Kulamulira chimamangidwa bandeji ndipo tourniquet. Malamulo okhudza bintovyh Mavalidwe. Malamulo chimamangidwa kufinya bandeji

thandizo kwa anthu ovutika ndi kuvulala, fractures, sprains, kuvulala mitsempha, kusupuka, amayaka ndipo ena amakhala pafupi zosatheka popanda yake ndi akugwiritsira ntchito chigamba. Inde, chifukwa ligation ndi zoletsa matenda zina mabala ndi kuchepetsa kutaya mwazi zikachitika, ndi fixation wa fractures ndipo ngakhale kuyambitsa zotsatira achire pa bala.

Zokometsera ndi mitundu

A nthambi ya mankhwala kuti amaphunzira malamulo a bandaging ndi zingwe, mitundu ndi ntchito, wotchedwa desmurgy (Greek desmos - oyang'anira, kuvala ndi ergon - kuphedwa choncho).

Ndi tanthauzo, mavalidwe - njira ya chithandizo cha kuvulala ndi mabala, ndiko ntchito:

• kuvala zinthu zimene umagwiritsidwa mwachindunji chilonda;
• Kumangirira gawo lakunja, amene atakhazikitsa mavalidwe.

Paudindo kuvala ndi pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, zingakhale:

• mapaketi wapadera kuvala;
• zopukutira m'manja zimapezeka;
• swabs thonje;
• gauze mipira.

Mitundu ya njira Mavalidwe anakuta

view	mafotokozedwe	mitundu
Yoteteza kapena zofewa	Amakhala ndi mfundo imene umagwiritsidwa chilondacho, ndi Kupeza ndi bandeji Ntchito nthawi zambiri: chifukwa amayaka, mikwingwirima, mabala lotseguka	bintovye; zotanuka; colloid; kosynochnye; -tubular reticulate
Immobilization kapena olimba	Amakhala ndi mavalidwe ndi tayala Ntchito yonyamula woberedwa, mankhwalawa amatha kuvulala fupa ndi kugwirizana awo zotanuka	basi (opaleshoni, waya, zikhomo); gypsum; zomatira; zoyendera

chisamaliro chachikulu thanzi kwa kuvulala

The ndondomeko ya ntchito chigamba otchedwa ligation. cholinga chake ndi kufunika kutseka chilonda:

• kupewa matenda zina;
• kuti magazi asiye kutuluka;
• woyesetsa zotsatira achire.

malamulo General chimamangidwa nsalu pa mabala ndi kuvulala:

1. Sambani m'manja bwinobwino ndi sopo, ngati izi sizingatheke, ayenera osachepera amazisamalira antiseptic wapadera.
2. Ngati choipa - pachilonda, khungu pa iye mokoma kusamalira njira mowa wa hydrogen peroxide kapena ayodini.
3. Ikani wovulalayo (mtima) mu malo omasuka (atakhala pansi chigonere), motero mosavuta malo owonongeka.
4. Khalani munthu kutsogolo kwa wodwalayo penyani anachita.
5. Yambani kuti azivala "lotseguka" bandeji kuchokera kumanzere, ku periphery ya nthambi kwa thupi, kuchokera pansi mpaka pogwiritsa ntchito manja awiri.
6. Dzanja bandeji ayenera ndichotse pa chigongono, boma, ndi mwendo - chilili.
7. The awiri kapena atatu oyamba ankasinthana (kuzungulira) ayenera kuletsedwa kwa bandeji izi mwamphamvu momuzungulira malo narrowest wawo.
8. swathe Komanso motere ndi mavuto yunifolomu popanda makwinya.
9. Aliyense zolowa oyang'anira yapita chimakwirira za umodzi m'lifupi lachitatu.
10. M'dera anavulala lalikulu, bandeji sangakhale okwanira, koma pansi pa mapeto woyamba enclose chiyambi wachiwiri, ikuthandizira ili mfundo zozungulira koyilo.
11. Kumaliza kuvala, kupanga awiri kapena atatu zolowa chikukonzekera bandeji.
12. Monga zina fixation bandeji akhoza kudula m'magulu awiri mapeto kuwoloka pakati pa iwo, kuti mozungulila kuvala ndi zomangira mfundo amphamvu.

