Kodi ndalama aakulu, ndi mmene kuwerengera izo?

A cholinga chachikulu cha mwamtheradi mtundu uliwonse wa dongosolo malonda ndi kupeza malo ake mu msika, kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro komanso kuzindikira ogula. mfundozi kutumikira azipeza phindu lalikulu, potsata ndalama lalikulu. ndi ndalama aakulu chiyani? Kodi kuwerengera izo? ndi limagwirira mapangidwe ake chiyani? Izi mfundo Nkhani unsembe analongosola, komanso magwero a ndalama aakulu, mfundo za kufalitsidwa ake ndi kukonza mapulani ndiponso Inde, ubale ndi siyana monga phindu.

Lingaliro la ndalama aakulu

ndi ndalama aakulu chiyani? Mawu amenewa ayenera kumvetsa ndalama okwana dongosolo makamaka kwa mwamtheradi mitundu yonse ya bizinesi ndipo ntchito pamaso msonkho ndalama kuchokera kuti usapite ku mtengo mankhwala. malipiro msonkho awa ayenera VAT, msonkho excise ndi ntchito miyambo ndi misonkho. Motero, ndalama lalikulu la mtundu ogwira ntchito yopanga masamu pamaziko a ndalama aakulu ochokera kugulitsa mankhwala.

Ndalama aakulu dongosolo lililonse akutumikira monga maziko ake a zachuma, womwe bungwe yankho chidwi kwambiri mavuto. Choncho, ambiri a ndalama mutu wa bungwe ndi gwero la chipukutamisozi mwamtheradi onse a mtengo wake mu nthawi yapano, mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi bizinesi. A njira yothetsera vutoli amaperekedwa, makamaka pankhani ya kudziletsa thandizo la malonda, dongosolo.

vuto ndi chiyani?

KUFOTOKOZERA zimene ndalama lalikulu, muyenera kuphunzira ntchito yake. Kuwonjezera ndime pamwambapa, chifukwa mavuto anathana ndi thandizo la zotsatirazi kuyenera kuphatikizapo:

• A chiwerengero chachikulu cha dongosolo ndalama aakulu ndi gwero lake, kulola mwaluso bungwe kupereka misonkho. Izi zipangitsa mapangidwe ndondomeko, onse mlingo anthu ndi makonsolo. Ndi chifukwa ichi kwathunthu akwaniritse udindo wake ndalama nyumba boma.
• Mwamwayi, likutchedwa ndalama ndi olimba a amakhala ndi zizindikiro ziwiri izi: mlingo wake ndi kuchuluka. Ndipo pambali, ndalama aakulu ndi ndalama za kampani lagawidwa magawo angapo. Choncho gawo la dongosolo ndalama aakulu ndi gwero la chilengedwe cha phindu lake. Ndi kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a ndalama chitukuko m'dera la kupanga zolimbikitsa zinthu ogwira ntchito, malipiro zofuna chikhalidwe, kusunga ndalama ndi zina zotero. Kuchita ntchito imeneyi kulinganiza bwinobwino kudziletsa ndalama za nyumba chidzachitike m'tsogolo.

chizindikiro

Kodi ndalama aakulu, ndi mmene kuwerengera izo? Monga momwe taonera, ndalama aakulu - osati kuti zina, monga ndalama movutikira ndi wazamalonda ndi chifukwa cha kugulitsa mankhwala awo. Izo zimatengera makhalidwe kachulukidwe katundu anagulitsa misonkhano, komanso mitengo awo. Kodi kuwerengera chizindikiro ichi? The ndondomeko ya kulenga anathetsa ndalama mankhwala mtundu ukufanizidwa ndi chilinganizo zotsatirazi:

VD = kugulitsa mtengo wa mankhwala * mankhwala ambiri.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti mlingo wa ndalama kuchokera kugulitsa mankhwala tingasonyezere ndi koyefishienti wa profitability:

Mu (drp.f) = aakulu ndalama kwa malonda mankhwala / buku la malonda la mankhwala mu nyengo ilili.

Nthawi zambiri Komanso kuyembekezera chizindikiro china chotchedwa phindu ukonde. Kudzera inu mukhoza kutenga ndi ndalama lalikulu:

Gross ndalama = ukonde ndalama + chiwerengero cha misonkho, zilango ndi chidwi.

