Kugwiritsa yoweyula katundu wa kuwala. mapindidwe akuwala grating

Yoweyula chikhalidwe cha kuunika kale kuti kunali kwa nthawi yaitali. Kuti athetse mavuto othandiza amagwiritsa ntchito mfundo za Optics zojambula, koma yoweyula katundu wa kuunika ndi kwambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana sayansi yamakono ndi luso. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi mapindidwe akuwala. Luso yoweyula kukhotetsa padziko mavuto nawo mu njira yake, ndi yodziwika ndi kuwala. zodabwitsazi kumachitika pamene mafunde kugwa mwa kuchuluka kwa otchedwa mthunzi zojambula. Malongosoledwe a chodabwitsa mapindidwe akuwala amapereka mfundo Huygens. Malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi, mfundo panjira yoweyula kudzuka, amakhala pakati pa mafunde sekondale. Envelopu mafunde awa amaperekedwa wavefront udindo mfundo wotsatira mu nthawi.

Mu chitsanzo ndege funde zambiri zinachitika pa dzenje anapanga mu chophimba opaque, chiphunzitso cha Huygens, mfundo chimene allocated otsegula gawo la wavefront, chibadwa kukhala gwero la mafunde sekondale (mu homogeneous isotropic sing'anga ndi ozungulira).

Wokwanira kumanga envelopu mafunde sekondale ku malo ena nthawi, mosavuta mme- chodabwitsa mapindidwe akuwala yoweyula m'mphepete mwa una. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti wavefront akulowa malo otchedwa mthunzi geometrical.

Ntchito katundu mapindidwe akuwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito chipangizo, wotchedwa mapindidwe akuwala grating. Mu zatsopano wawo woyamba yokhudza za mapindidwe akuwala kuwala Dzheyms Gregori ntchito nthenga mwachizolowezi. Kenako, iye m'malo mwa chindunji chipangizo kuwala. The mapindidwe akuwala grating imasindikizidwa padziko akonzedwa winawake wa nambala yaikulu ya mizere anakonza zonse. Iwo akhoza kukhala mipata ndi zolosera, malingana ndi mtundu umene grating konkire.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya lattices - Kuganizira ndi poyela. Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo zipangizo kuti ntchito pamwamba chimawala zikoti ntchito. The chachiwiri mandala pamwamba ntchito pano ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chikunena liza, ndi kudula.

Mfundo zikugwira ntchito ya mapindidwe akuwala ndi grating kusakhulupirira yoweyula katundu wa kuwala. Kuswa grille kuwala yoweyula kutsogolo ntchito zikwapu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapanga otchedwa matabwa munthu kuwala coherent. Likufa mapindidwe akuwala ndi kukhudza, kuona nyenyezizo ndi mzake. Popeza kuti adziwana dzulo wa kusokonezedwa maxima kulenga kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino chosiyana (anatsimikiza njira kusiyana kusokoneza matabwa), analandira pa linanena bungwe linakwiriridwa mu sipekitiramu kuwala woyera.

The mapindidwe akuwala grating ntchito monga chipangizo zosiyanasiyana za zochita za anthu. Ndi ntchito zida spectroscopic ndi mmene a zimatulutsa kuwala kwa okhota (liniya) kuyenda ndi monga polarizers kapena Zosefera infuraredi. Komanso, kungakhale mtengo ziboda kwa interferometers kapena galasi "odana chimawala" mfundo.

Pali mapindidwe akuwala grating chifukwa X-ray. Pangani kunapezeka kuti mwaukadaulo n'zosatheka ntchito. Kuti athetse vutoli, asayansi tayenda njira yoyamba. Pakuti kuwonongeka kwa X-ray ntchito lattices galasi timibulu ena.

Monga khalidwe waukulu imatengedwa kusamvana mapindidwe akuwala grating. Akuimira chiwerengero cha mizere mu gululi, amene kuchulukitsa ndi dongosolo la mtengo pazipita. Mawu amenewa akhoza kulembedwa zambiri monga amanena kuti kusiyana pafupipafupi khalidwe wofanana ndi reciprocal ya kusiyana pakati pa intervals nthawi ya ndime cheza poipa kwambiri, wotchedwa kulowerera.

Tsiku ndi tsiku chitsanzo chabwino mapindidwe akuwala grating atha kutumikira ngati litayamba yaying'ono kapena mbale. Koma kupanga zida mafakitale zida ntchito zina zamakono mwandondomeko mkulu.