Mtundu khungu - ndi chiyani ichi? Mayeso khungu mtundu. Galimoto chilolezo, ndi mtundu khungu

Ngakhale ngati inu simunayambe anakumana ndi munthu amene sangathe kusiyanitsa mtundu uliwonse, ziyenera ananena kuti mtundu khungu - ndi matenda a masiku ano. M'gulu la anthu dziko akhoza kukhala mtundu wakhunguyo si anthu okha. nyama zambiri ndi "nayo" khungu mtundu. Mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe si bwino wofiira ndi oopsa zolusa monga mikango ndi akambuku, zodziwika kokha buluu ndi wobiriwira. Mofananamo ndazindikira mitundu amphaka ndi agalu. Walruses, gulu la anamgumi amitundu musati kusiyanitsa mitundu ndi kuona dziko pa iye mu utoto.

Bwanji mitundu zonse zilipo diso?

The diso kwa diso anthu - ndi zovuta, multifactorial thupi la chida, amene otembenuka nzothandiza kuwala ndipo imathandiza kuwona chinthu maonekedwe enieni ndiponso ndi mithunzi yonse ya mtundu. Timapereka ndi cones kuwala tcheru munali pigment udindo tanthauzo mtundu. Anthu, pali mitundu itatu ya kachipangizo kuwala ili diso, wotchedwa cones. Uliwonse - akonzedwa enieni inki mapuloteni. Kulankhula chilankhulo sayansi zolakwika, aliyense wa cones awa ndi amene maganizo a mtundu makamaka: wofiira, wobiriwira ndi buluu mithunzi. Ngati komwe ya inki mapuloteni palibe, munthu watha kutha kuzindikira mtundu wina. Ntchito bwinobwino, onse atatu masensa wozindikira miliyoni mithunzi ya mtundu, koma awiri - yekha 10 000 (nthawi 100 zochepa). Mtundu khungu - kupatuka mwakale, pamene akusokoneza chimodzi kuwala kachipangizo.

Anthu amene ali mtundu akhungu, pafupifupi sakuzindikira mitundu, koma mukhoza kuzindikira mtundu kuwala kapena malankhulidwe, ozizira kapena otentha. Mtundu wakhunguyo si nthawi zonse kudziwa za matenda ndiponso osaganizira kusiyana kwawo mu maganizo a mmene anthu ena akumvera. Zimenezi zimawathandiza pamtima. Kuti chikumbukiro ndi kuwala kuwalola kuweruza mtundu makamaka ndi kuyerekeza ndi phale lina.

Mitundu ya khungu mtundu

Mu khungu mtundu palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina pa kubadwa zosakwana zitatu cones mtundu. Choncho, gulu la anthu a mtundu kuzindikira:

• trichromats (yachibadwa, cones onse atatu inki mapuloteni ntchito mu diso).

• dichromate (zikugwira ntchito cones ziwiri zokha; zikumuvuta kuzindikira mithunzi ambiri).

Ndi kupatuka anatsimikiza pa Dzhon Dalton, Chingerezi zachilengedwe ndi loyamba khungu malingaliro awo okha ku mfundo za sayansi view. Iye anangowuzidwa ankachitira dichromates gulu pamene ofiira ndi obiriwira amaoneka kuti osiyana mithunzi ya bulauni ndi chikasu. ntchito yoyamba pa mtundu khungu D. Dalton analemba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII.

• monochromat (ukugwira ntchito mtundu umodzi wokha wa phirilo limene nkhani cheke khungu mtundu limasonyeza kuti za mitundu anthu samadziwa dziko lonse ndi wakuda ndi woyera kwa iwo).

trichromats nthenda

Pali zolakwika ndi anthu amene diso umaperekedwa ndi masensa onse atatu kuwala, ndipo, mwakuwoneka, mitundu yonse ayenera kumwedwa. vuto angagone mu otchedwa zolephera mtundu. mfundo ndi yakuti, Choncho, kuwala tilinazo wa masensa diso malo amene amachititsa maganizo a mtundu winawake ayenera alipo wina ndi mzake, kwenikweni uniformly. Zimenezi zimathandiza diso kuzindikira zina zabwino zonse mu kusintha kwa mtundu wina ndi mzake, kwa buluu ndi wobiriwira, kuchokera wobiriwira chikasu, kuchokera zachikasu lalanje ndi pa. Pamene tilinazo zoni kosangalatsa (superimposed pa wina ndi mzake), iwo anayamba kukangana magawo mithunzi, mitundu woyera zokha. ubongo wayamba kusokonezedwa ndi kuyamba tione mitundu monga imvi yosavuta. Zimenezi zimatchedwa zitatu mtundu masomphenya nthenda.

kobadwa nako mtundu khungu

Tsankho kapena wathunthu kulephera kusiyanitsa mitundu - ndi kudwala kwa (n'kukhala zambiri) cholowa kapena kugula.

kumtundu colorblindness - recessive cholowa kugwirizana ndi kudwala kwa X khromozomu, kawirikawiri matenda omwe tinalandira kwa mayi wa mwanayo.

Monga ziri zodziwika bwino, mkazi wosabadwayo - sing'anga awiri X DNA. Koma yachibadwa mtundu kuzindikira ndithu wathanzi X khromozomu. Pa chikhalidwe atsikana likukhudza Koma ngati pamene mtundu khungu kwambiri moyo wa mayi ndi bambo. Koma mu nkhani iyi, malinga ndi malamulo a chibadwa colorblindness mu akazi okhaokha, omwe khromozomu wina ku jini akhudzidwa ndi chosaoneka onyamula mukhoza kupita ndi cholowa kwa mwana wake. Koma si zichitike. Jini khungu mtundu akhoza opatsirana ngakhale mibadwo ingapo. Kachiwiri anthu wamwamuna kazinji kene mbagwa malo angozi.

