Kodi teratogen? Zimayambitsa anomalies kobadwa nako

Mu zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero cha ana obadwa ndi kuvutika chitukuko, wakhala likunena kuwonjezeka. Ichi ndi chifukwa zotsatira teratogenic (kuchokera Greek. Teros chilombo, freak) Zinthu, ndi mu utero thupi pangozi. Pankhaniyi, ambiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) zimadalira udindo mayi.

Choncho, ngwazi ya Hugo a Quasimodo anali akadali m'mimba ziwalo mayi ake, chimakakamiza pamodzi ndi m'mimba zolimba pa mimba kuti agulitse zodula mwana chilombo. Kuti ndi lingaliro la "teratogen" kudziwika kwa anthu kalekale.

Magawo a mwana wosabadwayo chiopsezo

Mlingo wa chiopsezo wa mwana wosabadwayo pa mimba zimasiyanasiyana, madokotala kusiyanitsa magawo 3.

1. Mbali imeneyi amatenga maola loyamba gestation 18 ake. Panthawi imeneyi, ngati pali ambiri maselo owonongeka pali apitirize padera. Ngati kuchotsa mimba sichinachitikepo, Ndisanaumbidwe mwamsanga kubwezeretsa maselo zowonongeka popanda kuwononga thanzi. Mwachidule, pa siteji iyi njira awiri - kapena Ndisanaumbidwe afa, kapena kuti anayamba zina.
2. Gawo lachiwiri wofanana ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mwana wosabadwayo. Gawo kumatenga masiku 18 mpaka 60. Zinali nthawi imeneyi anapanga matenda aakulu, nthawi zina atakwatirana ndi moyo. Madokotala amanena kuti malformations owopsa anapanga masiku 36 Patapita iwo sakhala kutchulidwa, ndipo zidzachitika infrequently, osati kuwerenga zopindika a dongosolo urogenital ndi m'kamwa molimbika. Ndicho chifukwa akazi ndi mimba ya miyezi itatu zambiri chiopsezo padera. Mu nthawi imeneyi ndikofunikira kusamalira thanzi lawo, chifukwa izo zimatengera thanzi tsogolo la mwana wanu.
3. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mwana wosabadwayo kale anapanga ziwalo ndi kachitidwe kawo, kotero chitukuko sangathe kukhala zolakwika. Koma pali chiopsezo cha kukula yoopsa, imfa ya nambala nth maselo, kuwonongeka kwa aliyense wa matupi. The mwana pachiopsezo ndi mantha dongosolo.

mitundu teratogens

Mawu akuti "teratogenesis" (yatsoka ndi vuto chitukuko) anawagawa mitundu iwiri - anomalies azipeze powona mavuto zachilengedwe ndi anomalies chifukwa matenda otengera kwa makolo. Komabe, mfundo "teratogen" akutanthauza mtundu woyamba. mankhwala izi, zifukwa za chilengedwe ndi zina kuti kupunduka kobadwa nako ziwalo ndi kachitidwe.

Gawo teratogens motere.

1. Mankhwala.
2. Ionizing cheza.
3. Cholakwika moyo pakati.
4. Infection.

Mankhwala monga teratogen

Aliyense pharmacist kutsimikizira kuti mankhwala aliwonse ndi poizoni mlingo waukulu kwa thupi. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa amayi apakati, amene mosamala kwambiri anasankha mankhwala ngati pakufunika.

Mndandanda wa mankhwala amene angathe kuvulaza mwana wosabadwayo, zonse kusinthidwa, Panthawiyi, sitingathe kunena kuti chinthu chilichonse cha mndandanda monga teratogen ndi akumangidwa kuti kupundula kakulidwe, ngakhale ena mankhwala atha azitaya zodabwitsazi pa 2-3. Iwo kukhazikika bwino kuti mankhwala owopsa Ine trimester mimba, koma mmene pa trimesters II ndi III si bwino. Imathamanga yekha zimawononga zotsatira za thalidomide, makamaka masiku 34-50 ya gestation.

