Kolyada (a tchuthi): mbiri ndi miyambo

Anthu ambiri masiku ano amakhulupirira kuti Khirisimasi ndi Kolyada ali inextricably zogwirizana. Ndipotu kuyambira nthawi achikunja, pamene panalibe ngakhale analandira Christianity mu Russia, ndi anthu ankakhulupirira milungu yosiyanasiyana, kale mwambo monga Kolyada. chikondwererochi anali wodzipereka kwa Mulungu wa Kumwamba Dazhdbog.

anthu ankakhulupirira kuti pambuyo yozizira, mulungu n'kudzuka kumwamba, ndipo tsiku kutalika amayamba kukula ndi usiku - kuti ndichepe. Makolo athu anali osangalala Dazhdbog ndipo anayamba kum'tamanda ndi thandizo la mwambo nyimbo - carols.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, miyambo yambiri zasintha ndipo aiwala, koma miyambo yambiri, ngakhale mu maonekedwe yosiyana, timatsatira lerolino.

Mfundo yaikulu ya chikondwerero

Kolyada - holide ya Asilavo, dzina otchuka a Khirisimasi ndi Khirisimasi nthawi, imene akupitiriza lero m'ma 7 January 19 (Ubatizo).

Cholinga cha Kolyada - wanyamula miyambo wodzipereka kwa Khirisimasi. Miyambo waukulu zinasungidwa kuti digiri wamkulu kapena wamng'ono, ndipo mu nthawi yathu, ndi:

- kuvala zosiyanasiyana zovala, makamaka anapangidwa kuchokera zikopa ndi nyanga za nyama, ntchito masks;

- caroling, motsatirana kolyadnyh nyimbo;

- zikomo kolyadovschikov Gifting ndi maswiti zawo, chakudya, ndalama ndi zinthu zina;

- masewera achinyamata;

- maula wosakwatiwa atsikana.

Kolyada - holide, yomwe inali yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri yozizira ndi nthawi ya Amitundu, monga tsopano Khirisimasi kwa Akristu onse.

Pamene Khirisimasi Carols

Kolyada - holide ya Asilavo, deti limene anayamba Khirisimasi (December 25 - tsiku yozizira), ndipo anapitiriza mpaka 6 January. Choncho, ngakhale pamaso pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, anthu anakhala Khirisimasi Carols miyambo kutamanda mulungu wa mlengalenga - Dazhdbog.

tsiku Kodi Kolyada phwando kuwayamikira pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity? Chikunja chikondwerero anaphatikizidwa kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu, ndi Khirisimasi nthawi taonera kale pa 6 ndi 19 December, T. E. Kuchokera khirisimasi Epiphany. miyambo imeneyi Khirisimasi anapulumuka mpaka tsopano.

Ubale yachisanu ndi Khirisimasi Carols

Kolyada phwando yokondwerera ulemu kwa kubadwanso dzuwa pa yozizira. Pa December 25, anthu osati kukondwerera Chaka Chatsopano - iwo ankakhulupirira kuti lero ndi zikamera wa New World ndi ntchito ulimi.

A. Famintsyn mu buku lotchedwa "Umulungu wa Asilavo akale," lolembedwa mu 1884, ananena kuti malemba akale ndi maumboni kwa milungu iwiri - Kupala (mulungu wa chilimwe yozizira) ndi Kolyada (mulungu yozizira).

A. N. Afanasev cholemba 'maganizo a ndakatulo pa chikhalidwe cha Asilavo "otchulidwa kuti dzuwa anali mwini wake wa wosangalala ndi Mulungu moyo. mulungu dzuwa ankaona kwambiri wowala, mtundu, ndi wachifundo; chomwe chimamulimbikitsa zamoyo zonse moyo, amatipatsa chakudya ndi thandizo kwa anthu.

