Kodi substation magetsi? Magetsi substations ndi machitidwe yogawa

Magetsi akatswiri mukudziwa chimene chimapanga zomera mphamvu ndi substations, kodi iwo ndi m'mene kumanga. Iwo amadziwa kuti kuwerengera mphamvu zawo ndi magawo zofunikira zonse, monga chiwerengero cha motsatana, waya kukula ndi miyeso ya dera maginito. Kuti aphunzitse ophunzira makoleji luso ndi masukulu luso. Anthu ndi maphunziro zothandiza anthu kuzindikira kuti nyumba zambiri amakhala osiyana nyumba popanda mawindo (amakonda kujambula mafani wa zojambulajambula), zofunika powering nyumba ndi mabizinesi, ndi kudutsa sayenera mwa iwo, izi wodziŵa Logos zozizwitsa mu mawonekedwe a zigaza ndi mphezi Ufumuyo zinthu zoopsa. Mwina anthu ambiri safuna kudziwa zambiri koma si kuthetsa.

A pang'ono sayansi

Magetsi - chinthu chimene inu kulipira, ndipo ndi manyazi ngati kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosapindulitsa. Ndipo izi, monga makampani aliyense, zivute zitani, ntchito kokha kuchepetsa imfa chabe. Mphamvu ndi mphamvu kuchulukitsa ndi nthawi, kotero mfundo zotsatirazi zikhoza kugwiridwa ndi lingaliro ili, monga nthawi umayenda zonse, ndipo muyatsenso, monga nyimbo anati, Sikutheka. magetsi, mu chiyerekezo akhakula, wosafuna kutenga nkhani katundu zotakasika, ndi mankhwala a voteji kudutsa pano. Ngati tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, mu njira imagwera mphamvu kutithandiza kuona chiŵerengero cha mphamvu kudyedwa ndi chigawo chake zothandiza otchedwa yogwira. Koma chofunika kwambiri si mwachindunji zokhudzana n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera substation. magetsi Choncho amadalira anthu awiri aakulu ndi malamulo Ohm a Joule, voteji ndipo panopa. Low panopa ndi mkulu voteji akhoza kupanga mphamvu yomweyo, ndi mosemphanitsa, mkulu panopa ndi otsika voteji. Zingaoneke, kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse? Ndipo izo ziri, ndi lalikulu kwambiri.

Kutenthetsa mpweya? Zikomo!

Choncho, ngati ife ntchito yogwira mphamvu chilinganizo, timachotsa zotsatirazi:

• P = U × Ine, komwe:
  
  U - voteji, amayezedwa volts;
  Ine - panopa amayezedwa amperes;
  P - mphamvu, amayezedwa Watts kapena Volt-mikuza mawu.

Koma pali dongosolo lina kufotokoza kale Joule-Lenz, chimene mphamvu matenthedwe ankakhala moyo wotayirira pamene panopa ndi wofanana ndi m'bwalo la ukulu wake kuchulukitsa ndi kulimbikira kwa wochititsa lapansi. Kutenthetsa ozungulira mphamvu mzere mpweya - zikutanthauza kanthu amaika mphamvu. Ndi kuchepetsa zomvetsa zimenezi zingakhale theoretically njira ziwiri. Woyamba payokha kuchepa kukana, mwachitsanzo ndi thickening a mawaya. Ikuluikulu mtanda gawo, m'munsi kukana, ndi mosemphanitsa. Koma nthawi zitsulo komanso sanafune kanthu, ndi okwera mtengo, mkuwa chete. Komanso, wapawiri otaya wochititsa chuma osati kuonjezera ndalama, komanso kuti weighting, womwe zingawonjezere Kuvuta wa unsembe wa mizere okwera. Ndipo thandizo Pakufunika wamphamvu kwambiri. imfa A adzakhala yafupika yekha ndi theka.

chisankho

Kuchepetsa mawaya Kutentha pa kufala mphamvu, m'pofunika kuchepetsa ukulu wa panopa madzi. Ndi momveka bwino, chifukwa kuchepetsa ake ndi theka kungachepetse zomvetsa kanayi. Ndipo ngati kakhumi? Quadratic kudalira, ndiye zomvetsa adzakhala zana zina zochepa! Koma mphamvu ndi "pachimake" yemweyo, chimene chili chofunika kwa akaphatikiza ogula kuyembekezera iye pa mapeto ena a mzere kufala limene likuyenda nthawi zina mazana makilomita ku amagetsi. The ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuwonjezera voteji mu nambalayi wa nthawi yafupika panopa. Siteshoni thiransifoma pa chiyambi cha mzere kufala kuchita zimenezi ndi cholinga. Imachokera waya pansi voteji kwambiri za makumi a kilovolts. Mu mtunda lonse kulekanitsa TPP, opangira magetsi kapena nyukiliya zomera mphamvu m'mudzimo komwe akupita, mphamvu umayenda ndi yaing'ono (ndi) panopa. Ogula amafunikanso mphamvu kuchokera anakonzeratu magawo muyezo zimene zimayenderana dziko 220 volts (380 V kapena interfacial). Tsopano simuyenera kwezani, ngati athandizira ku mzere HIV ndi sitepe-pansi substation. mphamvu magetsi ndi amaperekedwa kwa chipangizo kufalitsidwa kuwala watentha nyumba ndi mafakitale rotors sangathenso makina.

