Kodi tilapia opezeka mu malo awo achilengedwe? Kodi kukula tilapia? Tilapia - kodi nsomba?

Pa maalumali masitolo wathu ndi mabanja aquarists lero limodzi zambiri onani mitundu ina ya nsomba imene osati kale kotheka kuwerenga okha mainsaikulopediya. A chitsanzo chapadera - tilapia.

Makamaka wotchuka ndi nsomba Aquarium, monga makhalidwe ake khalidwe ndi maonekedwe ndi chidwi osati kwa oyamba, koma ngakhale luso lolemekezeka.

Ndi ndani?

Tiyeni tione chimene chimapanga tilapia. Kodi uwu ndi mtundu wa nsomba? Ichi ndithu ndi mtundu yaikulu, a cichlidae banja (Cichlids). Pamafunikanso osachepera mazana mitunduyi wamba mu kotentha ndi mayiko. Posachedwapa, ichthyologists nawo mpikisano zambiri ena awiri: Oreochromis ndi Sarotherodon.

Pakali pano, mugawo ili linathetsedwa, monga kusiyanitsa oimira mitundu awa kochepa. Komanso, kuchulukitsa kwa akatswiri nthawi zonse kuwonjezera kwambiri ndi chakuti mu tilapia zakutchire - nsomba, sachedwa interbreeding.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ngakhale mu madzi chilengedwe cha Africa anakumana angapo hybrids, kuti kumvetsa zosiyanasiyana awo nthawi zambiri sangakwanitse maphunziro ngakhale odziwa.

Dzina la banja lonse n'kumupatsa nthumwi yaikulu amene lero amakhala m'dera la African Nyanja ya Malawi. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti zikamera wa lodabwitsa "dzina" anathandiza wotchuka kwambiri Aristotle.

Akuti tsiku lina iye anali kuyendera ndi mnzanu pa tebulo lomwe kumene tilapia. "Kodi mtundu wa nsomba izi!" - anafuula Archimedes. Scientist anagwedeza kukoma wodabwitsa wa bere lake, iye regretfully anati: "Ndi zachisoni kuti" tilapia ". Ngati timamasulira mawu kuchokera Greek mu Russian, zimaonekeratu kuti pundit chisoni ndi chakuti iye amakhala kutali kwambiri.

Maonekedwe ndi mbali kwachilengedwenso

Maonekedwe silipita, kuyambira yochepa thupi ndi ndondomeko akhakula ena a nyimbo ndi msinkhu wake, umene mitundu ina ndi nthawi 2.5 m'litali. Mutu ndi yaikulu zakubadwa ndipo mwano. Juveniles ndi akazi musati akusiyana zimalimbikitsa mtundu.

ochekenera awo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mitundu imvi ndi siliva. M'mphepete kumbuyo kwa gill chivundikiro ali ndi wokongola lalikulu malo ozungulira mawonekedwe. Mtundu uwu amagwirizana ndi malo, kumene opezeka mu chikhalidwe tilapia nsomba pamene mitundu opezeka pansi pa kwambiri matope ndi miyala, Pakati pali pafupifupi palibe zomera kubisa.

Amuna ndi wokongola kwambiri: mtundu wolamulira ndiko wobiriwira ndi zachitsulo Sheen. Pa nyengo mating limapezeka pa mbali zinayi mawanga lalikulu woyera, wotsika mlomo ndipo gill chivundikiro nawonso kukhala mthunzi woyera. Mwamsanga pamene mwamuna ukufika msinkhu, pectoral wake zipsepse ndi kwambiri wofiira, ndipo thupi - velvety wakuda. Pa dorsal ndi caudal chipsyepsye ndi specks woyera.

Mano a nsomba ali bwino akupangidwa yochepa. Mamba lalikulu. Chikhalidwe cha chakudya amapereka matumbo: ndi wautali kwambiri, ndipamene ochuluka zedi zingwe zopota. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti tilapia (ndilo nsomba, mukudziwa kale) amadya ambiri chakudya mwangwiro masamba.

kuswana Features

Onani kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu wapadera wa nsomba ndi awo dimorphism kugonana. Ndipotu, amuna ndi akazi ali bwino distinguishable, koma nthawi zambiri pansi kwa iwo - m'malo wachibale akuti, kuyambira kuphatikiza zina mwa mfundo kunja ndi mkati, zakudya kapena yozungulira kutentha kwa akazi, amuna angathe kutenga.