Iye akhapidziwa kuti kuwala ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi tsoka, anthu kuti amuthandize iye pamene kuthamangitsa mavuto ake ndi zolephera. Komanso, dzuwa linali kukana choipa, mdima ndi ozizira.

Choncho, Asilavo tchuthi Kolyada ndi ntchito ya carols Khirisimasi - izo miyambo wodzipereka kwa mulungu dzuwa, zomwe zikuonetsa ubale wapadera makolo athu kuti ounikira.

Mamasulidwe a holide

Kolyada - holide chachikunja, ndipo dzina lake inayambira kalelo.

Baibulo lina la chiyambi cha mawu akuti "Kolyada" amalamula kuti anapita ku "madera" - ". dzuwa" Kumatetezera anthu ndi mdima, ndi December 25 anabadwa latsopano ndi achinyamata nyenyezi, zimene zathandiza kuonjezera tsiku kuwala ndi usiku utachepa.

maganizo osiyana Pamilunguyo wotchedwa Dmitry Shchepkin, ndi tichipeza chakuti mawu "Kolyada" amatanthauza "chitumbuwa chakudya kapena chitumbuwa mbale", "kuthamangathamanga". Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi chakuti kampani anapita ku phanga la carols mu mabwalo onse ndi kuvina ndi kuimba Khirisimasi carols, izo Adzawalipira pa zitumbuwa, ndipo iwo atatha kudya chakudya pamodzi, zomwe nakolyadovali.

Komanso, pali maganizo kuti "Kolyada" amachokera ku mawu akuti:

- "sitimayo" - anayatsa chitsa;

- "kolo" - yozungulira gudumu;

- kuchokera mawu Latin "Kalenda," ie, "tsiku loyamba la mweziwo" ...

The etymological dictionary tanthauzo la mawu pofotokozera "mwambo amene amagwirizana ndi chiyambi kwa chaka," chomwe ndi zina ngakhale panthawi Chikristu chisanayambe, ndipo pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity mu Asilavo tchuthi Kolyada anali anayambitsa pa tsiku la kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu.

Malinga ndi ethnolinguistic dictionary (wakale Asilavo), mawu ali mizu zachikunja. Ndipo mantha ananena kuti Kolyada palibe Pre-Asilavo ndi yachikunja, ndipo mawu inalandidwa ngati mawu a atsogoleri (kutanthauza "mphatso kapena zopereka, omwe anasonkhana atsogoleri achipembedzo" kapena "zili kwa Chaka Chatsopano").

Kodi pokonzekera phwando la Khirisimasi Carols?

Kolyada - holide, limene linali lalikulu ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Pa mfundo imeneyi, amene anganyoze kuti kukonzekera izo pasadakhale ndiponso mosamala. anthu wamba (ngakhale mabanja osauka kwambiri):

- kukonzekera chiwiya chakudya, makamaka nyama, ndi nkhumba izi analaswa;

- kutsukidwa bwino mu nyumba;

- bwino anavula mu kusamba;

- pokonzekera zovala zatsopano, makamaka kwa caroling.

chinthu chimodzi sichinasinthe: utali zapitazo, ndipo pano ife cholinga kukumana Chaka Chatsopano maholide mwayeretsa mwakuthupi ndiponso mwauzimu.

Monga kale chikondwerero Kolyada?

Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe ambiri amavomereza kuti ngakhale Chikristu chisanayambe unali mwambo, monga Kolyada. holide nkhani ndi chidwi komanso yosangalatsa, miyambo yambiri ndi miyambo anapulumuka ku nthawi yathu, koma ena salinso mu mphamvu ndi lasinthidwa.

Kukondwerera Khirisimasi Carols ndi miyambo inachitika motere:

1. Gawo loyamba la chikondwerero cha chinali chifukwa chakuti ambiri anadza kwa akachisi achikunja (akachisi) kubala mwambo wa nsembe alankhulane ndi milungu, kukhala pafupi.