Kodi mu thandala la?

Kuyambira takambiranazi, n'zoonekeratu kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri substation ndi - ndi thiransifoma, kawirikawiri atatu gawo. Pakhoza kukhala angapo. Mwachitsanzo, atatu gawo thiransifoma akhoza m'malo ndi atatu limodzi-gawo. A kuchuluka kwambiri mwina chifukwa mowa mkulu mphamvu. Kamangidwe ka chipangizo izi ndi zosiyana, koma Mulimonsemo iwo ali miyeso chidwi. Kodi mphamvu zapatsidwa kwa ogula, nyumbayi zikuwoneka yaikulu kwambiri. Zida zamagetsi substation Koma ndizovuta, ndipo lili ndi thiransifoma. Palinso zipangizo kusintha ndi kuteteza wagawo mtengo, komanso nthawi zambiri ndi yozizira. mbali ina ya malo magetsi ndi substations limapangidwa switchboards okonzeka ndi kulamulira ndi zida kuyeza.

thiransifoma

Cholinga chachikulu a malo - kubweretsa mphamvu kwa ogula. Asanatumize ndi voteji zofunika kusintha, ndipo atalandira izo adatchithisira mlingo muyezo.

Pakuti onse kuti substation dera magetsi chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu, waukulu wa iwo akadali thiransifoma. Kusiyana chachikulu pakati pa chipangizo mankhwala mu ochiritsira mphamvu unit wa chipangizo chamagetsi banja ndi mafakitale apamwamba mphamvu zitsanzo palibe. The thiransifoma tichipeza windings (pulayimale ndi sekondale) ndi dera maginito opangidwa ndi nsalu ferromagnetic, i.e. zakuthupi (zitsulo), utithandize maginito. The mawerengedwe pogwiritsa - ndi muyezo kuphunzira ntchito kwa ophunzira luso. Chachikulu kusiyana kwa thiransifoma substation izo zochepa zimene analogues loonetsa kusiya kukula, ndi pamaso pa dongosolo yozizira, yomwe ndi ya mapaipi mafuta, basking encircling koyilo. Angagwiritse wa substations magetsi Komabe, sichinthu chapafupi, ngati kuli kofunika kuwerengera zinthu zambiri, kuyambira nyengo kutsiriza ndi katundu khalidwe.

kukoka mphamvu

nyumba osati ndi mabizinesi zimawononga magetsi. Apa onse kufunika bwino kutsatira 220 volts AC ndi ulemu basi ndale 380 kapena pakati pa mbali pa pafupipafupi 50 hedzi. Koma palinso mzinda magetsi. Trams ndi mabasi trolley chofunika voteji AC ndi DC. Ndipo osiyana. Pa kukhudzana wochititsa njanji ayenera kukhala 750 volts (wachibale pansi, i.e. njanji), ndipo kumafuna trolley ndi wochititsa 600 ziro volts DC pa ena, labala aponda mawilo ndi insulators. Choncho muyenera wamphamvu kwambiri umodzi substation. The mphamvu magetsi ndi anatembenukira kwa izo, kuti ali kudzatha. wochindikala ndi lalikulu kwambiri, pano mu dera la chimaonekera mwa zikwi amperes. Chotero chipangizo wotchedwa samatha.

substation chitetezo

Ndipo thiransifoma, rectifier ndi wamphamvu (pa nkhani ya katundu ndi samatha mphamvu) ndi mtengo. Ngati ngozi limapezeka, ndicho yochepa dera mu dera yachiwiri akutsirizika (choncho chachikulu) panopa zikuoneka. Choncho, palibe gawo wochititsa mtanda masamu. The zamagetsi thiransifoma substation akuyamba kutenthetsa chifukwa cha kutentha m'badwo resistive. Ngati mulibe kupereka sewero zimenezi, chifukwa cha dera yochepa aliyense wa mizere zotumphukira wa waya kumulowetsa isungunuke kapena kutenthedwa. Popewa izi, njira zosiyanasiyana ntchito. masiyanidwe ichi, gasi ndi chitetezo overcurrent.

