Konstantinov mtanda: phindu chithunzi

mwambo uliwonse wachipembedzo chibadidwe akonzedwa yakeyake zizindikiro wauzimu. Iwo akhoza onse ndi mbali ya Logos mtundu, ndi kunyamula kwambiri sacral-mysterial nzeru. Yotero kuti lamulo limeneli ndi Chikhristu. Pakuti kukhulupirirana wake onse (mu panopa chikale) kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ophiphiritsa esoteric ndipo zachitika yekha, nthawi zina kukongoletsa ndi Mipikisano faceted khalidwe lawo. Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zimenezo, ndicho otchedwa mtanda wa Mfumu Constantine, ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Nthano za chiyambi cha mtanda wa Constantine

Kwenikweni, chilemba - osati mtanda. Ndi bwino kutchedwa monogram - chizindikiro anapanga makalata angapo, kusonyeza chithunzi cha khalidwe makamaka a yachipembedzo - Yesu Khristu. Malingana ndi mwambo wa Mkhristu, mtanda Konstantinov anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya mpingo. Mu mphamvu ndi tanthauzo ndi kuwonjezera pa mtanda mwachizolowezi.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kwa Akristu? Yankho la funso limeneli kwapatsidwa mwa nthano zotsatirazi: Kumayambiriro a nyengo ya chikhristu, m'zaka za m'ma lachinayi Roma panali kusamvana pakati pa akuluakulu a boma awiri - Maxentius ndi Constantine. mkangano chifukwa anali nkhondo kudziwika monga Nkhondo ya Milvian Bridge (312 chaka). Madzulo a nkhondo Mfumu Constantine "Mwa likagonjetsa izi chizindikiro" anaonekera mu mlengalenga chizindikiro yeniyeni, kenako mawu. Potengera chodabwitsa zodabwitsa, Constantine analamula kubereka chizindikiro zishango za asilikali, ndi kuziyika izo pa labarum - nkhondo lachifumu mbendera.

Ndipotu anapambana Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga tidzapambana pa nkhondo, Constantine anapanga chizindikiro cha maziko kusindikiza munthu ndi chizindikiro cha boma. Iye anakhala waluso chikhulupiriro internally Mkhristu. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yaitali wosabatizidwa, amanena ulamuliro wake, iye nthawizonse asiye kuzunza ndi kuvutitsidwa la Akhristu Roma. Mtanda Konstantinov alipo hristogrammoy, ntchito mu mipingo. Dzinali ena - chrism.

Izo zimanyezimiritsa nthano zenizeni za mbiri yakale kapena ayi, koma momveka bwino chifukwa Akhristu kotero yokondedwa ndi kuzindikira chizindikiro ichi. Iye anatembenuka kalekale, kujambula Mfumu - lopambana achikunja wansembe - kumbali ya Akhristu, zotsatira zake n'zakuti kagulu ka otsatira a Yesu anayamba gululi ambiri azipembedzo m'dzikoli.

Woyamba kutchulidwa hristogrammy

Woyamba kudziwika kwa tsiku amawatenga, kutanthauza mtanda Konstantina Velikogo - izo ntchito za mbiri ya tchalitchi Lactantius (320 chaka). Iwo imabereka Baibulo pamwamba pa zochitika Kuwonjezera kuti chodabwitsa anali limodzi ndi liwu limene anabwereza mu Greek Latin lolembedwa.

Wina wolemba mbiri ya tchalitchi, ndipo pambali, ndi wolemba mbiri munthu wa Constantine - Eusebius, Bishop wa Neo-Kaisareya, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, inalengeza awiri mabaibulo chiyambi hristogrammy. Malinga kale, anali tsogolo Mfumu kale 312, pamene anali ku Gau. Komabe, iye patapita nthawi amasiya Baibulo ili, subordinating kufotokoza maganizo muyezo. Komabe, iye, kunena za mseri lipoti m'kamwa mwa mfumu yekha, adati chimene chinali chizindikiro cha dzuwa waposa ndi pamodzi ndi Konstantin choonetsedwa anaonera khamu lonse la anthu zikwi makumi anai.

Gwero lachitatu monga umboni wa m'modzi wa asilikali omwe anapita kunkhondo ya mlatho ndi Mulviyskogo Maso ako ndinapenya pa Konstantinov kuwoloka kumwamba. dzina lake - Artemije ndi nkhani yake umalimbana padzuwa mfumu ya Yuliana Otstupnika, amene, monga amadziwika, amasiya Christianity, anaganiza kutsitsimutsa mabungwe achikunja mu Ufumu wa Roma. Iwo Artemije ndipo anaphedwa.

Origin hristogrammy

kafukufuku mbiri zikusonyeza kuti chrism ndi chiyambi Chikristu chisanayambe ndipo mosakayikira akhala anabwereka ndi kusinthidwa ndi atsogoleri a tchalitchi pa zifukwa ziwiri:

1. Chifukwa Akhristu akhala akuletsedwa anawakakamiza kuti anagwirizana nazo ndipo ntchito wamba zizindikiro zachikunja, kuwadzaza ndi okhutira yake. Mu njira yomweyo pakati pa Akristu anali wotchuka chifanizo cha Orpheus, Helios ndi milungu ina. A Konstantinov mwachindunji kuwoloka - izo ayenera kusinthidwa dzuwa chizindikiro cha wakale Akasidi.