Mitundu ya nsalu bintovyh

Musanayambe kuphunzira malamulo chimamangidwa bintovyh Mavalidwe ayenera kukhala bwino mitundu ya zingwe ndi njira ntchito zawo.

mitundu ya nsalu	Nthawi ntchito
Woonda nsalu, m'lifupi 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 masentimita ndi kutalika 5 mamita	Iwo perebintovyvayut zala ovulalawo
Avereji bandeji m'lifupi masentimita 10 ndi 12 kutalika 5 mamita	Oyenera ligation ndi kuvulala mutu, mkono wonse wakumanja, chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi malekezero (manja, mapazi)
Large bandeji ndi m'lifupi mwake wamkulu kuposa 14 cm, ndipo kutalika 7 mamita	Ntchito kutsatira nsalu pa chifuwa, ntchafu

Gawo bintovyh Mavalidwe:

1. Ndi mtundu:

• Aseptic youma;
• antiseptic youma;
• oopsa yonyowa Dries;
• imachepa;
• occlusive.

2. Mu chimamangidwa njira:

• zozungulira kapena mwauzimu;
• vosmiobraznaya kapena chamtanda;
• Njoka kapena zokwawa;
• spicate;
• kamba bandeji: divergent ndi convergent.

3. kutanthauzira:

• pa mutu wake;
• chapamwamba nthambi;
• pa malekezero m'munsi;
• pa pamimba ndi mafupa a chiuno;
• pa chifuwa;
• khosi.

Malangizo okhudza nsalu zofewa

Bintovye Mavalidwe ndi zogwirizana nthawi zambiri amatha kuvulala. Iwo kuteteza bala matenda sekondale ndi kuchepetsa mavuto chilengedwe.

Malamulo okhudza bandeji zofewa ali motere:

1. Wodwala aikidwa mu malo omasuka:

• mu mabala a mutu, pakhosi, chifuwa, chapamwamba nthambi - wakhala;
• mwakayakaya wa pamimba, mafupa a chiuno, mbali chapamwamba ntchafu - mosabvuta.

2. Sankhani bandeji malinga ndi mtundu wa kuwonongeka.

3. Muzicheza perebintovki ndondomeko ntchito malamulo zoyambirira za kuvala alipo.

Ngati munapanga bandeji, kutsatira malamulo a anakuta wa nsalu wosabala, compresses izo adzakomana mfundo zotsatirazi:

• kwathunthu kuphimba dera kuonongeka;
• sikusokoneza magazi zachilendo ndipo makope lymph;
• kukhala omasuka wodwalayo.

Malamulo okhudza bintovyh nsalu pa mitundu anakuta.

