Kodi sintha madoko FTP? Kodi FTP-doko?

madoko FTP ali lero wosasintha wa deta kudzera Intaneti zosiyanasiyana TCP, kuphatikizapo Intaneti, ndipo saoneka. ndondomeko izi ntchito kawirikawiri zokwanira download onse tsamba kapena zikalata ndi chitukuko patokha zipangizo maseva zosiyanasiyana lotseguka kuchititsa.

Kodi n'chiyani?

madoko FTP zimamangidwa kwathunthu pa "kasitomala-Seva" zomangamanga, motero idzagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana maukonde malamulo wailesi kapena deta pakati pa makina ndi kasitomala. Makasitomala amene ntchito Baibulo ili wa protocol wa angaphunzitse ndondomeko kutsimikizika kudutsa lolowera achinsinsi mu lemba kumveka. Kapena, ngati amaperekedwa ndi kukonza makina amene akhoza kugwirizana mosadziwika. Mwa zina, iwo amapereka kuthekera kwa ntchito SSH protocol, amene amathandiza malo kwathunthu kusintha deta, kubisala achinsinsi ndi malowedwe, ndi zina encrypting nkhani lonse.

A mbiri pang'ono

Woyamba kasitomala ntchito kuti ntchito madoko FTP, ndi zokambirana lamulo mzere chipangizo chimene malembedwe ndi malamulo muyezo chitakwaniritsidwa. The mawonekedwe wosuta mawonekedwe kuchokera nthawi imene yapangidwa zosiyanasiyana kachitidwe opaleshoni, amene ntchito lero, ndipo makamaka ndi Dziwani mwa polumikizira awa, wonse ukonde kamangidwe zipangizo monga Microsoft Kumasonyeza.

FTP madoko lero ndinu mmodzi wa mfundo wamkulu, chifukwa anaonekera mu 1971, pamaso pa TCP / IP ndi HTTP. Poyamba anali kugwiritsidwa pa ntchito yokhayo pa NCP, koma ndi chiphadzuwa ntchito yake mwachangu kufalikira kwa kachilombo zosiyanasiyana mapulogalamu, komanso kupeza chuma akumidzi.

Kodi ndi wosiyana HTTP?

Port FTP kusakhulupirika ndi yowala kwambiri Mbali - Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito polumikizana angapo. Pankhaniyi njira imodzi Pankhaniyi ntchito monga kulamulira, ndipo mwa anatipatsa malamulo Seva ndi mayankho adzabwezedwa kwa izo. Pambuyo njira otsala imagwiridwa mwachindunji kusamutsa mudziwe anakhumba, mmene njira imodzi ntchito iliyonse HIV.

Pachifukwa ichi, ngati inu ntchito kusakhulupirika doko FTP, mu gawo limodzi amapereka munthawi yomweyo kufala kwa owona angapo mu madera osiyana. Popeza njira chinatseguka TCP yake doko, amene amasankha angapo pamanja ndi kasitomala kapena makina basi amasankha, malingana ngati kufala mode ntchito.

ndi ubwino wotani?

mode bayinare ndi inadzaikidwa maziko kutengerapo, ntchito protocol wa FTP. Madoko a mtundu uwu chifukwa ichi angathe kuchepetsa wa pamwamba magalimoto, komanso kuchepetsa nthawi wofunikila kufotokoza mfundo m'kati posamutsa owona lalikulu. HTTP protocol mtundu mulimonse inafunika kabisidwe mudziwe bayinare mu mawonekedwe mawu omwe angathe kuchitidwa Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito yapadera aligorivimu Base64.

Ntchito mfundo doko FTP, kasitomala poyamba anali mbali ya gawo, ndipo zonse ntchito wotsatira idzachitike kale mu izo. M'mawu ena, makina poyamba masitolo zikuchitika ndipo amakhala pa enaake. Pa nthawi yomweyo pamene ntchito protocol HTTP, kukumbukira ngati palibe, monga cholinga cha Protocol izi chabe deta kutengerapo, kenako kwathunthu amaiwala za ntchito. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pamene ntchito HTTP stateful ndondomeko zagwiridwa ndi umisiri zina zomwe Usawasimbire kuti protocol izi.

Kodi ntchito?

