Kuuluka phulusa: kufotokoza, zikuchokera, GOST mavoti ndi ntchito makamaka

Pa zinyalala kuyaka ndi kwaiye, ndipo amatchedwa phulusa phulusa. Near ng'anjo anaika zipangizo wapadera, kugwira particles izi. Iwo zakuthupi kupezeka ndi m'nyanjazi wa zosakwana 0,3 mm.

Kodi ntchentche phulusa?

Kuuluka phulusa - mfundo zabwino ndi makulidwe yaing'ono tinthu. Iwo apangidwa pa kuyaka kwa mafuta amene olimba pa kutentha kukwezeka (madigiri 800). Zili kwa 6% zinthu unburnt mpaka mapeto a chitsulo.

Kuuluka phulusa inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuyaka zosafunika mchere zomwe zimapezeka mafuta. nkhani zake zosiyana kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mu zili nkhuni ntchentche phulusa 0.5-2% okwana wa mafuta peat 2-30%, ndi lignite ndi khala 1 - 45%.

phwando

Kuuluka phulusa inakhazikitsidwa m'zaka kuyaka lapansi. Katundu ndi zinthu opangidwa ku boilers ndi zosiyana ndi zimene analenga zasayansi. kusiyana bwanji maonekedwe ndi mankhwala ndi zikuchokera. Makamaka, pamene kuyaka amapezeka mu ng'anjo limatsogolera mchere zinthu mafuta, imbaenda ku maonekedwe a zigawo unburnt wa gulu la. Zimenezi, wotchedwa makina unburned mpweya, amagwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka mu ng'anjo ya kutentha kwa madigiri 800 ndipo pamwamba.

zipangizo wapadera, zimenezi mitundu iwiri kwa kusonkhanitsa ntchentche phulusa zifunika: mawotchi ndi magetsi. Ntchito GZU khama yambiri madzi (10-50 mamita ³ madzi pa matani 1 phulusa). Izi ndi drawback kwambiri. Kutuluka Zikatere, ntchito dongosolo n'zosiyana: madzi pambuyo kukonza kuchokera particles phulusa kachiwiri akulowa limagwirira chachikulu.

Features Ofunika

• Workability. Zing'onozing'ono ndi tinthu kwambiri, chikoka cha ntchentche phulusa. Kuwonjezera phulusa kumawonjezera homogeneity wa osakaniza konkire ndi osalimba ake, bwino wazolongedza ndipo kumachepetsa kusakaniza mowa madzi ndi workability ofanana.
• Kuchepetsa kutentha kwa hydration, umene uli wofunika makamaka m'nyengo yotentha. The phulusa zili mu njira yolingana ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa hydration.
• The capillary mayamwidwe. Ndi Kuwonjezera 10% ntchentche phulusa kuti kuchuluka kwa simenti ndi capillary madzi mayamwidwe ndi 10-20%. Zimenezi, amachepetsa chisanu. Kugonjetsa drawback izi, m'pofunika pang'ono kuonjezera mpweya entrainment chifukwa zina zapadera.
• Kukana kuti madzi aukali. Kupanga amene 20% tichipeza phulusa, ndi zambiri kugonjetsedwa ndi kumizidwa mu madzi aukali.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa ntchito ntchentche phulusa

Kuwonjezera kusakaniza mu mawonekedwe a ntchentche phulusa kumatanthauza angapo ubwino:

• Yafupika kumwa chibanthu.
• Kukweza akupera.
• Kuchuluka mphamvu.
• Kukweza workability, uyenera kuthandiza anamuvula.
• Yafupika shrinkage.
• Amachepetsa kutentha pa hydration.
• Kuchuluka nthawi kuoneka ming'alu.
• Kukweza kukana kwa madzi (wangwiro kapena aukali).
• Amachepetsa kulemera njira.
• Kuchuluka moto kukana.

Pamodzi ndi ubwino, palinso zina zabwino:

• Kuwonjezera phulusa ndi okhutira mkulu mpweya unburned limasintha mtundu wa matope simenti.
• Amachepetsa kukana koyamba pa otsika kutentha.
• Kumachepetsa chisanu.
• chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu kusakaniza kuti lizilamuliridwa.

Mitundu ya ntchentche phulusa

Pali classifications zingapo, zimene zikhoza kugawidwa ntchentche phulusa.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa mafuta kuti Watenthedwa, phulusa akhoza kukhala:

• Anthracite.
• Malasha.
• Lignite.

Mu zikuchokera phulusa:

• Acid (ndi wokhutira wa okusayidi kashiamu ndi 10%).
• Kuweta (zili okusayidi kashiamu kuposa 10%).