mtundu	Nthawi zambiri kuvala
abnet	Superimposed pa malo dzanja, m'munsi m'munsi mwendo pamphumi ndi zina zotero. Bint superimposed mwauzimu monga ndi zinthu mopitirira muyeso, ndipo popanda iwo. Bandeji ndi zobwera bwino anachita pa ziwalo kuti ndi mawonekedwe ovomerezeka
zokwawa bandeji	Iwo overlaps ndi cholinga kuyambirira fixation ya kuvala ndi kwa pabala
mtanda bandeji	Superimposed ndi kasinthidwe zovuta munda M'kupita kwa kuvala bandeji ayenera kufotokoza eyiti. Mwachitsanzo, chamtanda chigamba pa chifuwa anachita motere: 1 Inde - kupanga kusintha zingapo zozungulira kudutsa chifuwa; 2 sitiroko - bandeji kudutsa pamtima naperekos khalidwe la bwino axillary m'dera la mkono kumanzere; Mkombero 3 - kupanga titembenuzire mmbuyo pa mkono tsidya linalo kumene bandeji kachiwiri anapitiriza pachifuwa kwa armpit kumanzere, ndi crisscross wosanjikiza yapita; sitiroko 4 ndi 5 - bandeji kachiwiri anagwira kudutsa kumbuyo mu chitsogozo cha armpit bwino, kupanga vosmiobrazny sitepe; kukonza njira - bandeji momuzungulira chifuwa ndi amodzi
spica	Ndi mtundu wa vosmiobraznoy. anakuta, monga olowa phewa imagwiridwa motere: Inde 1 - bandeji ikuchitika mwa chifuwa ndi axilla wathanzi phewa zosiyana; sitiroko 2 - Front phewa bandeji siketi, kumbali akunja, kumbuyo, axilla, ndipo paphewa ake obliquely anamuukitsa, kuti awoloke wosanjikiza yapita; 3 Inde - amathera bandeji kudutsa armpit kumbuyo ku thanzi; sitiroko 4 ndi 5 - kubwerezabwereza a sitiroko oyamba lachitatu, poona kuti aliyense wosanjikiza atsopano ndi superimposed bandeji pang'ono pamwamba pa wina m'mbuyomu, kupanga chitsanzo pa mphambano za "kukwera"
kamba bandeji	Ntchito kuvala zimfundo Divergent kamba bandeji: pa malo a olowa zimapangitsa Poyankha mmodzi wa bandeji ya; mobwerezabwereza zozungulira pamwamba ndipo motsatana pansi pa wosanjikiza yapita kangapo, pang'onopang'ono kutseka onse malo anavulala; Aliyense wosanjikiza atsopano overlaps ndi yapita mu dzenje la bondo; akukonzekera zolowa ndi m'chiuno ndi Converging kamba bandeji: kupanga maulendo zotumphukira pamwamba ndi pansi pa olowa anavulala pamene crisscrossing ndi bandeji mu M'mimbamo popliteal; onse a ankasinthana zotsatirazi wa bandeji anapanga chimodzimodzi, akusunthira kwa likulu la olowa; akukonzekera zolowa ndi amachitidwa pa mlingo wa olowa pakati

ligation mutu

Pali mitundu ingapo ya nsalu pa mutu wake:

1. "kapu";

2. Easy;

3. "chapakamwa";

4. "Hippocratic kapu";

5 diso limodzi;

6. onse maso;

7 Neapolitan (khutu).

Bandaging zinthu mogwirizana ndi mtundu wawo

dzina	pamene ntchito
"Chepets"	Mu mabala a mazunzo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu
yosavuta	Pamene zotupa m'mapapo wa occipital, parietal, mazunzo gawo la mutu
"Kumanganso"	Mu mabala a gawo mazunzo a Chigaza, nkhope ndi kutsikira pa masaya
"Kapu ya Hippocrates"	Pali mbali ya kuwonongeka parietal
Diso limodzi	Mu nkhani ya kuvulala kwa diso limodzi
maso onse	Pamene ine anavulala maso onse
Neapolitan	Pamene khutu kuvulala

Maziko a malamulo chimamangidwa nsalu pa mutu wake ndi chakuti kaya mtundu wa Mavalidwe anapanga nsalu pafupifupi m'lifupi - 10 cm.

Mofanana ndi choipa chilichonse, ndikofunika kupereka yake chithandizo, ndiye kuwonongeka okwana mutu akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito Baibulo losavuta wa kuvala kwa - "kapu".

Malamulo kutsatira chigamba "kapu":

1. bandeji ndi kudula chidutswa za wina mita m'litali, umene ntchito ngati zingwe.

2. gawo Lake pakati umagwiritsidwa pamwamba pa mutu.

3. malekezero a zomangira ndi kugwirana manja onse, izi zikhoza kutheka kapena wothandizira kapena wodwala yekha ngati iye amadziwa.