The ntchito za protocol wa FTP akuyendera pa ntchito wosanjikiza wa OSI lachitsanzo ntchito popereka deta ntchito TCP / IP. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, poyamba ndikufuna kuthamanga FTP-Seva kuti adzamvera kwa zopempha ukubwera. Ngati kasitomala ayenera kukhala wokhoza paokha kugwirizana ndi makina ntchito doko nambala 21. Dziwani kuti kugwirizana lotsegukabe mu gawoli. Kugwirizana kachiwiri anatsegula Seva doko nambala 20 ku doko kuti akugwiritsa ntchito kasitomala amatchedwa mode ntchito, kapena akhoza adzatsegulidwa ndi makasitomala mwachindunji kwa aliyense doko yabwino kwa lolingana doko Seva. Zimenezi zimatchedwa mode chabe ndi chofunika kusamutsa wapamwamba.

Ntchito otaya ulamuliro imagwiridwa kwa gawoli makamaka. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi amenewa ntchito mwakhama ndondomeko kuwombola pakati pa makina ndi kasitomala mitundu yonse ya mapasiwedi kapena magulu, monga telnet protocol ngati applicable. Choncho Mwachitsanzo, gulu «RETR filename" adzakwaniritsadi kulanda wapamwamba yeniyeni ku makina kwa kasitomala. Chifukwa mapangidwe chotero wapawiri-doko dongosolo FTP kuti tsiku imatengedwa kuti vneshnepolosnym protocol, mosiyana HTTP, amene ali-gulu.

Kodi kukhazikitsa?

Ngati inu simukudziwa momwe kutsegula doko FTP, mungachite ntchito FileZilla gwero motere:

1. Poyamba kuthamanga lokha FileZilla.
2. Tsopano tsegulani "Site Manager", ndiye Pop-zenera, dinani batani "New Site".
3. Pa "General" tsamba kulowa: khamu: inu ntchito ankalamulira; mtundu Seva: ndi FTP kapena FTPES (Mpofunika otsiriza), kulowa mtundu, "Normal" kapena "Pemphani achinsinsi" (kachiwiri, mwina otsiriza bwino chifukwa achinsinsi anu sati apulumutsidwe, kuti kuteroko ndi kuika pa athandizira ake); dzina wosuta: kulowa mu mzere uwu wa FTP anu malowedwe.
4. Tsopano kupita item "Choka Zikhazikiko" kenako sankhani chigawo "Choka mode" njira "chabe".
5. Kumapeto pitani pa "Connect" batani.

Tsopano inu kuchita doko kutumiza FTP, kugwirizana wanu kukhazikitsa ndi kusungidwa mu "woyang'anira malo", ndipo mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito pa nzeru zanu.

protocol mosaonetsera

Khamu, amene amathandiza FTP utumiki, ngati n'koyenera, akhoza kupereka owerenga ndi mwayi anonymous kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, mapulogalamuwanso poyamba kugwa monga anonymous. Komabe, tisaiwale kuti dongosolo angakhalenso mlandu-tcheru pa maseva ena. Ngakhale namtindi wa milandu anthu akufunsidwa kulowa adiresi yawo imelo m'malo achinsinsi, mu zenizeni, dongosolo wosachita macheke aliyense, ndipo stepi ino zoona, si kuvomerezedwa.

Ambiri FTP-makamu amene amapereka zosiyanasiyana zosintha pulogalamu, amafuna kukhalabe kuthekera mwayi anonymous.

NAT-PT protocol

Mwachindunji kuti kulola ntchito FTP kudzera firewalls odzipereka, anaganiza ntchito yapadera NAT kusamvana, lomwe limatchedwanso NAT-PT akatswiri. Ndi n'zotheka popanda vuto kusamutsa kugwirizana ndi ukubwera kwa kasitomala kuyambira pa makina, chifukwa m'kati NAT akhoza m'malo mfundo kuchoka kasitomala kusonyeza Seva doko lolondola ndi adiresi imene tidzatha kugwirizana, ndipo amayamba kuulutsa kugwirizana kwa makina ku adiresi kasitomala.

Ngakhale nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu zosiyanasiyana miyeso ndi zaluso kuti anatengedwa kuthandiza FTP, mu kuchita, ntchito NAT-PT amakonda kuletsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana routers kapena routers kuti amateteza zina ndi zosiyanasiyana mavairasi.