Masiyanidwe kufananitsa zedi masiku ano dera ndi yachiwiri akutsirizika. chitetezo mpweya amayamba ndi maonekedwe mu mlengalenga kutchinjiriza katundu kuyaka, mafuta ndi zina zotero. chitetezo Current disconnects ndi thiransifoma pamene panopa kuposa munthu pazipita akonzedwa phindu.

Thiransifoma substation ayenera basi kusagwirizana mu mwambo kumenya kwa mphezi.

mitundu ya substations

Iwo ali osiyana mu mphamvu, cholinga ndi chipangizo. Amene timatumikira kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa voteji, wotchedwa thiransifoma. Ngati mukufuna kusintha magawo ena (Kangati olimba kapena ataweramuka), anaitana kusintha substation.

Ndi ntchito zake mapulani a SS ali ndi kukondana, anamanga-(pafupi ndi nkhani yaikulu), intrashop (ili akuno yopanga) kapena kukhala kumbali-yekha chowonjezera nyumbayi. Mu zina, sikutanthauza mphamvu mkulu (ntchito mphamvu midzi zing'onozing'ono), ntchito mlongoti substations kamangidwe. Nthawi zina ankakhala m'nyumba ya thiransifoma mizati ya magetsi, ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira (mafyuzi, uyenderere amateteza, breakers dera, ndi zina zotero.) Amene wokwera.

Zamagetsi substation wachinsinsi maukonde ndi voteji (kwa 1000 kV kapena zambiri, i.e. mkulu) ndi mphamvu (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera 150 zikwi 16 VA. KVA).

Malinga ndi maziko chojambula kugwirizana kunja substation ndi nodular, akufa-yotsiriza, mosalekeza ndi nthambi.

mkati m'chipinda,

Danga mkati substation, amene m'nyumba tiransifoma, busbars ndi zida zimene amapereka ntchito chipangizo onse otchedwa kamera. Iwo akhoza wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kapena lotseka. Kusiyana pakati pa njira wa kupatuka kwa malo yozungulira ndi yaing'ono. Chipinda chatsekedwa ndi chipinda kwathunthu akutali, ndipo unazunguliridwa kwa discontinuous (mauna kapena grating) makoma. iwo anapangidwa, monga ulamuliro, makampani muyezo kamangidwe. Chisamaliro cha machitidwe mphamvu ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa omwe ali ndi udindo ndi zowayenereza, anatsimikizira ndi Chikalata chimene boma chilolezo choti ntchito pa mizere mkulu-voteji. Sikuyenda kuyan'anila ntchito ya substation magetsi amachita ntchito kapena Energy, yomwe ili pa yogawa gulu lalikulu, sipangakhalenso ili kutali kwa MS lapansi.

yogawa

Pali ntchito ina yofunika imene amachita mphamvu substation. mphamvu magetsi ndi anagawira pakati amazigwiritsa ntchito mogwirizana ndi mfundo zawo, ndi kuwonjezera, magwiritsidwe magawo atatu ayenera kukhala yunifolomu ngati nkotheka. Kuti bwinobwino vutoli, pali machitidwe kugawa. EN ntchito pa voteji chomwecho ndipo muli zipangizo kuchita kusinthitsa ndi chitetezo mizere ku zimamuchulukira. Ndi RU thiransifoma chikugwirizana mafyuzi ndi breakers dera (osakwatira mzati, aliyense gawo). Kufalitsa kachitidwe pa malo a malawi ogaŵikana lotseguka (ili panja) n'kutseka (mkati nyumbayi).

chitetezo

ntchito zonse mu substation magetsi ali m'magulu monga makamaka yowopsa Choncho, amafuna miyeso modabwitsa pofuna kupewa ngozi. Mu kukonza ambiri ndi kukonza akutsatiridwa mu mdima zonse kapena tsankho. Pambuyo voteji ndi anangotsika (zamagetsi kuti "kuwombera"), malinga tolerances zonse zofunikira ndi otsendereka kuteteza mwangozi kutsegula wa njanji kondakitala. Pakuti chenjezo zizindikiro zofanana ndi, ndi "anthu ntchito" ndi "Musati kusinthana!". Ndodo kutumikira substations mkulu-voteji, mwadongosolo ophunzitsidwa ndi luso ndi nzeru wabweza nthawi kuyang'aniridwa. Kulolerana № 4 amapereka ufulu kuchita ntchito magetsi pamwamba 1 kV.