4. akugwira ntchito ndi chikukonzekera wosanjikiza wa bandeji mozungulira mutu, asanafike zingwe.

5. Yambani kuzimata ndi bandeji padziko tayi ndipo kenako, pamutu.

6. Pa kufika kumapeto wosiyana drawstring, ndi bandeji ndi atakulungidwa pa komanso kuzungulira chigaza ndi imagwiridwa pang'ono pamwamba wosanjikiza choyamba.

7. zochita mobwerezabwereza ndi kumangirira kwathunthu kuphimba khungu.

8. Kupanga wozungulira komaliza, mapeto a bandeji ali womangidwa kwa mmodzi wa zomangira lapansi.

9. zomangira ali ananamizira pansi kuchigama.

Zitsanzo za chimamangidwa ena Mavalidwe ena

mtundu	Nthawi zambiri kuvala
yosavuta	Tengani bandeji kawiri kuzungulira mutu. Chotsatira patsogolo kuchita unakhota ndi kuyamba ntchito bandeji obliquely (kuchokera mphumi kwa nape kwa khosi), pang'ono apamwamba ochokera wosanjikiza zozungulira. Kumbuyo kwa mutu ndi mfundo ina Kukweza mawu ndi kale kumangirira kwa mbali ina ya mutu. Chimachititsanso kukonza, ndipo kenako abwereza ndondomeko kusintha malangizo a bandeji lapansi. Njira akubwerezedwa mpaka pamwamba ndi zophimbidwa ngakhale kuti kuiwala kuti alembe zonse ziwiri oblique sitiroko bandeji
"Kumanganso"	Pangani ankasinthana ziwiri mutu. Kenako bandeji choviikidwa pansi nsagwada m'munsi, ndi pansi khutu lake lamanja. Kwezani izo ku temechko mwa khutu kumanzere, motero. Zoterezi atatu koyilo umodzi, inatuluka ndi bandeji kwa khutu lamanja ikuchitika patsogolo pa khosi, mutu obliquely komanso kuzungulira mutu, motero akukonzekera zigawo za m'mbuyomo. Chotsatira kachiwiri adzatsika kumanja pansi nsagwada m'munsi, kuyesera kubisa kwathunthu yopingasa. Ndiye bandeji imachitidwa kumbuyo pobwereza stepi ino. Ndikubwerezanso kamodzinso adutsa khosi, ndiyeno potsiriza Kupeza ndi bandeji mozungulira mutu
Diso limodzi	Iwo akuyamba kuvala ndi ikuthandizira zigawo ziwiri za bandeji, yomwe ikuchitika pa nkhani ya zoipa diso lako lakumanja kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja, kumanzere - bwino. Ndiye bandeji ndi adatchithisira ndi zoipa pa mutu, ndi kuika pansi khutu, obliquely kudzera tsaya chimakwirira diso, ndi kuliika zozungulira Inde. Khwelero mobwerezabwereza kangapo, aliyense wosanjikiza atsopano kuphimba bandeji yapita pafupifupi theka

Ligation kwa magazi

Magazi - kutaya magazi kuphwanya umphumphu wa ziwiya magazi.

Malamulo okhudza kuvala kwa magazi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana

mtundu wa magazi	mafotokozedwe	Nthawi zambiri kuvala
wolumikizira	magazi ndi ofiira owala mtundu ndipo ali ndi amphamvu kugunda kwakusiyana	Impact malo pamwamba pa bala ndi m'manja, Kulumikizana, kapena kupindika nsalu. Mtundu bandeji - onongani
venous	Magazi utoto wakuda mtundu chitumbuwa ndi umayenda uniformly	Mbali zowonongeka za thupi kukweza apamwamba, wokakamiza bala wosabala gauze ndi bandeji mwamphamvu, ndiko kuti kufinya bandeji Chombocho chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa bala!
Capillary	Magazi amasokonezedwa mofanana ndi chilonda chonse	Gwiritsani ntchito bandage wosabala, pambuyo pake kutaya magazi kuyenera kuyima msanga
Kusokonezeka	Zimagwirizanitsa zikhalidwe za mitundu yapitayi	Gwiritsani ntchito bandage yolemetsa
Parenchymal (mkati)	Kutulutsa magazi kuchokera ku ziwalo za mkati	Apange kuvala pogwiritsa ntchito thumba la pulasitiki la ayezi