Monga tanenera mu nthano, anthu anasonkhana pafupi mtsinje, mu nkhalango pafupi moto ndipo anathokoza nalemekeza milungu yawo, kupempha kulapa ndi ubwino m'tsogolo. nkhope zawo Choncho anamanga yachikopa, yonunkhira, atavala zikopa za izi ndi zina zovala, inkachitika mikondo, zishango ndi nyanga za nyama, Nsembe ndi kuwombeza.

Pakuti mwambo wa nsembe ndi kuwombeza anafunika wamatsenga - munthu amene amapereka ulalo milungu. Mu banja, ntchito ndi munthu okalamba. Pamaso maula nthawi zambiri nsembe mbalame kapena nyama. Pankhaniyi, magazi okhetsedwa ndi ankathamanga padziko pokana mizimu yoipa. ziwalo za nyama zimene sananenedwe kwa chakudya, m'manda mu nthaka, natenthedwa pamoto kapena kumizidwa mu mtsinje.

Akulu anapha Pet kudandaulira kwa milungu. Pa nthawi imeneyo, atsikana ndi anyamata, nalikuzizwa, ndi kuimba Khirisimasi carols, amene kutamandidwa Kolyada - wamng'ono mulungu wa dzuwa.

2. Gawo lachiwiri zoyenera ambiri Kolyada chakudya. Anthu akudya chakudya chimene nsembe, ife kumwa asiye chikho chimene anadutsa kuzungulira bwalo. Choncho adayimba carols, kutamanda milungu Navi ndi malamulo kuti andithandize anthu abwino.

3. Gawo lachitatu la chikondwerero anali otchedwa "kusangalala": Anthu anaimba zosiyanasiyana nyimbo, kuvina kwa zing'wenyeng'wenye Asilavo wowerengeka.

Phwando la Khirisimasi Carols (Sun a) anali miyambo awo ndi peculiarities, ndipo tsiku lotsatira:

- Choyamba, tiyenera kupita caroling ana pa anthu ochepa. Iwo anatenga chitumbuwa 2, lomwe linali ndi mbali ofanana ndi onse anadya pambuyo ntchito ya carols Khirisimasi.

- Pamene anali atsikana (akwatibwi) ndipo anaimba wowerengeka nyimbo. Tidawapatsa ndi kalaches ochepa onse ndi gingerbread.

- Kumapeto kupita caroling akazi onse ndi anthu, anapatsidwanso ndi mikate, ndipo makeke.

The script pa Khirisimasi Carols

Ndipo lero, pamene holide chikondwerero? Koliada chimafikira mu mmene kanyamaka nezi mwambo. The script anali ndi akadali motere, ngakhale kuwonjezapo ndi kusintha kuti anapangidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana:

1. Khirisimasi (January 6), anthu sanali kudya kufikira madzulo. Koma mwamsanga pamene thambo anaonekera nyenyezi choyamba, iwo onse anakhala pansi chakudya banja. Pa tebulo madzulo akhale maphunziro 12, kuphatikizapo kutya chofunika ndi uzvar a zouma zipatso (maapulo ndi mapeyala), komanso atsimikize mbale nyama (zikondamoyo, choyika zinthu mkati kabichi, dumplings, sausages amamwa).

Kuyambira nthawi makedzana makolo athu unali mwambo kuika udzu ndi tablecloth, amene amayenera kugona pamenepo mpaka January 14 - Schedretsa.

2. M'mawa mwake - January 7 - pakubwera lalikulu yozizira chikondwerero cha Khirisimasi. Pa tsiku lapadera, ife zopita ku godson wake, ndi kuwapatsa mphatso.