Malinga ndi kafukufuku, colorblindness mu akazi chili okha 0.1% ya milandu. Pakati pa anthu, mtundu khungu 8%. Mu chinthu khungu cholowa - ndi, monga ulamuliro, ndi kudwala ndi maso onse awiri, osati kupata ndi nthawi.

Mtundu khungu anapeza

Mfundo yaikulu kulimbikitsa kupeza khungu mtundu, nthawi mwachindunji kapena ayi zokhudzana kapena kuvulala ubongo kapena kuwonongeka kwa diso la diso. Nthawi zina chifukwa mu concussion mwana akhoza kenako zimakhudzanso mtundu maganizo. Kuwonjezera zoopsa paubwana ndiponso zinthu zina zingasokoneze kupeza khungu mtundu:

• Ukalamba.
• kuwonongeka diso chifukwa zoopsa.
• matenda Concomitant ocular (khungu, maso ndi ena.).
• Mankhwala amene anali mavuto.

Kupeza Vuto colorblindness. kuyezetsa

Mtundu khungu - ndi kupatsidwa kuti inu mungotenga. Iye sali ankachitira. Izi zili chimodzimodzi ngati khutu nyimbo: munthu ali, ndiponso amene alibe. Simuyenera kuchita kudzipatsa matenda. Ngati inu munazindikira kupatuka mtundu maganizo pa nokha ndi ana anu, muyenera kuona katswiri. Pali njira chotsimikiziridwa kudziwa mtundu khungu ndi maso.

1. Kuyesedwa Rabkin (polychromatic tebulo).

Tikuyesa khungu mtundu pa mayeso amenewa ikuchitika kumaona magome amene amasonyeza manambala osiyanasiyana kapena makalata. Angathe kuwaŵerenga kusindikizidwa chithunzi ntchito mawanga wachikuda, zofanana kuti tisiyanitse ndi kuwala. The chifukwa mayeso mudzakhala mphamvu ya mayeso kuti tikupeza, mu zithunzi anakhumba manambala kapena zilembo.

2. Mayeso Ishihara.

A mayeso ofanana mu maonekedwe a matebulo, kulola molondola kwambiri chimatanthauza zolimbitsa, digiri choopsa cha mtundu khungu ndi achromatopsia. Pali kope zonse za mayesero amenewa matebulo 38. Iwo ntchito mwa ophthalmologists akatswiri.

A Baibulo adzafupikitsidwa wa matebulo 24 ntchito kuyezetsa mofulumira pamene wolembedwa ntchito yakulipidwa maofesi oyang'anira tauni, ndege. Palinso mwachidule apadera Nsanja ya magome 10 ana chisanadze sukulu ndi anthu osaphunzira. M'malo zilembo ndi manambala matebulo awa ntchito fano mosiyanasiyana zojambula ndi mizere osiyana.

Mtundu Khungu ndi munthu chivomerezo

Kulephera kuchita akhoza zokhudzana kusankha ntchito ya mtundu wakhunguyo, n'kofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, malamulo ntchito kuti kudzinenera kumene udindo moyo wake kapena ena. Colorblind sadzayanjidwa usilikali sangakhale ndege ndege, madalaivala a magalimoto malonda ndi akatswiri. Pakuti mokakamizidwa mayeso zachipatala pachaka awa ntchito, ndi kuloŵa ntchito akatswiri. Ngati munthu pa kafukufuku chowululidwa khungu, mu ntchito ya wake zikuchepa yafupika. Iye akhoza nawo maphunziro ongolankhula akatswiri achinyamata muofesi ntchito yokhudzana ndi luso lawo.

Mtundu Khungu ndi laisensi yoyendetsera

Ngati zina kudzinenera khungu - ndi chiweruzo, ndiye kupeza laisensi zoletsa ntchito konse. Nkofunika maganizo akatswiri.

Galimoto chilolezo, ndi mtundu khungu - zosiyana n'zogwirizana ndithu, koma pokhapokha mapeto a maso ndi. Only dokotala Mzimuyo mtundu ndi mlingo wa khungu mtundu, chotero, lamulo mtima kusamalira galimoto munthu. Colorblind mukhoza kupeza "A" chilolezo ndi "B" imene ndithu kukhala pamaso pa chilemba "Popanda ufulu ntchito."

Kuthandiza colorblind

Asayansi nthawi zonse kupereka latsopano zachipatala "zapamwamba" kuti angathe kuchepetsa mavuto a anthu olumala. Iwo likukhalira kuti ngakhale kuti madokotala sangakhoze kukonza phirilo-masensa zinayamba kutheka kumukonzanso ubongo kukonza maganizo a mtundu. Today pali magalasi apadera kuti ndi yopapatiza kawalidwe n'kupanga kungoti "odulidwa" magalasi ndi mitundu koyera anasiyanitsidwa ndi mzake. Mfundo kumapangitsanso Mosiyana amalola ofiira, buluu ndi wobiriwira mitundu ndi kusakanizidwa.

Science wathandiza anthu ambiri colorblind kuona mitundu, kuli zomwe iwo sankadziwa ngakhale: wofiirira, wowala wobiriwira ndi ofiira owala.