Malamulo akuluakulu amachititsa kuti mabanki azigwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa magazi m'mimba:

1. Bint ikhale pansi pa chiwalo, pang'ono pamwamba pa malo a bala.
2. Onetsetsani paketi ya chisanu (chabwino).
3. Sungani mwamphamvu kwambiri.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito mapeto.

Lamulo lofunika kwambiri la kuvala ndiko kuika zovala pazovala kapena kuika nsalu (pepala, thaulo, nsalu ndi zina zotero).

Ndizochita zoyenera, kutaya magazi kuyenera kuyima, ndipo malo pansi pa zofufuzira ziyenera kutembenuka. Onetsetsani kuti mutumizira kalata ku bandage ndi tsiku ndi nthawi (maola ndi mphindi) za kuvala. Pambuyo popereka chithandizo choyamba, sayenera kutenga maola oposa 1.5-2 asanabwerere kuchipatala, mwinamwake sungapulumutsidwe.

Malamulo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa bandage

Kugwiritsa ntchito mavalidwe kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa mtundu wonse wa magazi kunja kwa malo okulira, komanso kuchepetsa kukula kwa edema.

Malamulo a kukhazikitsidwa kwa bandage yolimbikira:

1. Khungu pafupi ndi bala (pafupifupi masentimita awiri mpaka anayi) amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oyambitsa matenda.
2. Ngati pali zinthu zakunja pakalonda, ziyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga.
3. Monga chovala chogwiritsira ntchito, ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi phukusi la bandage lokonzekera bwino kapena mpukutu wosabala wa cotton-gauze ngati izi siziri choncho, bandeji, mipukutu yoyera, napkins.
4. Kuvala kumaikidwa pachilonda ndi bandage, scarf, scarf.
5. Yesani kupanga bandage mwamphamvu, koma osati kukoka malo owonongeka.

Kuyenerera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molimbika kumangirira kumayima magazi. Koma ngati amatha kutulutsa magazi mofanana, ndiye kuti simukuyenera kumuchotsa asanapite kuchipatala. Izi ziyenera kukhala zolimba kuchokera pamwamba, ndikuyamba kukweza thumba lina laling'ono pansi pa bandage yatsopano.

Mbali za kuvala mwachibadwa

Kupaka chovala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kutsimikizira kusindikizidwa kwa malo owonongeka kuti athetse kukhudzana ndi madzi ndi mpweya. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popweteka mabala.

Malamulo a kuika kwa zovala zokhazokha:

1. Ikani wovutitsidwayo pamalo omwe mukukhala.
2. Gwirani khungu pafupi ndi bala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidine, mowa).
3. Pa chilonda ndi pafupi ndi thupi lomwe lili ndi masentimita asanu mpaka khumi, chophimba chotsutsana ndi mankhwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
4. Chotsatira chotsatira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mopanda madzi komanso zipangizo zouluka (makamaka mbali yopanda kanthu), mwachitsanzo, thumba la pulasitiki, kanema wa chakudya, nsalu yotsalira, mafuta ovala mafuta.
5. Gawo lachitatu liri ndi mapepala a cotton-gauze, omwe amachititsa kuti azibvundikira.
6. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi bandeji lalikulu.

Pogwiritsira ntchito kuvala, kumbukirani kuti chovala chilichonse chatsopano chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa chaka chapakati pa 5-10 masentimita.

