Adrianople dziko. Poti Adrianople Mtendere

Relations pakati Russia ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman m'mbiri yonse yaitali anali ovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri zotsutsana ndale anali anatsimikiza nkhondo. Childs, mfundo anaikidwa ndi chimaliziro cha zimenezi mu nkhondo. Mapale kaŵirikaŵiri anatsimikiza za tsogolo la anthu wonse amene anali malire a maufumu awiri. Mwa iwo ndi Adrianople Mtendere.

Background (zaka 18)

Choyamba Adrianople mtendere pakati Russia ndi Ottoman yosainidwa pa 13 June 1713. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, Ottoman Ufumu otsika Azov ndi pafupi ndi mpanda wolimba dera Aurelie mtsinje. Pankhaniyi, mapeto a panganolo mu 1713 ankaona bwino mgwirizano wa mayiko a boma Russian, monga ntchito kulimbana kwa mphamvu pa gombe la kum'mwera kum'mawa Baltic. patatha zaka zisanu ndi ku Constantinople pakati pa maiko awiri yosainidwa "lopitirira Mtendere," ndipo patapita zaka, zinthu zinachitika kuti oimira kukumana kachiwiri mu mzinda wa Adrianople.

Zonse zinayamba ndi chakuti mu October 1827 boma la Ottoman (Port) afunga pa Bosphorus kwa Russian apanyanja. Ichi chinali chosemphana ndi msonkhano wa mayiko Akkerman. Akuluakulu Turkey zifukwa zimene anachitira ponena kuti Nicholas Ine kuthandiza Ahelene kumenyera ufulu. Sultan Mahmud II ankadziwa potero n'zothandiza nkhondo asilikali Choncho analamula mpanda wa malo achitetezo pa Danube ndipo anasamukira likulu kuti Adrianople (Edirne). mzinda adalowa mbiri ya anthu kwa zaka zambiri pamaso zotchulidwa. Ndipotu, pa njira ku izo mu 4 m'ma AD, panali Nkhondo ya Adrianople, imene inatha ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa ufumu wa Roma komanso chinali chiyambi cha misa kusamuka kumadzulo ndi wokonzeka.

Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1828-1829)

Nicholas Sindinathe koma kuyankha kwa ankhanza amachita madoko. April 14, 1828 ndi Russian Ufumu mwalamulo analengeza nkhondo pa Turkey. Pasanathe masiku khumi wa 6 oyenda Corps Fedora Geysmara anabwera Moldova, ndi pa May 27 anayamba kuwoloka pa Danube, limene anapezeka mfumu yekha.

Kenako asilikali Russian anali anazinga ndi Varna. Limodzi ndi nkhondo izi zinakambidwa Anapa ndi Asian Turkey. Makamaka, June 23, 1828 analandidwa Kars, ndipo pambuyo akuchedwa yaing'ono kugwirizana ndi Mliri wa, wagwa kapena kuperekedwa popanda kukana Akhalkalaki, Akhaltsikhe, Atshur, Ardahan, Poti ndi Bajazet.

Pafupifupi asilikali onse Russian anakumana mwansangala, monga ambiri a anthu a m'madera kumene nkhondo inali ikupitirira, sanali Agiriki, Bulgarians, Serbia, ku Armenia, ku Georgia, Romanians nthumwi za mayiko ena, kudzinenera Chikhristu. Kwa zaka zambiri, iwo ankaziona monga nzika wachiwiri kalasi ndipo anali kuyembekeza kuti asiye goli Ottoman.

