Kumpoto kwenikweni kufika Europe ndi ku Asia - Cape Chelyuskin

Chopereka apaulendo Russian mu mbiri ya Zinthu kwambiri Hrs anali mtundu wa amakakamizidwa, chifukwa dziko lalikulu la Urals Othandizana ufumu zinali zoona "yadothi incognita". Mu lalikulu malo kumpoto kwa nkhanza Arctic nyengo sizikanatheka midzi yokhazikika, ndi mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia anali akwaniritsa zikomo okha mtima kwakukulu ndi mphamvu ya udindo wa ofufuza Russian.

Ku Indian ku Arctic

Europe ndi ku Asia - kumtunda, amene ali oposa theka la malo okwana dziko ndi yaikulu pa dziko. Iye anakhala ambiri a anthu. Koma ngati kumwera kwa Africa m'madera Chilwa ikuluikulu ya circumpolar Arctic dera - yaikulu bwinja achisanu m'chipululu.

Pamene kutentha ya kum'mwera amakankhira zamoyo zonse mu mafunde ofunda ya Indian Ocean, monga chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira angamasuke ku mafunde a nyanja ndi mzake - kozizira, umene inakhazikitsa mu mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia - Cape Chelyuskin.

Great kumpoto ulendo

Kumapeto kwa 1732 pa kanthu lalikulu Russian wofufuza Vitus Bering pokonzekera ulendo unayambitsidwa, analandiranso dzina la Great North. magulu asanu a apaulendo anali kufufuza gombe Russian kuchokera mkamwa mwa Pechora mtsinje kugombe la Japan. Unakhalabe ndondomeko osadziwika wa mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia. The maphunziro a ku gombe la nyanja ya Arctic anali pa makadi pa nthawi zoyerekeza - lingamutsatire Arctic dera anakhalabe malo akusowekapo kwa Russian ndi dziko madera.

Kuyambira Lena kwa Taimyr

Mmodzi wa pankhani zovuta kwambiri - kuchokera mkamwa mwa Lena kwa Taimyr - nawo detachment pansi pa lamulo Vasiliya Pronchischeva. Iye wachita zinthu malo pafupifupi anasiya, kumene kunali unyinji wa anthu kumeneko. Waukulu ulendo chombo - boti ndi kupalasa-bwato dubel (ie kuwirikiza kawiri amene zida Zombo Zankhondo, kutalika - .. 20 m) "Yakutsk" - idagonjetsedwa ndi ayezi, kenako anamwalira Pronchishchev mkulu ndi mkazi wake. Maulendowa anapitiriza magulu atatu, kusuntha pouma. detachments awiri bwinobwino n'zochita za kuphunzira ndi sanjira a m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumpoto.

detachment wina analamulidwa Chariton Laptev, ena afika mpaka kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia - ndi kuyenda panyanja dubel-bwato "Yakutsk" Umuna Ivanovich Chelyuskin. Dzina loyamba mkulu ndi msuweni wake anakhala dzina circumpolar kwa Nyanja Laptev, dzina la Chelyuskin analidi nthano.

East North Cape

Pamodzi ndi atumwi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mu kutali nyanja yaikulu ya Tula tsogolo kapitawo panyanja anabadwa, dzina kwambiri kwambiri kumpoto kufika Europe ndi ku Asia, kutsegula zaka forte kenako. maphunziro awa, limodzi pa sukulu Moscow a masamu ndi navigation, lotseguka pa behest wa anayambitsa zombo Russian - Peter Ine, ndi utumiki mu nyanja ya Baltic ndi udindo wa oyendetsa sitima wothandizira.

Mwa dongosolo la odwala V. V. Pronchischeva, iye anali lamulo la "Yakutsk" ndi kuchotsa izo kwa ayezi patsogolo pa m'kamwa mwa mitsinje ya ku Siberia. Mu phunziro, kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Taimyr, limene adaperekeza detachment lotsogoleredwa ndi Chelyuskin anali mwatsatanetsatane ndigwira sikunachitekepo anasonyeza ndi katundu wambiri, ndi May 7, 1742 anafika otsika mwala promontory, amene anakhazikitsa nyumba anabwera naye ku mitengo ndi miyala anasonkhana.

Beyond malo palibe amene anabwera. Calculated kumpoto ndi longitude -77 ° 43'00 "ndi. yakumadzulo. 104 ° 18'00 "a. d. Cheliuskin mokoma anabweretsa mu zolemba zake, polongosola kumpoto Cape East. Awa anali ndondomeko ya mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia. Koma zinadziwika patapita nthawi yaitali, pamene zotsatira za ulendo anali kukonzedwa mu Russian Society Geographical.

Man ndi bwato

Kenako ulendo anafika kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Taimyr pambuyo zaka zana. Polemekeza centenary chintchito Wamkulu Siberia ulendo wa East-North Cape - kumpoto kwenikweni kufika Europe ndi ku Asia - izo anadzatchedwa ndi Cape Chelyuskin.

Dzina la kuyenda panyanja lodziwika bwino analandira mu 1932 combi Sitima, makamaka anamanga navigation mu ayezi mu sitima ya Denmark. "Chelyuskin" anali kutenga kuchokera mkamwa ya Lena mtsinje Vladivostok, T. Kwa. The utsogoleri Soviet ankasamalira kwambiri chitukuko cha ku Far North ndi Far East.

Chelyuskinskaya Saga

Kusambira, anali kuyambitsa navigation Arctic, anayamba August 2, 1933, ndipo September 1 Sitima Chelyuskin anafika Cape - kumpoto kwenikweni kufika Europe ndi ku Asia. Ndi nthawi idamangidwa pa siteshoni kumalo ozizira ndi Observatory, chimene anali wotsogozedwa ndi lodziwika bwino ID Papanin.

zinthu zina zochititsa chidwi apanga dzina la chombo, ndipo ndi izo dzina la kumalo ozizira Co-woyendetsa, dziko wotchuka. Mu Nyanja Chukchi chombo watsekedwa ndi ayezi ndi anayamba kutengeka kwa Bering Strait. 13 February 1934 Chaka, "Chelyuskin" Inabuka phompho achisanu, sanathe kulimbana ndi mavuto ambirimbiri ayezi. Amuna ndi zida anali yotsitsa zapatsogolo pa ayezi floe, anayamba opareshoni kupulumutsa iwo.

Cape ali pa mapeto kumalo ozizira wa Taimyr. Ndi mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia, yomwe ili m'dera la Russia, kotero siteshoni kumalo ozizira, yomwe ili Cape Chelyuskin, anathandiza kwambiri mu mutsogolo kulankhulana pakati pa zipani ndi ntchito. Kwa miyezi iwiri, anthu onse - anthu 104 - anali pa ndege kuchotsedwa paki ayezi. Ulemerero kwa amunamuna ofufuza kumalo ozizira ndi oyendetsa anali wosangalatsa, ndege anali Zimphona loyamba la Soviet Union, dzina Chelyuskinites ankadziwa lonse dziko - kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu.

Arctic lero

Masiku ano Russia yalengeza tanthauzo la zofuna zake m'dera la Arctic. Amapangira katundu Kupititsa mu Arctic, kuti aganyali kafukufuku ndi kafukufuku miyala. Mfundo kumpoto kwenikweni kwa Europe ndi ku Asia komanso lapeza malo ake mu pulogalamu imeneyi. Research Station ku Cape Chelyuskin poyerekeza ndi nyengo ya Soviet anakhala zochepa, koma ntchito mayi, kutanthauza kuti apainiya a nsembe Arctic sanali pachabe.