Kodi: zamaganizo kuuzidwa kusankha

Lingaliro la "chifuniro" kuwerenga maganizo amaona osokoneza, pa nyengo zosiyana mbiri, zikutanthauza zochitika zosiyanasiyana.

Mu mawu ambiri onse, chifuniro cha akhoza kumva ngati katundu ufulu, amene amalola iye bwino maganizo ndi zochita zathu. Kuchokera pa mfundo imeneyi, zikhoza chimodzi cha katundu zofunika kwambiri, kuti kuwonekera kwa amene azitha psyche anthu: ngati Chilombocho yowala delimiting mzere pakati pa nyama ndi munthu? Ngati woyamba lotengeka ndi achibadwidwe awo, yotsirizira amatha kubisa kudzera mwa mphamvu.

Lingaliro sindidzamtaya zamaganizo

Choncho, ngati ife tiyika izo, pali zitsanzo zingapo kumvetsa adzatero. zamaganizo Modern chimanena kuti chifuniro cha munthu amasonyeza luso bwino kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, ndi mwa makhalidwe zofunika mawonetseredwe wake wotchedwa kulimba mtima, khama, khama, kudziletsa, ufulu ena.

Kuti timvetse adzafunika kudziwa bwino zimene ufulu, chifukwa mfundo izi zikugwirizana kwambiri.

Kodi Psychology - mfundo ndi mbiri wapadera, chifukwa mu chimango cha sayansi kuwunikira katatu, amene wafunsira matanthauzo atatu osiyana.

Choyamba, pansi limagwirira kumvetsa mtundu wa zinthu zimene tinachita ndi munthu kutsutsana ndi maganizo ake, koma, koma analimbikitsidwa malingaliro.

ndiye adzakhala anazindikira ngati mkangano wa zolinga, umene umakhala ndi vuto lathu kusankha.

Ndipo chomaliza zamoyo womvetsa ife tathanthauzira ngati njira kugonjetsa zopinga kuti akatchinge kukwaniritsa cholinga. tanthauzo Ichi chimapereka luntha mwachilungamo zachiphamaso kwa chifuniro, chifukwa chimakwirira mbali imodzi yokha ya mawonetseredwe ake, koma zoona pali zambiri: mwachitsanzo, mwa chifuniro cha munthu akhoza kuthetsa okha, zilakolako zawo zofuna zawo achilengedwe, ngakhale sadzakhala cholinga. Pali milandu pamene anthu anapulumutsa miyoyo ya anthu ena ndi kupereka wake amafunila, ndipo nalo limodzi zinthu monga "zothetsera mavuto kukwaniritsa cholinga" ndi lolakwika ndi chosakwanira.

The chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri komanso m'zachipembedzo, kusonyeza chifuniro ndi kukhudza wodzipereka - Iisus Hristos.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti nzeru za pali chinthu chotero monga "voluntarism". Ku Latin, izo anamasuliridwa kuti "chifuniro", ndi kayendedwe nthanthi anam'patsa udindo wa mfundo yofunika ya maziko, mfundo apamwamba kukhala.

Kodi izi: zamaganizo a khalidwe "chosiyana"

Apa chaululidwa mbali chidwi kwambiri m'kati luso munthu, tikuona kuti munthu sangathe kulandira zinthu monga ali. Zenizeni akhoza ayesedwa zoipa ndi anthu ambiri, koma muyenera kukhala ndi chifuniro bwino anayamba kusankha kusintha zimene zapatsidwa. Antuan De Saint-Exupery mu limodzi mwa mabuku wake ananena nkhani ya mbawala izidzawetedwa, amene anakulira cholembera. Pamene nyama anakulira, anayamba kufunafuna kumasuka, koma zonse ndi kuima pa njanji ndipo anayang'ana pa thambo. Iyi ndi nkhani zopeka, koma nyama amakhala khalidwe: posapita nthawi iwo adzichepetse ndi kusiya ankafuna kuchita zosemphana ndi vutolo. Kuyesa kuzemba selo chifukwa nzeru zachibadwa ndipo amafuna kutero chifukwa cha chikhulupiriro china kapena a chikhalidwe chosiyana, kumene ngati chachiwiri, mawu akuti "chosiyana" ndi kiyi mosiyana woyamba.

Kodi: mavuto zamaganizo kusankha

Ena anzeru (Spinoza, John. Locke) ayesa kupanga ganizo la ubale wa chifuniro ndi ufulu wosankha. . John Locke ankakhulupirira kuti ufulu - kuthekera kuchita kapena kusachita zinthu, ndipo pamene kuchita kwa mwamuna nthawi zonse phunziro kwa chomuvutitsa, choncho nawo mfundo izi. Benedict Spinoza, monga anthu ambiri anzeru wakale, adali chifupi ndi choonadi - ankakhulupirira kuti ufulu mkati kwagona kuti mwaufulu kusankha kuthetsa kutsutsana pa "ndikufuna" ndipo "pamenepo."

Kodi izi: zamaganizo a kulamulira zochita zawo

Julius Kul kuzindikiridwa mitundu yambiri ya ulamuliro pa mopupuluma volitional, amene amakulolani kugwiritsa izo:

1. Kusankha tcheru. Izo umalimbana chinthu kuti mwana'yo, pamene zinthu zina zonse za chilengedwe zidzachotsedwa.
2. Kukhumudwa. Pali ena maganizo kusokoneza kufuna kugwiritsa ntchito ndi amphamvu wofuna munthu akukana iwo.

3. chilengedwe kulamulira. Chirichonse chimene chikulepheretsa kukwaniritsa cholinga cha kuthetsa malo apafupi.

Choncho, chifuniro - ndi ufulu chodabwitsa chuma chimene, akapanda ichi, mwinamwake, mayendedwe athu zamoyo zinachita adzakhala ndi njira zosiyana kwathunthu.