Mwachidule, mwa oimira mitundu ndi pafupifupi 70% ya hermaphrodites kubisika. N'chifukwa chake nsomba wakhala ambiri: mu thupi la madzi adzamasulidwa yekha angapo anthu kapena kugonana kwa zaka zingapo kuti anakhala ndi anthu onse.

chikhalidwe cha mphamvu

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa zomera chakudya, nsomba moyenerera angatchedwe omnivores. Ndipamene Aurea, Mary, komanso Nile ndi Mozambican mtundu wawo kudya chilichonse organic.

Ngati ife kulankhula za melanopleurusah ndi Zillah, iwo zambiri ndi zayamba zamasamba koyera. Nthawi zambiri, asayansi zinalembedwa kale kuposa khumi monographs za ntchito yaikulu ya zamoyo izi kutaya m'dambo.

kufalikira

Mbiri dziko imatengedwa Africa East. Ponseponse awa mitundu ya Zanzibar ndipo Natal. Kale, iwo ankagwiritsa kufalitsa m'dziko la Israel (kumene tilapia chikudziwika ngati "nsomba St. Petulo" kuyambira nthawi m'Baibulo), Jordan ndi Syria. Kuyambira mu 1830 (chifukwa cha ulendo French) anayamba kuwonjezeka lalikulu ku Asia Southeast.

Mu dziko lathu nsomba tilapia (umene uli ndi chithunzi m'nkhani) anadziwana ndi hobbyists. Pali umboni kuti zimenezi zinachitika kale 1917. Popeza 1960, iwo anayamba purposefully kukhala mu dziwe yozizira wa NPP, zomera mphamvu ndi maofesi ena mafakitale, monga zinthu izi ndi zofunika kuti athe tilapia kuononga zomera za m'madzi. M'madera kum'mwera (Krasnodar, mwachitsanzo) kwa malo yokumba wa nsomba zokodwa mu mitsinje ndi mchere.

Mfundo Zina aquarists

Ngati mukufuna kuswana kwa tilapia mu Aquarium kunyumba, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti amuna a mitundu awa amasiyana anthu azikhala kwambiri, kudziŵa Aquarium lalikulu malo abwino a pansi.

Pakuti aquarists, iwo ndi chidwi kwambiri makhalidwe ake osiyanasiyana ndi luso kulankhula ndi munthuyo. Choncho, iwo mwamsanga anayamba kuzindikira mbuye wake, zosavuta kuwasiyanitsa ndi anthu ena, mofunitsitsa ndi mosaopa wathunthu kutenga chakudya kuchokera m'manja mwake.

kufunika zachuma

Koma mu dziko lathu ambiri a mitundu ya nsomba samadziwika chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo chidwi. chakuti pa maalumali wa magolosale, mukhoza kuona zodabwitsa "Mtsinje nkhuku" kapena "nkhuku za m'nyanja". Popeza tilapia mwakula? Ndithudi, madzi zathupi monga buku la kudzadzipeza kalekale zapitazo kutha nsomba ake!

Monga ife tanena kale, padziko lonse mafakitale nthawi zambiri zimaŵetedwa ku kuzirala dziwe osiyana. Koma ambiri a chakudya lero tilapia ayipanga kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, kumene nthawi zambiri onani chimphona minda nsomba. Iwo amaoneka ngati mazana mayiwe pang'ono sakudziwabe.

Nthawi zambiri, kulima nsomba lipindulitsa kwambiri pa mfundo za chuma za view. Popeza kudya pafupifupi chilichonse, iwe sukhala ndi ndalama yapamwamba. Mwatsoka, chakudya oipa zambiri chimagwira nthabwala zoipa ndi ogwiritsa mapeto.

Mwachitsanzo, alimi ena Asian ntchito chakudya manyowa. Palibe zobwera ku ichi, chifukwa tilapia mwangwiro internalize zobwezerezedwanso CHIKWANGWANI, koma vuto ndi mu mazira a nyongolotsi zomwe zikhale kwa nthawi yaitali kukhala mu nsomba kwambiri.

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri?

N'chifukwa chiyani anthu a mtundu uwu afala mu aquaculture padziko lonse? Ndipo si Asia, koma ngakhale North America, kumene makamaka kuswana mu amatunga zomera ndi ena zomera mafakitale wofiira tilapia anali linachokera.

Chinthu ndi nyama ya nsomba ali ndi kukoma kwambiri, muli zambiri amino zidulo ndi mavitamini. Komanso chikhalidwe chisanadze mafakitale (kuchokera mwachangu kwa nyama) tilapia Amabwera miyezi ingapo, pamene wonyeketsa zosapatsa masamba zinyalala kapena kudya udzu mu mchere.

Ndicho chifukwa tilapia (nsomba izi, tikuuzidwa) wachiwiri ambiri chinthu makampani aquaculture, yokha Mitundu ina ya carp.