Kuwerengetsera thandizo la Greek m'dera ndi anthu Chibugariya, August 7, 1829 ndi Russian asilikali, wopangidwa mwa onse a anthu 25 000 anabwera Adrianople. mkulu wa asilikali uja sakuyembekezera mchitidwe zimenezi, ndipo anapereka mzinda, ndipo patapita kanthawi anagwa komanso Erzurum. Mwamsanga zitachitika izo, mu muyitaneni ku Werengerani Dibich anafika woimira Sultan ndi pempholo kunena mgwilizano kudziwika monga Pangano la Adrianople.

nkhondo akamaliza

Ngakhale kuti maganizo kunena Adrananopolsky dziko anadza ku Turkey, Porta anayesa m'njira iliyonse kumangitsa zokambirana, poganiza kuti kukopa Britain ndi Austria kwa mkazi wake. mfundo Zimenezi wopambana, monga Pasha Mustafa, anakana kuchita nawo nkhondo, adaganiza kuti zilipo lamulo lake Turkey zikwi makumi anai Albania asilikali. Iye anamaliza Sofia ndipo anaganiza kupitiriza. Komabe Dibich anali mutu wake ndipo anati Turkey nthumwi kuti ngati Adrianople dziko sati anamaliza pamaso 1 September amayamba ndi zikuluzikulu kuukira Constantinople. Sultan anachita mantha ndi kuzinga zotheka mwa likulu, natuma likulu la asilikali Russian wa kazembe German ndi pempho kuti anayamba kukonzekera kusaina mgwirizano pa kutha kwa nkhondoyi.

Poti Adrianople

September 2, 1829 mu taitanidwa kuti apindule Dibich beshdefterdar (chuma mtetezi) Mehmet Sadik Efendi, ndi mkulu wa asilikali Woweruza wa Ottoman Abdul Kadir Bey. Anatumidwa ndi Porte kusaina pangano la Adrianople. M'malo mwa Nicholas Ine, chikalatacho anali mbiri yabwino ndi anasaina wa Chiwerengero A. F. Orlova, ndi woyang'anira zosakhalitsa maukulu F. P. Palena.

Pangano la Adrianople (1829): zili

chikalata imakhala nkhani 16. Malinga ndi iwo:

1. Turkey kubwerera madera ake onse European amatanganidwa nkhondo ya 1828-1829, kupatula m'kamwa mwa Danube, pamodzi ndi zilumba. Otsika monga Kars, Akhaltsikhe ndi Akhalkalaki.

2. Russian Ufumu analandira lonse kum'mawa gombe la nyanja Black, kuchokera mkamwa ya Kuban Mtsinje m'madoko ankaba kuntchito kwawo St. Nicholas. Kuti zinyalala ake achitetezo Anapa, Poti, Sudzhuk ndowe, komanso m'tauni ya Akhalkalaki ndi Akhaltsikhe.

3. Ottoman yokhala anazindikira kusintha kwa Russian Imereti, Kartli-Kakheti ufumu, Guria ndi Samegrelo, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku Iran Erivan ndi Nakhichevan khanates.

4. Turkey walonjeza kuti kusokoneza ndimeyi mwa Bosporus ndi Dardanelles Russian ndi zombo wamalonda yachilendo.

5. olamuliridwa ndi boma Russian anapatsidwa ufulu malonda ku dera lonse la Ufumu wa Ottoman, sakanachitira ulamuliro kwa makonsolo.

6. Turkey wakhala zaka imodzi ndi theka kulipira indemnity (pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni Dutch ducats).

7. Kuwonjezera, mgwirizanowo uli amafuna kuzindikira ndi kudziyimira pawokha wa Serbia, komanso Chimoludaviyani ndi Wallachian maukulu.

8. Turkey nayenso amasiya kuyesa kupeza convening ya msonkhano wa mayiko osiyanasiyana ufulu wa boma Greek.

mtengo

Adrianople dziko inali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko cha malonda Black Sea. Komanso yayenda inalowa ku Russian Ufumu wa m'madera a Caucasus. udindo wake ofunika kwambiri kubwezeretsa ufulu wa Greece, ngakhale lamulo limeneli si yokhala chinanena mu zikhalidwe za pangano la Adrianople mu chaka 1829.