Chakudya, atsikana ndi anyamata kubvala nyama zosiyana ndi Roma ndi anthu 10-15 kupita ndi magulu carols. Mmodzi wa kampani kolyadovschikov ayenera kuvala mbuzi. M'madera ena (makamaka Western Ukraine) ndinaganiza zopita ndi lalikulu nyenyezi nyumba yopangidwa. Kolyada kuimba nyimbo potamanda lapansi, kupempha tsogolo labwino, kuvina ndi kusangalala. Pakuti makamu izi wopatsa thokoze ndi kuwapatsa kupereka goodies osiyana ndi ndalama.

Iye akhapidziwa kuti ngati eni ndiribe zosakhoma khomo Kolyada, izo zikanakhoza kuitana tsoka pa banja ndi umphawi.

3. Kenako pambuyo Khirisimasi tsiku la St. Stephen. Tsiku lomwelo, mwiniwake anali kuti athe kulipira ogwira ntchito awo, ndi iwo, nawonso, akhoza kupanga zonse zimene anapeza pa chaka chathachi. Ndiye kusankha kulowa pangano latsopano chifukwa kupitiriza kugwirizana kapena mogwirizana.

Little mosiyana chikondwerero anthu m'tauni imeneyi Asilavo holide (Kolyada) ,. script wake anali awa:

- wozengereza pulogalamu chikondwerero ndi mapwando pabwalopo ndi pakati pa mzinda;

- gulu la fairs malonda;

- Mpira ndi kuvina (anakonza kwa anthu olemera).

Ana, komanso lero, akasangalala mtengo Christmas, mphatso, ati masewero ndi mapulogalamu kuvina.

4. kusangalala ndi chikondwerero Schedrets January 14. Pa tsiku limeneli, osati kuimba ndi kuvina, koma anasankha msungwana wokongola kwambiri wa m'mudzi. Iye anadziveka, kuvala nkhata, riboni, iye anatsogolera gulu la kukongola, amene anapita ku nyumba ndi nyumba komanso schedrovali. Makamu ndi tsiku anayesa mmene mungathere ndi zambiri kupereka mowolowa manja chaka adziwitse zinali bwino ndi olemera.

Anikulapo malo pa maholide Khirisimasi kolyadnyh

Kolyada phwando la Asilavo wakale sanali pochitika popanda Anikulapo. 3 anali oyera wapadera ndi madzulo, omwe linakonzedwa ndi miyambo phala, mmene osiyana:

1. Taphunzira ndi mtedza, zouma zipatso, mbewu poppy ndi uzvar wokonzedwera kwa woyamba chisanadze Khirisimasi madzulo - January 6. Likutchedwa nyansi ngati wa kutey kwambiri.

2. January 13 - Hava Chaka Chatsopano mu kalembedwe akale - yophika kutyu chachiwiri, imene inkatchedwa olemera kapena wopatsa. Pa tsiku ili patebulo anatumikira amitundu yonse wokongola atsimikize, ndipo ngakhale phala anadzazidwa ndi mafuta, mafuta anyama, batala ndi skorominoyu.

3. kutya lachitatu - madzulo a Epiphany pa January 18 - ankatchedwa ndi njala ndipo anali ngati woyamba, zowonda yophika pa madzi. Panali mwambo umene anali kunena kuti mutu wa banja madzulo kupita ndi zipata zonse, zitseko, n'kutunga mitanda kuteteza nzika za banja ndi kwa mizimu ya kuipa, matsoka ndi nyengo yoipa.

Kolyada holide Russia pa nthawi Soviet pafupifupi chikondwerero, koma 60s pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutsitsimutsa miyambo Asilavo, ndipo 90s iwo anali kale pachimake anayamba kubwerera ku banja Russian. Lero, kuimba carols mu usiku Woyera - pa 6 ndi 7 January, ndi miyambo ambiri akubwera kumbuyo: ana ndi achinyamata kubvala chovala chikondwerero, kutenga ndi nyenyezi, kudziwa wowerengeka nyimbo. eni, kenako, kuyesera mowolowa manja zikomo Kolyada chaka wopambana ndi olemera.

