Mkuntho - ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Development, gulu, ntchito yamabingu

Mkuntho - ndichiyani? Kodi kugaŵa thambo ndi mphezi oopsa bingu? Mkuntho - ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Mphezi otchedwa kukha magetsi akhoza kwaiye mkati mitambo (cumulonimbus) kapena pakati pa mitambo ndi pamwamba pansi. Iwo kuchita zambiri ndi bingu. Mphezi kugwirizana ndi mvula, mphepo wolemera, ndipo nthawi zambiri ndi matalala.

ntchito

Mkuntho - ndi chimodzi mwa zochitika zoopsa kwambiri zachilengedwe. Anthu chidwi ndi mphezi kupulumuka pokha pokha lakutali.

Pa nthawi yomweyo amachita pa dziko 1500 thunderstorms. zimatulutsa mwamphamvu akuti alipo mphezi pa mphindi.

Kufalitsa thunderstorms Padziko Lapansi m'goli. Mwachitsanzo, pa maiko a nthawi 10 koposa nyanja. Ambiri (78%) a kukha mphezi wambiri mabacteria ndi yamphamvu ndipo otentha. Nthawi zambiri izo mulibe mkuntho mu Africa Central. Koma zigawo kumalo ozizira (Antarctica, Arctic) ndi mizati mphezi pafupifupi silingaone. Mphamvu ya mkuntho, zikuoneka, chikugwirizana ndi thupi wakumwamba. Cha m'ma M'madera a zitunda za pachimake masana (masana) maola kwa chilimwe. Koma osachepera izo mayina dzuwa lisanatuluke. Kodi zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Madera amphamvu kwambiri mkuntho zili ku HimalayasI ndi Cordilleras (phiri madera). Zosiyanasiyana za chiwerengero pachaka "masiku mkuntho" mu Russia. Mu Murmansk Mwachitsanzo, iwo ndi zinayi zokha, Arkhangelsk - fifitini Kaliningrad - khumi, Peter - 16, Moscow - 24 Bryansk - 28, Voronezh - 26, Rostov - 31, Sochi - 50, Samara - 25, Kazan ndi yekaterinburg - 28, Ufa - 31, Novosibirsk - 20 Barnaul - 32, Chita - 27 Irkutske ndi Yakutsk - 12 Blagoveshensk - 28, Vladivostok - 13 Khabarovsk - 25, Yuzhno - 7, Petropavlovsk - 1.

chitukuko yamabingu

Zikuyenda bwanji? Thundercloud aumbike yekha akamaziwononga. Amafuna pamaso chinyezi umayenda kupita m'tsogolo, kapangidwe udzakhala kuti pamene kachigawo mmodzi wa particles ali mu mkhalidwe ayezi, wina - mu madzi. Convection, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti chitukuko cha chiphaliwali, kumeneko pa nthawi yochepa.

1. M'goli Kutentha zigawo pamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, pa madzi, ndi yokulirapo kusiyana kutentha. Pa mizinda ikuluikulu mkuntho mwamphamvu adzakhala pang'ono wamphamvu kuposa madera ozungulira.

2. Pamene chimakankhira ozizira mpweya otentha. Front msonkhano zambiri akufotokozera imodzi ndi Ponseponse ndi Nimbostratus mitambo (mitambo).

3. Ndi akutsikira mpweya m'mapiri. Ngakhale okwera yokhala patsogolo mtambo mapangidwe. Izi amakakamizidwa convection.

thundercloud aliyense, mosaganizira za mtundu wake, chofunika kudutsa magawo atatu: cumulus, kukhwima siteji ya kuwonongeka.

Gawo

Mabingu nthawi zina imene ikudziwika kokha mu malo chidwi. Anawagaŵa Mwachitsanzo, kalembedwe, m'dera, kutsogolo. Tsopano mkuntho zimagawidwa ndi ntchito, malingana mapangidwe nyengo imene kukhala. Updrafts anapanga chifukwa Kusakhazikika mumlengalenga. Kulenga mitambo ili ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu. Ndi makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri a utuluke amenewa. Malinga makulidwe awo ndi kukula anapanga, motero, osiyanasiyana mitambo yamkuntho. Iwo agawidwa?

1. Cumulonimbus odnoyacheykovye (m'deralo kapena vnutrimassovye). Ndi matalala kapena ntchito chiphaliwali. Miyeso yopingasa wa 5 kuti 20 Km, ofukula - 8 mpaka 12 Km. "Anthu" ndi mtambo ola. Pambuyo mphepo nyengo akhala pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

2. Mnogoyacheykovye limodzi. Apa ukulu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri - mpaka 1000 Km. Mnogoyacheykovy limodzi chimakwirira gulu la maselo namondwe zosiyanasiyana mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko, ndipo nthawi yomweyo ali m'modzi. Kodi iwo ntchito? maselo okhwima yamabingu zili pakati pa kuvunda kuti - kuchokera mbali leeward. Kandachime kukula angafikire 40 Km. Limodzi mnogoyacheykovye mkuntho "kupereka" mphepo (squally, koma mphamvu), mvula, matalala. Kukhalako kwa selo okhwima yochepa kwa theka la ola, koma m'bulu okha sizingapereke "moyo" kwa maola angapo.