The ngozi kwambiri pakati kuimira evaporation wa mankhwala enaake, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil ndi ena ofanana. Ndipo gulu zotsatirazi mankhwala:

1. Tetracyclines (mankhwala).
2. Valproic asidi, ntchito khunyu ndi khunyu, komanso trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (Kukonzekera anawapatsa leukemias).
4. Androgen timadzi kanthu.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (tikuonera matenda oopsa).
6. Ayodini mankhwala.
7. "MTX" (ochitachita ndi immunosuppressive zochitika).
8. Lifiyamu carbonate.
9. "Tiamazol" (thyrostatic njira).
10. "Penicillamine" (ntchito zosiyanasiyana autoimmune).
11. "Isotretinoin" (ndi analogue a vitamini A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (timadzi yokonza).
13. "Thalidomide" (ogonetsa).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (odana ndi khansa mankhwala).
15. "Etretinat" (ntchito matenda khungu).

Popeza zoyipa pa mwana wosabadwayo ndi magulu a mankhwala ntchito matenda osiyana kwambiri, mankhwala mankhwala mimba ayenera kukhala ochenjera kwambiri. Onetsetsani kuika dokotala mu kutchuka kuti muli ndi mwayi.

cheza ionizing

Pakuti ionizing cheza zikuphatikizapo US (ngakhale madokotala akhala kale kuti appreciable kuvulaza ultrasound wosabadwa sachiza), chifuwa X-ray, X-ray ndi njira zina zofufuzira zimene zimagwiritsa ntchito ionizing mafunde.

Zitsanzo zina za teratogens - ichi ngozi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu nyukiliya mu chilengedwe, nyukiliya ayodini mankhwala radiotherapy.

Matenda wothandizila ndi mimba

Popeza latuluka ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya permeability, pali chiopsezo cha mimba kapena intrauterine matenda yoopsa ndi chiwerengero cha matenda. Matenda oyamba masabata 7 mimba akhoza kuyambitsa kuvutika yoopsa kuti ndi yosemphana ndi moyo. Matenda a mwana mu masiteji kenako kungayambitse matenda akhanda.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa mawonetseredwe matendawa Ndisanaumbidwe pakati ndi zingasiyane.

Teratogenic chinthu accommodates matenda otsatirawa:

• toxoplasmosis;
• cytomegalovirus;
• Mitundu Herpes ine ndi II;
• chikuku;
• chindoko;
• Venezuela equine encephalitis;
• varicella-zoster HIV.

Komanso zotsatira osafunika mwanayo kumatanthauza matenda chlamydia ndi njira yotupa zikuchitika mu thupi la mayi oyembekezerayo.

Cholakwika moyo wa pakati

Akazi amene angathe kukhala ndi udindo kwa moyo ndi thanzi la mwana wake, ayenera kupewa mowa, kusuta ndipo ngakhale kwambiri kumwa khofi. K zinthu mulinso teratogenic mankhwala kudalira, mankhwala ntchito ulimi makampani, ufa ndi wailesi.

Nkofunika zakudya zabwino ndi kupewa zoipa wopanda zothandiza katundu chakudya. zakudya ayenera kumangidwa m'njira kuti pakati nalandira onse ofunikira a mwana wosabadwayo. Mwachitsanzo, akusowa zakudya zomanga thupi kumabweretsa kutupikana yoopsa. thupi mkazi ayenera micronutrients monga selenium, nthaka, ayodini, kutsogolera manganese, fluorine. The zakudya ayenera kukhala okwanira kuchuluka kwa kashiamu ndi mavitamini.

Other teratogens

Ndi pathologies yoopsa zingachititse shuga, Chotupa chija, phenylketonuria ndi zotupa zomwe Zimachititsa ulimi wa mahomoni androgen. Komanso, madokotala ndikukhulupirira mwana wosabadwayo ndi oopsa kutenthedwa, kusowa folic acid.

Teratogenic anatchula zinthu tatchulazi. Lingaliro Izi zikuphatikizapo chilichonse chimene angasokoneze chitukuko wabwinobwino wa mwana wosabadwayo ndi kuyambitsa anomalies. Kalanga, mfundozi kwambiri, choncho mayi ali woyembekezera n'kofunika kwambiri kuti aziona thanzi lawo ndi zakudya.