Ikani maula tchuthi cha Khrisimasi Carols

Maula chikondwerero Khirisimasi Carols masiku unatenga malo apadera, kawirikawiri anakhala madzulo atsiku la Khirisimasi ndi mpaka 14 January (Chaka Chatsopano mogwirizana ndi kalendala yakale). Iye akhapidziwa kuti izo zinali mu masiku amenewo mtsikana kuphunzira tsogolo lawo ndi kuvumbulutsa zachisinsi chinsinsi cha m'tsogolo, kuwona mkwatibwi komanso ankalosera tsiku la ukwati. Panali miyambo. Wotchuka kwambiri wa zimenezi ndi izi:

1. Iye anali kupita kunja ndi kuponyera nsapato ndi phazi lake lakumanzere pa mpanda. Kenako tayang'anani momwe idagwa. Ngati chala cha nyumbayo, koma chaka chino iye sanakwatire, ngati pandunji, ndiye ndinkayang'ana, kodi malangizo limasonyeza jombo - iwo amati, kumeneko, ndipo kudikira kuti Mr Kulondola.

2. Braley 2 masingano, topaka mafuta kapena mafuta ndi adatchithisira m'madzi. Ngati Amira yomweyo, izo portends chaka zoipa, ndipo ngati anakhalabe wolimba, koma ogwirizana, zinali n'kothandiza kwambiri, olemera ndi ukwati pafupi.

3. Gadi ndi aulesi. Mtsikana ku woodshed mwakhungu anakoka chitsa wina ndi mosamala izo. Ngati anali waukali, ndi chiletso adzakhala ndi maonekedwe unsightly, ngati yosalala ndi ngakhale mwamuna tsogolo ndiwokongola ndi yochititsa chidwi. A zambiri mfundo pa chitsa ananena kuti munthu ameneyo ali ku banja ndi zambiri abale ndi alongo. Ngati ingested ndi pokruchennoe chipika yokhota kumapeto, mkwatibwi ali zopindika Link (pamapindikira pockmarked ndi T. Q.)

4. kungoganizira pa mphete. Mpheroyi chakuti mu sieve lodzala monga chimanga kapena rye, tirigu, ndi kuika pano mitundu 4 mphete: zitsulo, siliva, golide, ndi mwala, ndipo bwino analimbikitsa zonse. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kampani anali kupita maula atsikana osakwatiwa, iliyonse ili scooped ndi ochepa okhutira:

- ngati tirigu kudutsa, koma chaka chino iye sanakwatire konse;

- ngati losavuta zitsulo mphete kuti iye adzakwatira munthu osauka;

- ngati mphete siliva, mkwati idzakhala yophweka;

- mphete ndi mwala akuneneratu banja ndi Boyar;

- mphete yagolide - chizindikiro amene akwatira msungwana wa munthu wamalonda.

5. Palinso maula amene mukufuna kutenga mbale mudzaze mbewu, kuphika pepala, mmodzi amene kulemba dzina la wokondedwa mkazi wake, wina kumanzere kanthu. Kutenga ochepa tirigu ndi kuyang'ana nthawi imene idzagwa chidutswa aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino pepala:

- Ngati poyamba, mtsikana sitiyenera kuyembekezera chibwenzi mwamsanga;

- wachiwiri - ndiye inu nawo mavuto ena;

- wachitatu - achinyamata ndi kuonera pa inu, ndi bwino kuti iye;

- wachinayi - munthu kwathunthu osayanjanitsika kwa inu.

atsikana komanso kuti:

- usiku mu kusamba;

- ndi galasi, kuyembekezera kumuona wopalidwa ubwenzi;

- pa madzi ndi makandulo.

Mmodzi mwa miyambo waukulu anali siketing'i mawilo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, lalikulu matabwa bwalo monga njinga moto nakunkhunizira phiri ndi kutsikatsika. Pano mukhoza kuona ubale wa miyambo Asilavo miyambo ya Khirisimasi Carols, kupsereza gudumu, ndithudi limaimira dzuwa, ndi choona kuti anapinda phiri anathandiza zidzawonjezedwa kwa tsiku kuwala.

