Laibulale ya ku Russia ku St. Petersburg: kuchokera ku maziko mpaka pano

Kukonda mabuku, anthu athu akhala akudyetsa zaka zambiri. Kachisi woyamba wa bukuli anaonekera ku Kiev, motsogoleredwa ndi Prince Yaroslav Wanzeru mu 1037. Kwa nthawi yaitali malo awa anali abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Lero Library ya Russia ku St. Petersburg ili m'ndandanda wa mabuku osungiramo mabuku.

Kuyambira ndondomeko yogwira ntchito

Poyamba, olemera ndi olemekezeka okha anali ndi mabuku osonkhanitsa. Koma mapepala ang'onoang'ono m'nyumba za anthu olemekezeka sakanakhoza kukhala maziko a chidziwitso champhamvu cha intelligentsia, chomwe boma linkafuna. Zoyesayesa zoyamba kupanga zipinda zowerenga zinapangidwa ku Academy. Koma kulumikiza maholo amenewa sikunali aliyense, ndipo kudziwika kwa mabukuwa kunali kochepa.

Choncho, panabuka funso lokhazikitsa nyumba yomwe ngakhale zigawo zosavuta za anthu zikhoza kulandira chidziwitso.

Ntchitoyi inkachitidwa ndi Malo Operekera Anthu Owerenga, omwe anadzadziwika kuti National Library of Russia. St. Petersburg anakhala mtsogoleri wa boma pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Petro I. Chifukwa chake, mzinda umene malo atsopano anayikidwa, anasankhidwa popanda kukayikira. Mwachitsanzo, anatenga European book depositories.

Maloto a Empress

Tsiku la kubadwa kwa laibulale likuonedwa kuti ndi May 16 (27), 1795. Panthawiyo ndiye kuti Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu inagwira ntchito yomwe adapanga ndi Yegor Sokolov. Pambuyo povomerezeka ndi ndondomekoyi, ntchito yomanga inayamba pomwepo. Ntchito inalipidwa kuchokera ku chuma cha boma.

Osati kwa nthawi yaitali adasankha nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa nyumbayo, yomwe idakudziwika kuti National Library of Russia. Ku St. Petersburg, likululi ndi Nevsky Prospekt. Kumeneko, ndipo adapatsidwa malo oti apangidwe.

Chidziwitso cha kachisi wa mawuwa chinali chakuti malo amayamba kulengedwa osati kungokhala malo osungirako mabuku ndi zolemba zofunika, koma malo omwe alipo, omwe alipo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti panali ntchito imodzi yomwe inayang'anizana ndi ofufuza: kusonkhanitsa ndikukonzekera mabuku onse olembedwa m'Chisipanishi.

Chitukuko chachikulu

Pansi pa chitsogozo cholimba chinali kumanga ndi kusonkhanitsa zipangizo mu laibulale. Mlanduwu unakokera, ndipo chipinda chowerengera chinakondwerera kutsegula pa January 2 (14), 1814. Umu ndi momwe makanema a Russian National anakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg.

Kwa zaka zambiri, osati chiŵerengero cha mabuku, komanso chiwerengero cha alendo chinawonjezeka. Malingaliro apadera a nthawi imeneyo anathandiza kusonkhanitsa zokolola: olemba, akatswiri afilosofi, asayansi. Ntchito yawo sinali yopanda phindu, ndipo kale mu 1864 mu chipinda chowerengera chinasonkhanitsidwa pafupifupi 90% mwa mabuku onse a Chirasha.

Monga momwe adakonzera, nthawi ndi nthawi anthu ambiri ochokera m'mabanja osavuta anayamba kubwera. Amphawi akuluakulu, anthu osauka, olemekezeka kwambiri - onse pamodzi mokondwera anakumana ndi chipinda chowerengera. Panalinso akazi amene ankabwera kunyumba kawirikawiri. Tinayambanso kuyanjana ndi mabuku ena a mabuku kudziko. Kukhazikitsidwa kumeneku kunayanjanirana kwambiri ndi mayunivesite ndi academy.

Nyumba zopanda anthu

Chipinda cha Kuwerenga Pakompyuta, chomwe tsopano chimadziwika ndi wowerenga monga Laibulale ya Russia ku St. Petersburg, inapeza zinthu zatsopano pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Soviet.

Utsogoleriwo unatsimikiza kuti zotsutsana ndi zomwe anthu ayenera kutsatira. Poyamba, katunduyo anali kubwezeretsedwa pokhapokha pokhapokha ndalama zapadera, zomwe zinachotsedwa kwa eni ake alamulo - anthu apadera. Anabweretsa mabuku kuchokera kwa ambuye ndi mipingo. Pa Nkhondo Yaikulu Yachikondi Patapita nthawi, laibulaleyi inasiya ntchito zake ngakhale panthawi ya mabuku omwe adawamasulira owerenga.

Kuchokera m'ma 1950, chiŵerengero cha owerenga chawonjezeka, ndipo malinga ndi chiwerengero cha antchito. Masamulowa adadzazidwa ndi makope atsopano ndi atsopano.

Nthawi zovuta zinabwera pambuyo pa kugwa kwa USSR. Chiwerengero cha alendo chinagwa kwambiri. Ndiponso, mabuku atsopano a mabuku anasiya kufika.

Masiku ano, akuluakulu akuyesa kulimbikitsa achinyamata kuti azikonda bukuli. Kuti muchite izi, pangani zinthu zonse zofunika. Chipinda cha ku Russia cha ku Russia (Presidential Library) (St. Petersburg) - zipinda izi ndi zina - kunyada kwa dziko.