Inde, ngati pali mwayi wotere, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito PPI - phukusi lovala, lomwe ndi bandage yokhala ndi mapaipi awiri a thonje. Mmodzi wa iwo ali wokonzeka, ndipo winayo akusunthira momasuka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala kwa aseptic

Kupaka mazira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pali bala lotseguka ndipo limafunika kuteteza kusokoneza ndi madera ena akunja kuti asalowemo. Izi sizikufunika kokha kugwiritsa ntchito kuvala moyenera, zomwe ziyenera kukhala zosavuta, komanso kuzikonzekera bwino.

Malamulo a kuikidwa kwa kuvala kwa aseptic:

1. Gwiritsani mabala ndi njira yapadera ya antiseptic, koma musagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanjira imeneyi.
2. Onetsetsani kuvulaza kwa gauze, kukula kwakukulu kuposa chilonda cha masentimita 5, poyamba kupangidwa m'magawo angapo.
3. Chomera chapamwamba cha thonje (chophweka mosavuta), chomwe chiri chachikulu kuposa chokhacho ndi masentimita awiri kapena atatu.
4. Onetsetsani kuvala molimba ndi bandage kapena pulasitiki yomatira pamtanda.

Choyenera, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala apadera a aseptic bandage. Zimakhala ndi zokopa zazing'ono zomwe zimamwa magazi bwino ndipo zimatulutsa bala.

Pofuna kuteteza chilonda kuti asatenge dothi komanso matenda, onetsetsani kuti amavala chovala cha thonje kuchokera kumbali zonse kupita kuchikopa mothandizidwa ndi pulasitiki. Ndiyeno muzikonzekera ndi bandeji.

Pamene kavalidwe kakamwetsedwa ndi magazi, chiyenera kusinthidwa mwachidwi ndi chatsopano: kwathunthu kapena kokha pamwamba. Ngati izi sizingatheke, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chosowa chovala china, chilondacho chikhoza kuwonongeka, chifukwa chotsitsa bandage yododometsedwa ndi ayodini tincture.

Kuphimbidwa ndi ma bandage opanga tayala

Pofuna kupereka chithandizo choyamba cha fractures, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kutsimikizira malo osokoneza bongo, zotsatira zake, kuchepetsa kupweteka komanso kuteteza kusamuka kwa mafupa a mfupa m'tsogolomu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za fracture:

• Kupweteka koopsa kumalo a chovulala, chomwe sichimaima kwa maola angapo.
• Kusokonezeka kwachisoni.
• Kutsekeka kwatsekedwa - kutupa, kutupa, maonekedwe a minofu pamalo owonongeka.
• Ndi kutseguka kotseguka, bala limene zidutswa za mafupa zimatuluka.
• Kusuntha pang'ono kapena kupezeka kwathunthu.

Malamulo akuluakulu ovala zovala zalamba:

1. Kuvala kumafunika kutsekedwa.
2. Popanda matayala apadera, mungagwiritse ntchito zinthu zopangidwa bwino: ndodo, ndodo, mapaipi ang'onoang'ono, olamulira, ndi zina zotero.
3. Onetsetsani kuti wogonjetsedwayo sakuyenda.
4. Pofuna kuthyola fracture, gwiritsani ntchito matayala awiri atakulungidwa ndi nsalu yofewa kapena ubweya wa thonje.
5. Ikani matayala pambali pa fracture, ayenera kumamatira mfundo zomwe zili m'munsiyi ndi pamwamba pa kuwonongeka.
6. Ngati fracture ikuphatikizidwa ndi bala lotseguka ndi kutaya magazi kwambiri, ndiye:

• Pamwamba pa fracture ndi kuvulaza zofufuzira zapamwamba;
• Bandage imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa bala;
• Pambali mwa chiwalo chovulala, matayala awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati mumapanga mtundu uliwonse wa bandage molakwika, ndiye m'malo momapereka chithandizo choyamba, mungathe kuvulaza thanzi lanu, zomwe zingayambitse imfa.