2. Mawu achigiriki otanthauza "Chrestos" kutanthauza "auspicious", akhozanso kukhala ankaimira zimaonetsa ndi zilembo ziwiri zoyambirira. Chifukwa cha khalidwe mosavuta zachikhristu mu mabwalo a otsatira a Yesu, amene anapereka iye tanthauzo la "khristu".

Lang'anani, ngakhale nthawi dokonstantinovskie pali mitundu ingapo ya monograms Mkhristu achikunja awo analipo zithunzi.

Kufalitsa chrism

Pamaso hristogramma unadziwika ngati mtanda wa Saint Constantine, icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu munda wa mpingo wachikhristu. Zitsanzo wamkulu wa akupezeka mu mphanga - manda mobisa, amene ali mamembala a mpingo ntchito ngati malo a misonkhano ndi utumiki. zizindikiro zofanana anatitulutsa ndi maliro zipilala ndi sarcophagi Akhristu.

Pambuyo legalization wa khalidwe anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chizindikiro achipembedzo mu kachisi yomangidwa kumene. Komano, iye anali mchitidwe wa ulemerero, ndi yokongola - iwo ali chokongoletsedwa mbale, nyali, mabokosi zodzikongoletsera zina ziwiya mpingo. Mu mabwalo a boma, monga zanenedwa, hristogramma anali boma chisindikizo cha Constantine yekha ndi ena m'malo, komanso chizindikiro cha boma cha Labarum asilikali, m'malo malo mwambo wa mphungu Roma.

monogram ιχ

Komanso, hristogramma, zowoneka ofanana ndi kalata Russian "F", ankagwiritsa ntchito mu mipingo yachikhristu kale m'zaka za m'ma III, Pasanapite nthawi inalowa wa Constantine ku mpando wachifumu. Panalibe ρ kalata (rho) - m'malo zinali ι (dontho), kutanthauza "Yesu". N'zothekanso kuti kalata ina Munapezatu view wophiphiritsa wa ubusa (ie Episcopal pakati pa Akristu) ndodo - ndodo ndi mapeto zopotoka. Iye ndiye kenako anayamba kugwirizana ndi kalata p.

monogram χρ

Baibulo limeneli khalidwe waukulu, ndipo ngati ine anganene choncho, mu mpingo ovomerezeka Mkhristu. Kuti iye amatchedwa "Cross wa Constantine." Photos anapereka m'munsimu izo.

Pa Tanthauzo la chrism

Magulu osiyanasiyana lachinsinsi, monga mwa Orthodox, ndipo mwa zizolowezi zina, Ufumuyo kufunika tanthauzo la mkati mwa makalata Greek. Ngakhale Chipangano Chatsopano muli malo achindunji gematria wa - kufufuza njira zobisika tanthauzo mwa mawerengedwe n'zosangalatsa kumva zizigwirizana makalata a mawu ndi mayina. Mu njira yomweyo munthu akhoza kukambirana mtanda Constantine.

Lotanthauza pali Ufumuyo zilembo ziwiri zoyambirira za mawu akuti "Khristu". Kuchuluka kwa mfundo n'zosangalatsa kumva ndi ndendende 700 amene anakhudza mu njira yapadera mu zovuta zamulungu ampatuko. Choncho, mu wakale koma pang'ono odziwika lero, mwambo wa nambala 700 waima ponena za Khristu. Ndipo ngati Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani makalata payekha hristogrammy timapeza zotsatirazi: χ (Malaki) - macrocosm kumatanthauza kuchotsedwa chonse. Mtengo n'zosangalatsa kumva - 100. A ι (dontho), mosiyana, chikuyimira microcosm. Mtengo wake - 10. Choncho, zithunzi chizindikiro cha mgwirizano microcosm ndi macrocosm - interconnection gawo ndi lonse, wamng'ono mpaka wamkulu. Pankhani ya patapita Baibulo chrism kumene ι m'malo mwa ρ, chilengedwe chizindikiro zikutanthauza Mulungu (makalata chifukwa ρ manenedwe). Mawuwa mtengo wa mphamvu za kulenga za dongosolo la dziko, mkazi zobereka mphamvu.

otchulidwa zokhudzana

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamodzi ndi chrism makalata awiri a zilembo Greek - α (Alpha) ndi ω (Omega), ndiwo makalata loyamba ndi lomaliza la zilembo za Chigiriki, ndipo amasonyeza chiyambi ndi mapeto a dziko, komanso onse alili ake ontological unazunguliridwa mu makalata wapakatikati. Chiyambi cha ophiphiritsa izi mu Chikhristu anapereka Baibulo, koma makamaka buku la Chivumbulutso, pamene mawu akuti "Ine ndine Alefa ndi Omega" amaika m'kamwa mwa Yesu Khristu.