The dielectric zonse za mu mlengalenga ngati kuchuluka thupi

Monga amadziwika, ndi mumpweya ndi osakaniza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya, choncho ndi insulator wabwino. Makamaka, chifukwa cha ichi, nthawi zambiri n'zotheka kupewa kufunika chimateteza zigawo zina za zinthu aliyense padziko wochititsa lapansi. Today tikambirana kodi dielectric permeability mpweya. Koma choyamba, mwinamwake, kuyamba ndi tanthauzo la tanthauzo la mawu akuti "dielectric".

zinthu zonse malinga ndi luso kuchita magetsi salembedwa m'magulu atatu lalikulu: akuwauza, semiconductors ndi insulators. Choyamba ndi kukana osachepera malangizo akuthamanga wa particles mlandu pa iwo. Gulu lalikulu la - zitsulo (zitsulo zotayidwa, yamkuwa, yachitsulo). The conductive yachiwiri zinthu zina (pakachitsulo germanium). Chabwino, kukana amagetsi a chachitatu yaikulu kwambiri moti panopa si kuwapitirira pa. A chitsanzo chapadera - mpweya.

Kodi chimachitika pamene mankhwala limalowera mu zochitika m'dera magetsi kumunda? Pakuti ochititsa kuyankha ndi zoonekeratu - zamagetsi (kumene, ngati pali kuzungulira chatsekedwa amene amapereka "njira" kwa particles). Izi zimachitika chifukwa njira zimasiyanasiyana woyang'anira mogwirizana. Kwathunthu njira zosiyanasiyana zimachitika pa munda kukhudzana pa nkhani dielectric. Tikamaphunzira mogwirizana kwa particles ndi mlandu magetsi, zinaonetsa kuti mphamvu ya mogwirizana kumadalira osati kokha pa mfundo n'zosangalatsa kumva mlandu, komanso chilengedwe kuŵapatulanya. Mbali yofunika imeneyi imatchedwa "dielectric zonse zakuthupi." Ndipotu ndi kukonzedwa chinthu, popeza alibe gawo. Iwo amatanthauziridwa kuti chiŵerengero cha mphamvu ya zimachitika mu vacuo ndi phindu mu malo aliwonse. Tanthauzo thupi akuti "dielectric zonse" zotsatirazi: Khalidwe limeneli limasonyeza mlingo wa attenuation za kuthengo magetsi zakuthupi dielectric poyerekeza kuyamwa. Chifukwa cha zodabwitsazi kwagona kuti mamolekyulu zakuthupi si khama munda mphamvu mu madutsidwe wa particles, ndi kugawanika.

Amadziwika kuti ndi dielectric zonse mpweya umodzi. A zambiri kapena pang'ono? Dziwani izi. Tsopano palibe kudalira n'zosangalatsa kumva phindu lawo la permeability kwa zinthu ambiri pamene deta awa apatsidwa mu magome ziwalo. Mwa njira, ndendende chifukwa cha patebulo akutengedwa kunja mtengo wa munthu. The zonse dielectric mpweya pafupifupi 8 nthawi poyerekeza Mwachitsanzo, Micarta. Kudziwa nambala iyi, ndi mtengo wa milandu ndipo mtunda wa pakati pawo kuchita masamu pamaziko a zikuyendera mogwirizana ndi proviso mpweya kulekana sing'anga kapena mbale Micarta.

Tikutsata ndondomeko za mphamvu;

F = (Q1 * Q2) / (4 * 3.1416 * E0 * ra * (r Mukhoza r Mukhoza *)),

kumene Q1 ndi Q2 - mlandu phindu; E0 - permittivity mu zingalowe m'malo (a nthawi zonse wofanana 8,86 mu -12 digiri); ES - permittivity ya mpweya ( "1" kapena phindu la chuma ena alionse, Table); r Mukhoza - mtunda pakati pa milandu. miyeso onse atengedwa mogwirizana ndi dongosolo la SI.

Sizikusokonezani awiri mfundo osiyana - "permeability mpweya" ndi zonse dielectric. Maginito ndi khalidwe lina la chinthu chilichonse, komanso kuimira koyefishienti, koma tanthauzo lake zina - ubale wa mphamvu kumunda ndi mtengo wa kupatsidwa ulemu maginito mu chinthu makamaka. Mu mitunduyi ntchito miyeso yolinganizira - maginito permeability wa zingalowe m'malo zotsukira. mawu woyamba ndi wachiwiri onse ntchito kuchita kuwerengetsera zipangizo zosiyanasiyana magetsi.