Malinga ndi khalidwe ndi ntchito zina mitundu 4 phulusa - kuchokera ine IV. Ndipo mtundu lotsiriza la ntchentche phulusa ntchito nyumba konkire, amene ntchito mu mapangidwe nkhanza.

kuwuluka processing phulusa

Zolinga a makampani ambiri amangoti ntchito yaiwisi ntchentche phulusa (popanda akupera, kuyezetsa magazi, etc.).

Pa kuyaka phulusa anapanga. Kuwala ndi tinthu tina ting'onoting'ono chifukwa lamulo mpweya wa flue akutsatiridwa kuchokera combustor ndi akugwidwa ndi wapadera Zosefera zolosborniki. particles Awa ndi ntchentche phulusa. Mbali otsala amatchedwa kuti youma kusankha phulusa.

Relations pakati pa magulu a zimatengera mtundu wa mafuta, ndi kapangidwe ka ng'anjo kwambiri:

• ndi kuchotsa olimba a slag ndi 10-20% phulusa;
• ndi madzi slag kuchotsa - 20-40%;
• ndi ng'anjo chimphepochi-mtundu - 90%.

Pa processing za mu mlengalenga zikhoza kulowa slag particles mwaye ndi phulusa.

Kuuluka phulusa la mosamala youma nthawi zonse zosankhidwa tuzigawo twa mchikakamizo cha minda magetsi kuti analengedwa Zosefera lapansi. Choncho, ambiri abwino ntchito.

Kuchepetsa imfa za chuma pa calcination (5%) kuuluka phulusa kuvomerezedwa homogenized ndi zosankhidwa malinga ting'onoting'ono. The phulusa kuti aumbike pamene moto wochepa reactivity khala lili mpaka 25% ya osakaniza kuyaka. Choncho, zina akatidzadza ndi ntchito ngati mafuta mphamvu.

Kodi ntchito ntchentche phulusa?

Ash chimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzochitika zosiyanasiyana za moyo. Izi zikhoza kukhala yomanga, ulimi, mafakitale, ukhondo

Kupanga mitundu ina ya konkire ntchito ntchentche phulusa. ntchito zimadalira mtundu wake. Granular phulusa ntchito yomanga mumsewu malo oimika magalimoto MSW malo osungira, njira njinga, embankments.

Kuuluka phulusa youma kutchera misampha ntchito kulimbikitsa nthaka monga wodziimira astringent mwamsanga kuumitsa mankhwala. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito yomanga dikes, madamu ndi zina matamanda a madzi.

Kwa kupanga hayidiroliki konkire phulusa ntchito monga simenti wogwirizira (25%). Monga filler ndi (ang'ono ndi lalikulu) monga phulusa mu ndondomeko kupanga ndi cinder zingatipunthwitse ntchito yomanga mpanda.

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yopanga thovu. Kuwonjezera phulusa mu konkire Kusakaniza kumawonjezera bata ake aggregative.

Ash ntchito monga feteleza potashi mu ulimi. Iwo ali potaziyamu mu mawonekedwe a potashi, amene mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi ndi kupezeka kwa zomera. Komanso, wolemera mu phulusa ndi zakudya zina: phosphorous, magnesium, sulfure, calcium, manganese, boron, yaying'ono ndi zinthu zazikulu. Kupezeka kwa kashiamu carbonate umathandiza phulusa kuchepetsa nthaka acidity. Phulusa akhoza kukhala ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana m'munda pambuyo akulima, feteleza izo pristvolovye mitengo zotsatirazi ndi zitsamba, komanso kutsanulira meadows ndi msipu. Sitikudziwa kulengeza ntchito phulusa pamodzi ndi organic kapena mchere feteleza zina (makamaka phosphorous).

Ash ntchito sanitization pakalibe madzi. Izo kumawonjezera pH ndi kupha tizilombo. Izo ntchito mu mabafa, komanso ngati malo zimbudzi sludge.

Kuyambira onse pamwamba Ndizachidziwikire za ntchito zosiyanasiyana zipangizo monga ntchentche phulusa. Mtengo izo zimasiyanasiyana rubles 500. pa tani (zikuluzikulu yogulitsa) kwa 850 rubles. Tikumbukenso kuti ntchito kudziona yobereka ku madera akutali a mtengo zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.

GOST

Yopangidwa ndi zomwe zagwiridwa zikalata omwe amalamulira kupanga ndiponso pokonza wa ntchentche phulusa:

• GOST 25818-91 "kuuluka phulusa matenthedwe zomera mphamvu kwa konkire."
• GOST 25592-91 "zosakaniza slag matenthedwe magetsi kwa konkire."

Ulamuliro khalidwe la opangidwa phulusa ndi zosakaniza kwake ndi ntchito tanthauzo lake ndi mfundo zina zowonjezera. Pankhaniyi, zitsanzo zosankhidwazi ndi mitundu yonse ya miyezo anagwiritsanso malinga ndi malamulo a alendo.