriza Timasangalalanso ndi ukulu wake ndi exclusivity. Akuluakulu kusamalira chipilala za mbiri ndi lero. Kuika chomaliza kubwezeretsa ndi kumanga panatha chachikulu (1968 -. 2003 gg). The zofukulidwa wa ofukula anapereka sayansi zambiri zakale zamtengo wapatali. Lero, mzikiti akupitiriza kulandira alendo. yachipembedzo ikuchitikira, koma nyumbayi wasanduka owonetsera zakale zofunika. The gulu loyimba mapulani chimakwirira kudera la 18 zikwi mamita lalikulu.

Pamodzi ndi mzikiti inamangidwa ndi mausoleum a Bibi-Khanum, limene lili mwachindunji kudutsa kwa iye. M'manda opezeka komaliza kwake malo okhalamo akazi ku banja Tamerlane a. Choyamba m'manda mu mausoleum wa mayi Saray mulyk Khanum. Timur inamangidwa pa manda payekha banja, amene anali ku mbali ina ya Samarkand.