3. ukuwa mzere. Komanso mnogoyacheykovye thunderstorms. Iwo akutchedwanso liniya. Iwo akhoza kukhala olimba, ndi lisaoneke. Mphepo gusts ndi yaitali (patsogolo). Mnogoyacheykovaya mzere kufika zikuoneka kukhala mdima mpanda wa mitambo. chiwerengero cha ulusi (onse uplink ndi downlink) ndi waukulu ndithu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ngati kuipidwa a thunderstorms anawagawira monga Mipikisano khungu, ngakhale mphepo ndi dongosolo losiyana. Ukuwa mzere akhoza kupereka mvula kwambiri ndi matalala lalikulu, koma "zochepa" amphamvu sniskhodyaschimi utuluke. Kawirikawiri chitadutsa kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo ozizira. Mu zithunzi, dongosolo umenewu ndi mawonekedwe a uta wopindidwa.

4. Superyacheykovye thunderstorms. Pali amenewa kawirikawiri chiphaliwali. Iwo ali oopsa kwa chuma ndi moyo wa munthu. Mtambo dongosolo akufanana odnoyacheykovym popeza onse amasiyana zone wina upflow. Koma iwo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Superyacheykovoe mtambo - lingamutsatire - pafupifupi 50 kuchokera mu utali wozungulira, kutalika - mpaka 15 Km. Malire angakhale mu stratosphere lapansi. mawonekedwe kakufanana limodzi theka-zozungulira Chipala. Kumtunda mlingo ndi apamwamba (60 m / s). Mbali khalidwe - pamaso pa kasinthasintha. Kuti amalenga oopsa, zochitika kwambiri (zikuluzikulu matalala (oposa 5 cm), ndi tornados yowononga). Chinthu chachikulu cha zinthu ozungulira ndi mapangidwe mitambo chonchi. Ndi msonkhano amphamvu kwambiri ndi kutentha 27 ndi variable mphepo malangizo. zinthu zimenezi zidzachitika pamene mphepo kukameta ubweya mu troposphere lapansi. Aumbike mwa updrafts, mpweya umasamutsidwa ku zone pambuyo pake, amene amapereka moyo wautali mtambo. Mpweya yakusatetezeka kugawa. Yamvumbi ali pafupi matalala kumtunda ndi - uli chifupi ndi kumpoto kum'mawa. Kumbuyo kwa mphepo ya akhoza kwawo. Ndiye zone owopsa ali pafupi ndi riser chachikulu.

Pali mfundo "mkuntho youma." Ichi ndi chinthu chosowa, khalidwe la chakum'mawa kwa. Woterowo mkuntho palibe mpweya (chabe samafuna ukuphwera chifukwa cha kutentha).

kayendedwe liwiro

Ife olekanitsidwa thunderstorms ndi pafupifupi 20 Km / h, nthawi zina msanga. Ngati yogwira amadzibisa ozizira, liwiro mwina 80 km / h. Ambiri a mikuntho wakale bingu m'malo mwa maselo atsopano. Aliyense wa iwo ali ochepa mtunda (a dongosolo la makilomita awiri), koma ukuwonjezeka akaphatikiza mtunda.

electrification limagwirira

Kodi zippers okha? milandu magetsi padziko mitambo ndi mwa iwo wangayo. Zimenezi ndi zovuta ndithu. Chophweka njira zolembera chithunzi ntchito ya milandu magetsi m'mitambo okhwima. Iwo umalamulira pa iwo dipole dongosolo positive. Kodi izo ndi anagawira? Mlandu zabwino ili pamwamba ndi zoipa - pansi, mkati mumtambowo. Malinga ndi ganizo loperekedwa zofunika (malinga ngati mungathe kuganiza kuti m'dera pang'ono-ankafufuza za sayansi), particles wambiri kuposa zikuluzikulu amakhala zoipa mlandu, ndi ang'ono ndi kuwala mlandu positive. Kugwa woyamba mofulumira kuposa otsiriza. Izi zimapangitsa okhudza malo milandu kulekana danga. limagwirira Izi imayendetsedwa ndi kuyesa zasayansi. Adzalandira amphamvu mlandu kutengerapo particles ndi ayezi kapena matalala mbewu. Ukulu ndi chizindikiro kudzadalira okhutira madzi mitambo, kutentha (yozungulira), ndi kugunda mathamangidwe (zinthu zazikulu). Osati lilibe zotsatira za njira zina. Kumaliseche kumachitika pakati pa nthaka ndi mtambo (kapena kuti mlengalenga ndale, kapena ionosphere). Atanena izi taona kudumpha kudzera kung'anima kumwamba. Kapena mphezi. Zimenezi limodzi ndi peals mokweza (bingu).

Mkuntho - ndi ndondomeko zovuta. Kuphunzira zingatenge zaka zambiri, mwina zaka ngakhale.