Kukonzekera ethylene

Ethylene kapena ethene - ndi colorless, flammable mpweya ndi muscat wofatsa ndi fungo. mankhwala chilinganizo ake C2H4. Ethene ndi alkene losavuta (chimasanduka unsaturated ndi munthu wachiphamaso mgwirizano maatomu pafupi mpweya). Molar misa - 28,05 g / mol. Limatsogolera mfundo - -169,2 ° C, otentha kutentha - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, ndi autoignition - +542,8 ° C. Mu 1680, I. Berger (German dokotala ndi sayansi) wa ethyl mowa atadziŵa mafuta a vitriol (wotchedwa pamene asidi sulfuric) koyamba chakwaniritsidwa kupeza ethylene ku Mowa. The structural chilinganizo cha ethylene 1860, kukhazikitsa Russian sayansi A. M. Butlerov zimene methyl iodide ndi mkuwa. gasi Ichi ndi pang'ono opepuka kuposa mpweya, ndi bwino sungunuka m'madzi, solvents organic, - wabwino.

ethylene Kukonzekera ndi kuphunzira katundu, chiyambi cha limene limafotokoza za m'ma 19 kwachititsa lero kuti ethylene ndi wotchuka organic pawiri. kupanga padziko lonse wafika matani oposa mamiliyoni 109 mu 2006. Masiku ano, kupeza ethylene akupitiriza kusintha. Ndi 2010, zinabala zosachepera 117 makampani m'mayiko 55. Ethylene ntchito monga zopangira kupanga polyethylenes a kuthamanga sevilene mkulu ndi otsika ndi zipangizo zina polymeric analandira m'kati copolymerization ndi comonomers zosiyanasiyana. Ndiponso ntchito yopanga ethylbenzene ndi styrene, okusayidi ethylene, vinilu enaake, vinilu nthochi, asidi acetic, ethyl mowa ndi ethylene glycol.

Kodi n'chiyani chinachititsa kukula mphamvu kupanga umalimbana kupeza ndi ethylene? Makamaka patsogolo msika zipangizo polymeric. Polyethylene mtundu zimawononga oposa theka la kupanga dziko la ethylene. Nkhani polymeric ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki mu dziko. Chifukwa anapanga filimu zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Liniya alpha-olefins akamagwira oligomerization (mapangidwe unyolo lalifupi polima) ntchito monga precursors, detergents, plasticizers, lubricants kupanga, zina, ndipo comonomers kupanga polyethylenes. Ntchito ina yaikulu ya ethylene malangizo - ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ake kubala, umene uli waukulu zopangira kupanga wothandizila pamwamba-udakali okusayidi detergents ethylene. okusayidi ethylene pansi pa hydration chifukwa analandira ethylene. Ambiri ntchito monga zoletsa kuwuma ndi magalimoto.

Lero, yokonza ethylene ikuchitika kwenikweni ndi pyrolysis wa molunjika athamangadi mafuta kapena kachigawo lonse la chimasanduka kuwala. Mu Russia ndi USSR kale pali osiyana mphamvu unsembe anamanga onse m'banja (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) ndi umisiri yachilendo (Linde AG). kupanga alipo zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: (. 300 ndi 450 zikwi matani ethylene pachaka) Mphamvu otsika (. matani 30 ndi 60 pa chaka ethylene), Yapakatikati (. tonnes 100 ndi 200 zikwi pa chaka) Ndipo mkulu. Amene dziko ndi opareshoni zomera ndi mphamvu yaikulu: kuchokera 400 mpaka 500 komanso ngakhale matani 800 zikwi za ethylene pa chaka. Umenewu kupanga zimathandiza kuchepetsa yeniyeni chuma, mphamvu ndi likulu ndalama.

Kukonzekera ethylene ikuchitika mu mafakitale mankhwala, kuphatikizapo pyrolysis zomera, unit mpweya kupatukana, atakhala demineralizer. Zopangira - mpweya kapena zina kuwala mafuta kachigawo mu kuyenga kapena zosakaniza zake ndi nthunzi ya madzi (a ndondomeko kuchepetsa mapangidwe coke machubu ng'anjo). The zopangira amaperekedwa kwa pyrolysis ng'anjo, kumene kutentha 750 kwa 900 ° C anapanga pyrogas ongokhala hydrogen ndi chimasanduka amene mamolekyulu ali limodzi (dziko) kuti mpweya maatomu makumi awiri. Kutentha pyrolysis kukuchitikanso mu zida wapadera, amene amapangidwa kuchokera madzi ankachitira nthunzi kuthamanga ndi utakhazikika pyrogas akulowa utomoni kulekana wagawo pyrolysis (lolemera) ndi pyrocondensate. Kenako pyrogas munali makamaka chimasanduka ku C1 kuti C4, umaperekedwa kwa turbocharger (ndi chopangira mphamvu lotengeka ndi nthunzi kuthamanga), amene ali pamavuto ndi kudyetsedwa kwa distillation ndime dongosolo mpweya kulekana. Pali Kugawilidwa kwanthaka katundu zikuluzikulu monga ethylene ndi propylene (linanena bungwe ake, poyerekeza ndi ethylene, nthawi zonse kawiri zochepa), ndi byproducts a hayidirojeni, methane, ethane, propane, butylene-butadiene nusu, phula pyrolysis kuwala kapena zigawo avtmobilnyh mafuta.

Komanso n'zotheka kukonzekera ethylene othandizira pyrolysis. Mu lonse mafakitale njira izi sadatsatire, ngakhale mlandu wake m'dziko lathu pa nthawi yake ikuchitika osati zoikamo choyezera, komanso mapangidwe mafakitale. Ubwino n'zotheka kuchepetsa pyrolysis kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito catalysts. Ndi kuwonjezeka selectivity (selectivity) kwa ndondomekoyi ndi kuchuluka, poyerekeza ndi pyrolysis ikukhudzana zokolola za ethylene ndi propylene, yafupika mapangidwe umatuluka ndi coke. Panopa ofufuza m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ntchito kwa anthu kufufuza wogwira mtima chothandizira ndi hardware ndondomeko kamangidwe.