Chilamulo cha chilengedwe chonse

Pa mtunda wa masiku ake, Newton adanena kuti zonse zinachitikadi. Anayendayenda m'munda wa zipatso wa apulo wa makolo ake ndipo adawona mwezi mumlengalenga. Ndiyeno, pamaso pake, apulo amachokera ku nthambi ndipo amagwera pansi. Panthawiyi, Newton anagwiritsa ntchito lamulo la kuyenda, adadziwa kale kuti kugwa kwa apulo ndikogwirizana kwambiri ndi mphamvu yokoka. Ankadziwanso kuti Mwezi umasinthasintha, ndipo sungakhale pamlengalenga, kuti umakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu inayake yomwe imaigwiritsa ntchito mumtunda uwu, osalola kuti iwonongeke ndikupita kumalo osatsegula. Anali pa nthawi ya kugwa kwa apulo Isake asanadze: kugwa apulo, ndi kukhala mu mphambano, mwezi umakakamizidwa ndi mphamvu imodzi. Chilamulo cha ku Newton chithunzithunzi cha dziko lonse chinali pafupi ndi kupezeka.

Tiyeni tiyang'ane kumbuyo. Galileo ndi oyambirira ena a Newton amaphunzira kuyenda kwa matupi (mofulumira mofulumira) omwe amagwa pansi. Zanenedwa kuti chodabwitsa ichi ndi chachibadwa komanso chilipo padziko lonse lapansi. Kepler ndi anzake akutsutsa kuti m'madera akumwamba malamulo ndi osiyana, osati onse omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe ka Padziko lapansi. Zonse zotsutsana zikuwombera pansi ku zakuti matupi a kumwamba , chifukwa cha ungwiro wawo, akuyenda mozungulira kachiwiri, chifukwa cha ungwiro wawo. M'mawu ena, mphamvu yokoka inagawidwa m'magulu awiri: padziko lapansi (opanda ungwiro) komanso kumwamba (wangwiro).

Ndipo kuzindikira kwa Newton kunagwirizanitsa mitundu yonse ya mphamvu yokoka m'maganizo mwake. Tikhoza kunena kuti mphindi ino yakhala mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo kugawidwa kwabodza (Padziko lapansi) ndikupanga (chilengedwe).

Zotsatira za mawerengero a Newton tsopano akuwoneka ngati awa: lamulo la chilengedwe chonse. Tanthauzo la izo likuti: pakati pa matupi awiri mu chilengedwe chonse pali mphamvu yogwirizana. Lamulo liri mu mawonekedwe a equation:

F = GMm / D2,

M ndi m - amatanthawuza misala ya thupi limodzi ndi lachiwiri, D - mtunda wa pakati pa matupi awa, F - mphamvu yokopa. G apa ndiyomwe imayesedwa, ndipo imayesedwa, ndipo ngati iwonetsedwa mu zigawo za SI, ndi 6.67 × 10-11.

Koma lamulo la kugwidwa kwa chilengedwe chonse limafuna zolemba zambiri. Choyamba, kuchitapo kanthu kwake kumaphatikizapo matupi onse a thupi m'chilengedwe chonse. Mwachitsanzo, buku lomwe mukuwerenga, mofanana ndi lanu, limagwiritsanso ntchito mphamvu yogwirizanitsa, yofanana mozama koma mosiyana ndi njira. Mphamvu ndi yaing'ono ngakhale zida zovuta, koma zimakhalapo ndipo zikhoza kuwerengedwa. Chitsanzo china ndi kukondana pakati pa inu ndi quasar yomwe ili kutali kwambiri, yomwe imachotsedwa ndi zaka zikwi mabiliyoni. Zokakamiza izi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa momwe zinaliri kale, koma zilipo.

Chachiwiri, mphamvu yokoka padziko lapansi imakhudza matupi onse pa chiyeso ndipo nthawi iliyonse. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yomweyi ikugwiritsani ntchito, yomwe mungathe kuwerengera mwachitsanzo yomwe ili pamwambapa, mumamva kuti ndiwe wolemera. Dulani chinachake. Ndipo chinthu ichi chidzafulumira padziko lapansi nthawi yomweyo. Galileo ndiye anali woyamba kuyesa mtengo woyesera woyesera wa kufulumizitsa kwa zochitika pafupi ndi dziko lapansi. Kumbukirani kalata g ya equation? Koma kwa Galileo izi zinali zoyesedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo malinga ndi Newton kufunika kwake (kufulumira pa kugwa kwaulere) kungatsimikizidwe mwa kulowetsa misala ya Dziko (M) ndi malo ake (D) mu njirayi. Nkhani ya kuyeza kwa Galileo imakhala mawerengedwe a masamu a Newton.

Chachitatu, lamulo la chilengedwe chonse limasonyeza ndikufotokozera momwe dongosolo lathu (Solar), malamulo a Kepler, akufotokozera zotsutsana ndi kayendetsedwe ka dziko lapansi, zikhoza kuchotsedwa. Kwa Kepler mwiniwake, malamulo awa anali olongosola - asayansi amangowonongeka mwachidule mu ma masamu. Mu dongosolo lalikulu la dongosolo la dziko lapansi, malinga ndi Newton, malamulo a Kepler omwe adalandidwa ndiwotsatira mwa malamulo a makina ndi lamulo la chilengedwe chonse. Apanso, tikuwona kusinthika kwa mfundo zovomerezeka zomwe zimapezeka pamlingo umodzi, kuti zikhale zomveka zomveka bwino ndikusintha kupita kumalo ena.

Kodi iye anauzidwa kwenikweni ndi Newton pamtunda wa zaka zake? Kodi anali kunena zoona za zimene anapeza? Palibe zikalata zochitira umboni kapena kuvomereza kuti vuto la mphamvu yokoka Newton linkagwira ntchito panthawiyo komanso kwenikweni, ayi. Monga mukudziwira, zolemba zimayambira ndipo zatayika. Ndipo zimadziwikanso kuti Newton anali munthu wosasangalatsa komanso wodabwitsa kwambiri, choncho pang'onopang'ono ankakhudzidwa ndi kuika patsogolo zofunikira mu sayansi pambuyo pake. Choncho, kuti awonetsere choonadi, kumverera koopsa kwambiri, anali mkhalidwe wake weniweni.
Kotero chikhalabe funso: bwanji, atatha kufalitsa lamulo lake la chilengedwe chonse mu 1687, kodi anatsegulira mu chaka cha 1666? Nchiyani chinagawanitsa zaka 20 izi?