History caroling

Khirisimasi carols zambiri adayimba osati m'nyumba, ndi mwachindunji kunja. Mtsikana anapempha chilolezo kuti alowe ndipo kenako anaimba "vinogrado" ambiri mu North. Apa Kolyada mphatso kwa mikate kapena maswiti, masikono ndi miyambo mu mawonekedwe a nyama ndi mbalame. masikono izi anapangidwa kuchokera dolgohranyaschegosya mayeso, anali aphindu ndi mtengo kwa banja lililonse, chifukwa iwo anali mu chaka, kuti ziwiya ndi sanataye panjira kunyumba ndi chulukanani. Kuchita zimenezi makeke pamaso, koma ndi chithunzi cha chikhalidwe, omwe anali kulankhula kwa milungu (kapena lowani Roda Sun).

Caroling mwambo zinachitikadi kwa sabata, kuyambira 25 December (Khirisimasi pa kalendala ya Julius). Zikuluzikulu za umunthu wa ndondomeko umenewu:

1. Star. Iwo azipanga izo kuchokera pa pepala wamphamvu - ukulu kwambiri mayadi (za 0,7 mamita) - ndipo anayatsa nyali. Star anali octagonal, utoto mitundu yowala.

2. khola. Iwo anatengedwa kuchokera bokosi ndi tiers awiri, amene anaikidwa mafano a mitengo, zosonyeza nkhani ya kubadwa kwa Yesu Khristu.

Mu mazenera kolyadovschiki anachita mwachidule chikulimbikitsa songs, ndipo mmodzi wa gulu yekha kuthetsa gulu akhoza kubwera ndi kupeza amachitira ndi ndalama zochepa.

Kolyada - holide, imene midzi yaikulu Russia wina pabwalo akhoza kuona magulu a 5-10 ndi nyenyezi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo anayesa eni mowolowa manja anapatsa.

Mizu achikunja a holide

Choncho zimene Kolyada? Akamanena za holide ndi zotsatirazi: ili ndi mndandanda wa miyambo Ancient, nalemekeza ndi kutamanda achinyamata achikunja mulungu wa dzuwa. Malinga ndi malo ambiri, Kolyada adakali mulungu maphwando mokondwera.

Baibulo chachikulu cha magwero a holide ndi matamando younikira yozizira. Pali ngakhale nthano bwino zimenezi. Korotun njoka kudya dzuwa ndi wamkazi Kolyada kuthandiza anthu n'kubereka latsopano nyenyezi, achinyamata - Bozic. Anthu akuyesetsa kuthandiza wamkazi ndi kuteteza akhanda ku njoka ndi kuimba ndi mokweza kukuwa, kuvala zovala wowopsa ku zikopa za nyama ndi ntchito nyanga. Ndi carols achinyamata amapita pa bwalo onse kulengeza kuti latsopano achinyamata dzuwa anabadwa mu dziko.

Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Christianity, Mpingo kwambiri oletsedwa miyambo caroling ndi kulambira milungu, koma izo sizinali zotheka kuthetseratu miyambo yakale ndi miyambo. Choncho, mitunda anayamba kuyenda ansembe ndi okhulupirira, kumalola Iisus Hristos anabadwa ndi kumutamanda. miyambo imeneyi ndi anapulumuka ku nthawi yathu. Ngakhale amakonda Khirisimasi carols eni amachita osati mphatso zosiyana, tinaganiza kupewa. Polesie kolyadovschikov okhulupirira sankaloledwa kunyumba, monga ankaganiza kuti padzakhala yokolola mapira, ndipo anthu caroling malinga ndi mwambo wakale, mowolowa manja mphoto ndi kumuthokoza.