Kodi olekerera, ndi zimene tikudziwa iwo

Kwa zaka zambiri, aliyense gawo la anthu mu ndondomeko kutsatira zofuna zawo, ndipo pamapeto pake "helm" a boma anthu amene akhoza kudzapeza azolowere zinthu zina. Mu moyo ndale za dziko unachita yaikulu olekerera udindo. Iwowa ndi ndani? Choyamba, awa ndi anthu amene anali kumbali amphamvu kusintha, ife nthawi zonse kulimbikitsa patsogolo ufulu ndi kumasulika.

Kwa amene sanamvepo za amene ali olekerera, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba za iwo ikunenedwa mu Europe kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 17-18th. Iwo anali sanabadwe kuyenda umoyo ndale, imene inkatchedwa "liberalism." Pambuyo pake, lidzasinthidwa mfundo yamphamvu. Mtengo waukulu olekerera anali inviolability cha chuma, ndale yapachiweniweni ufulu.

M'chinenero Russian mawu "liberalism" ali ku mapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18. Iwo anamasuliridwa kuti "ufulu kuganiza". Panthawi imeneyi, ndipo woyamba olekerera Russian.

The English translation cha mawu amenewa poyamba anali apamtima zoipa - "acquiescence", "timathawa kuphatikizidwa", koma patapita anatayika.

Ndipo komabe, amene ali olekerera, ndi chimene maganizo ndale anachita? Monga kale anatsindika, mtengo wapatali kwambiri kwa iwo ndi ufulu ndi kumasulika. Komanso, iwo anali mu chisomo cha chuma payekha, pamene zikulimbikitsa ufulu ntchito.

Pamwamba anthu gulu landale unakhazikitsidwa ngati chodzitetezera ndi nkhanza ndi zobwera ya akuluakulu a Mpingo wa Katolika ndi mafumu wankhanza. olekerera ndi ndani? Iwo amene amakana mfundo za ena mfundo za chilengedwe cha boma, ndicho chakuti ndi mafumu ndi mafumu "wodzozedwa wa Mulungu" mu ufumu. Iwo amakayikira chakuti chipembedzo - ndi choonadi, "lomaliza achisangalalo".

Amene alibe lingaliro pang'ono amene olekerera khalani ndi chidwi kudziwa kuti anthu awa kuteteza mfundo za kufanana kwa anthu onse pamaso pa lamulo. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti aboma nthawi zonse tiyenera kukauza anthu pa ntchito.

Pa oimira yemweyo nthawi ya liberalism amakhulupirira kuti akuluakulu ayenera ayi asagwiritse ufulu wa anthu.

Omwe mawonedwe pa mphambu uyu anali English olekerera. mfundo zawo Ieremiya Bentam ankanena kuti ufulu ndi kumasulika - kanthu koma mwiniwake wa kuipa. Koma iye anapitirizabe kutsatira mfundo zimenezo zimene salola kuti munthu wina pansi chifuniro cha wina.

"Galimoto roughshod pa anthu - umenewu ndi mlandu weniweni. Musati muchite izo, ndipo inu adzabweretsa phindu lalikulu kwa anthu ", - anatsindika Bentham.

Tikumbukenso kuti liberalism maonekedwe zimenezi mwachangu kuteteza maganizo a zipani ndi kulemekeza mfundo za demokalase pa kayendetsedwe ka dziko. Pankhaniyi, ufulu wa ing'onoing'ono ndi ufulu, ndi zina zigawo anthu ayenera mosamalitsa anaona. Komabe, olekerera amakhulupirira kuti boma ayenera tsopano kumvetsera kwambiri nkhani za chikhalidwe.