The ndondomeko ya kupanga ndalama aakulu

Iwo m'pofunika kuganizira mapangidwe lonse la aligorivimu ankaona kuti index nkhani:

1. Kapangidwe, umene umabala mankhwala makamaka kuyambitsa ku msika wa katundu.
2. mankhwala pang'ono ndi pang'ono kuyambira kusangalala kwambiri ndi wamkulu ankafuna kugula. Motero, kampaniyo ali dwi pa msika.
3. Ogula kugula katundu kapena ntchito ya utumiki makamaka.
4. Kapangidwe amalandira malipiro ndalama.

kusanthula

Mu ndime yomaliza zifika ndalama analandira mwa ntchito kampani chuma kudzera kukhazikitsa 1-3. Zinali iwo amene munapanga kampani aakulu ndalama. Koma tisaiwale kuti ndalama yomwe imabwera mu manja a dongosolo chifukwa malonda oterewa gawo chabe la ndalama izi, chifukwa aumbike, monga tanena kale, kudzera revenues n'kotheka.

Mwa iwo kukhala anapeza ndalama za inshuwalansi operekedwa ndi makampani onse kuthandiza kwa anthu kapena mabungwe alamulo, banki chidwi, mfundo zopangira zisankho Kapangidwe ka gawo la, malinga ndi mapangano yapita, ndalama analandira chifukwa cha wotuluka ndi masheya (magawo, mgwirizano ) ndi zina zotero. Tsatanetsatane pa nkhani ayankhidwa m'nkhani yotsatila.

ndalama Gross

Choncho, chiwerengero cha ndalama aakulu imakhala ndi malo awa:

• Cash, amene analandira chifukwa cha mayesero (zinachitikira Nkhata a).
• Zilango ndi chidwi, amene amalipira dongosolo ena a bungwe lalamulo (osachepera - thupi).
• Makhalidwe atengedwa pano waikamo malinga ndi pangano anasaina.
• The gawo la ndalama kuchokera ku kampani nkhokwe inshuwalansi (monga ulamuliro, adzabwezedwa kapena ntchito kwa cholinga chake).
• Tithandizeni mawu ndalama.
• ndalama analandira mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ankachita. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi ndi lopeza kapena chidwi pa ngongole.
• Cash analandira kuchokera kugulitsa masheya.
• Bank chidwi.
• Chimaposa inshuwalansi.

Zinthu zokhudza kuchuluka kwa HP

Palibe azenga ndi chakuti ndalama lalikulu la dziko ndi nyumba munthu mu malo oyamba zachokera ogula chidaliro. The apamwamba mlingo wa kukhulupirira, anthu ambiri kupeza mankhwala. Komabe, pali zinthu zina ndi ofunika kuti kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama aakulu. Pakati pawo:

• Factor kupanga. Pansi pake kufunika kwa mankhwala khalidwe mwachindunji ndi mtengo wake. Komanso, zotsatira zake zomalizira Matanthawuzo zimakhudza mphamvu kupanga dongosolo ndi chiwerengero kwaiye chifukwa cha mankhwala.
• malonda china. Iye anaganiza kupereka yobereka kudya, kukonzekera ntchito zolembedwa zogwirizana mosamalitsa ndondomeko zinthu zotchulidwa mu mgwirizano, komanso gulu woyenera ntchito mmene kukumana poyerekezera ndi malonda. onsewa kwathunthu kuonetsetsa kukwaniritsa ntchito pazipita poyerekezera ndi ndalama aakulu.

zinthu zina

Tikumbukenso kuti pali zifukwa zimene zimakhudza Mlengi sangathe. Izi N'koyeneranso zotsatirazi:

1. Compliance ndi mawu a ndikupeleka kwa wogula (kapena osakhala kugwilizana).
2. A mwayi yake kulipira ogulidwa ndi makasitomala.
3. nyengo.
4. Pakalibe ena zolakwa kulemekeza makonzedwe zoyendera (kapena chilichonse).
5. Kuchedwa mu ndondomeko ya potsegula kapena katundu katundu.

Pomaliza, tisaiwale kuti kuchuluka kwa ndalama aakulu makamaka zimadalira mtengo ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala amene akhala akuyendera. Komanso, chifukwa ndalamazo bwino bwanji mfundo za malonda, makhalidwe a mankhwala (kawirikawiri Mkhalidwe) ndi luso wogulitsa ndi wogula chidaliro.