Krete-Mycenaean chikhalidwe: nthano chikukwaniritsidwa

chikhalidwe Krete-Mycenaean linatsegulidwa ndi kuphunzira nthano zakale Greek ndi ndakatulo wachisavundi wa Homer. Kuzitsatira, H. Schliemann ndi A. Evans anaululira dziko chuma zodabwitsa za dziko wakale, kale nthano. A malo apadera pakati pa zipilala za izi chikhalidwe wakale zatenga manda a Mycenae ndi Knossos Palace.

Minos Palace

Krete, mzinda amadziwika m'nyumba zake zakale. Ofukula mabwinja a Knossos, Gurney, Fesito Mali ndi Kato Zaro. Koma chipilala kwambiri a Cretan zomangamanga anakhala m'bwalo la Minos pa Knossos ili. Chikhalidwe ambiri Mycenaean kugwirizana ndi nyumba imeneyi. mbiri yake inextricably zogwirizana ndi nthano poluchelovek-polubyk Minotaur, Mfumu Minos ndi ngwazi Greek Theseus.

Knossos m'dera 16 chikwi. M². Zinali chisokonezeko zovuta zipinda zosiyanasiyana, choncho ngati kwa Agiriki "kukhotakhota", kumene kunali kosatheka kutuluka. Minos Palace inamangidwa 2 Zakachikwi BC. Linamangidwa zaka mazana angapo. Pakati pa malowa kwambiri pabwalo, adali ndi ntchito miyambo inali. Zogundana zipinda ndi masitepe ambiri, zipilala, tambirimbiri, masitepe ndiponso maiwe kusambira.

Zipinda kutsogolo amaphatikiza yaikuluikulu "Tron" zipinda ndi zipinda misonkhano ya chipembedzo. Mbali wamkazi wa chuma, ndi chipinda phwando, bafa ndi zipangizo zina zambiri. Nyumba yachifumu anali sewerage maukonde kutumikira osambira, mabeseni ndi zimbudzi. Kodi ija inali chikhalidwe Mycenaean angalimvetse ndi kufufuza mfundo za panyumba ya Knossos. Makamaka, mukhoza kuona zodabwitsa "zopanda nzeru" yachiwiri. nyumba kuposa mitundu wakale wa mzati akulandira downwards, ndipo m'nyumba ya Minos, Mosiyana, ikutha. Komanso, iwo anali chokongoletsedwa ndi chitsanzo yokhotakhota. Mkati mwa mpanda wa nyumba yachifumu munali zithunzi zokongola ziwembu mu mawonekedwe a mapini kusintha mwauzimu kapena mafunde.

manda a Mycenae

chikhalidwe Mycenaean chionekera maliro luso lake. Choncho, kutali ndi nyumba yachifumu Mycenaean ndi necropolis achifumu, anamanga mu 16 m'ma BC. e. Amakhala m'manda angapo kutsinde, amene anaikidwa mu mamembala a m'banja lachifumu. Ambiri a m'manda ndi amakona anayi mu mawonekedwe. Iwo apeza golide stylized masks kuti zimafalitsa makhalidwe Mycenae olamulira. Wabweza lonse kutchuka achilungamo Agamemnon, mmodzi wa atchulidwa za Iliad. Ndipo korona akazi ndi riboni lonse ndi matabwa mkulu anapezeka. chokongoletsera awo umboni Mycenaean mfumukazi kulankhulana ndi milungu zounikira.

M'manda Mycenaean, akatswiri anapeza daggers mkuwa ndi amangomvera kuzikongoletsa ndi zosiyanasiyana zithunzi. Makamaka, zithunzi za kusaka, waterfowl, akuthamanga mikango, nyenyezi kumwamba. Komanso, mphete zagolide anapezeka-yosindikiza. Tikumbukirenso ziwiya zagolide, lide ndi siliva. The Achaeans anakhulupirira ziwiya ngati ziri zofunikira kwa chitsitsimutso tsogolo la akufa. Ena mwa iwo ali mu mawonekedwe a nyama kapena ng'ombe nyanga.

Ngakhale zinthu zofunika kwambiri zosiyanasiyana, Krete-Mycenaean chikhalidwe, monga ena ambiri, anali anthu a kudzitsitsa. akatswiri a masiku ano kusonkhana ndi chifooke ndi tsoka sakudziwika komwe kunachitika pakati pa zaka 1250 ndi 1190. BC. e.