Mitundu ya kumatira. Kumatira yomanga. Madzi galasi kwa kumatira

Chitetezo cha madzi zofunika pamalo onse ndi nyumba yomwe pa ntchito ilowe kukhudzana ndi chinyontho. Ngati ndi dziko nyumba, ndiye apa pazikhalanso madenga, zapansi ndi maziko. Mkati nyumba kapena kunyumba ndi bafa ndi chimbudzi, pamene kuthekera kusefukira kwa madzi komanso ikudontha.

Mkati nyumba ayenera kumatira kutchinjiriza chuma, zomwe afunika kutetezedwa ku mvula ndi condensation. Kuteteza zinthu madzi n'kofunika osati pamene pali kuthekera kwa malowedwe ake, komanso kumene condensate ndi kusamba madzi lingathe kusokoneza dongosolo la. Kuti muchite izi masiku ano ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kumatira, sipangakhalenso m'magulu malinga malo a ntchito ndi cholinga.

Zosiyanasiyana kumatira pa malo a ntchito ndi nthawi ya ntchito

Poganizira mitundu ya kumatira ayenera kukhala bwino ndi zipangizo, amene ali m'magulu malinga ndi malo a ntchito. Zipangizo ntchito zimenezi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ntchito kunja kapena mkati. Internal kumatira - wonse osiyanasiyana miyeso kuti akhoza kuteteza zipangizo m'nyumba madzi. Izi pazikhalanso ntchito kumatira pansi ndi makoma kubafa.

Kunja kamangidwe amagwiritsa kumatira kunja. Mwachitsanzo, maziko ayenera kutetezedwa pansi. Poganizira mitundu ya kumatira, makamaka zipangizo kuti ali m'magulu malinga ndi nthawi ya ntchito. Choncho, kumatira kungakhale pulayimale ndi sekondale. Pulayimale ntchito pomanga gawo la chinthu, pamene sekondale ntchito kukonza.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati pa zifukwa zina kumatira chachikulu chawonongeka kapena sangathe kulimbana ndi ntchito, ndiye zochita zotsatirazi kumatira sekondale. Chophimba akale ayenera kuchotsedwa pa nthawi yomweyo, woyera pamwamba, kenako ntchito wosanjikiza atsopano a kumatira. Nthawi zina zamakono ntchito pamene wosanjikiza atsopano umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chimodzi.

Zosiyanasiyana kumatira cholinga ndi makhalidwe

losiyanasiyana kumatira ndi kuperekedwa pa msika lero. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa ndi makhalidwe ndi cholinga, m'pofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pawo:

• protivonapornuyu;
• pressureless;
• protivokapillyarnuyu;
• zachiphamaso;
• kusindikiza.

Protivonapornaya ntchito chitetezo chenicheni kuthamanga madzi. Ngati mlingo pansi ndi mkulu mokwanira, kunja chapansi makoma ayenera kutetezedwa protivonapornoy kumatira. Limagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zimene angathe mukukuma- zabwino madzi kuthamanga.

Pressureless kumatira ntchito ngati kuli kofunika kuteteza Kapangidwe ka madzi zoipa kuthamanga. Ntchito zoterozo ukafunidwe pa mvula kapena kasupe madzi osefukira lolemera kuti kudziunjikira padziko maziko. Protivokapillyarnaya kumatira zinthu amathandiza kuteteza kuwuka achinyezi kudzera capillaries lapansi. Ntchito zoterozo zifunika chifukwa chakuti ambiri zomangira angathe akuyamwitsa madzi, amene pambuyo mkuuka pamwamba. njerwa ndi simenti ayenera allocated mwa ena.

Species malinga ndi njira dongosolo kumatira

Poganizira mitundu ya kumatira, ndipo mudzaphunzira zambiri za zipangizo, amene wachinsinsi ndi njira dongosolo, angakhale:

• utoto;
• kupaka pulasitala;
• adaponyedwa;
• jekeseni;
• mountable;
• filimu;
• Obmazochnaya;
• kraftliner;
• impregnation;
• chochuluka;
• structural.

Ntchito kumatira pamwamba

Kumatira wa nyumba kawirikawiri yopangidwa ndi zisulo ❖ kuyanika, amene ankaimira ndi mastics awiri, chigawo ndi nyumba limodzi chigawo zotanuka. ntchito zawo ikuchitika mwa wosanjikiza makulidwe a 2 mm ndi masentimita 6. amenewa kumatira kumanga ntchito kutetezela kunja zinthu nyumbayi.

Nthawi zambiri ntchito maziko pamwamba kumatira kuwateteza ku pansi pa. Utomoni wonunkhira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ofunsira mkati. Pankhaniyi, limafotokoza makoma a chapansi kapena bafa. Kugwiritsa pamwamba kumatira angathe kuchotsa mng'alu.

zipangizo Obmazochnye ndi bituminous mankhwala. Mwa ubwino chotero njira tingaone cheapness. Komabe, pali zovuta amene afotokozedwa mu brittleness pa otsika kutentha. Phula amayamba kutaya elasticity, pamene thermometer akutsikira pansi pa ziro. Ngati nthawi imeneyi zidzachitika mapindikidwe, izo adzachititsa mapangidwe ming'alu ndi yopuma. Patapita nthawi, zinthu zikhoza flake kuchokera pamwamba pa onse.

Bituminous utomoni wonunkhira kwa kumatira wokonzeka mpaka 6 zaka. Mabukuwa zimafunika zina pambuyo m'zinthu anayi yozizira. The drawback ndi kumatira ngati ndi ngozi ndi phula otentha. Komanso, pamwamba amafuna kukonzekera bwino. Yakuti kwa kuchuluka kwa, zinyalala, fumbi ndi matope.

Mafunsidwe a kumatira pamwamba akhoza kuchitidwa mu kouma. Poganizira zonse za maonekedwe a njira imeneyi, Ndizachidziwikire kuti phula utomoni wonunkhira kwa kumatira akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi imene ndi kutayikira Mwina ndi laling'ono mokwanira. Izi pazikhalanso chitsanzo chimene mlingo pansi ndi otsika. Oterowo luso denga sikuthandiza, chifukwa mu ozizira mng'alu konkire ndi ayezi amachititsa yopuma zakuthupi. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, padziko masika wotaya zikayamba.

Features kumalumikiza zisindikizo hayidiroliki

M'mphepete zisindikizo hayidiroliki zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mpukutu umene zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu zigawo angapo. Njira imeneyi ntchito kokha kwa akunja protivonapornoy kumatira. Njira wotchuka ntchito imeneyo ndi:

• denga;
• denga;
• zipangizo bituminous zochokera galasi;
• phula;
• polymerized zipangizo phula;
• rezinobitumy.

Ngati kumatira akunja chidzatha ndi thandizo la masikono zamakono ndi zina polima, kudzakhala kotheka kuti iyende positive. kusindikiza wosanjikiza adzakhala cholimba, pamwamba pake si anapanga nkhungu, izo sizidzakhala zimawonongeka. Ubwino wa chuma zapamadzi tinganene kuti n'zotheka kuika pamalo osiyana a mtundu:

• matabwa;
• zitsulo;
• konkire;
• lathyathyathya slate;
• ❖ kuyanika akale mpukutu;
• blacktop.

Izi kumatira chinyezi kukana, kugonjetsedwa ndi mapangidwe mwamakani, ndi ndalama. Komabe, pamwamba pamafunika Pre-kukonzekera. Nkofunika kuthetsa monyanyira kuti upambana 2 mm. Kusakaniza kapena gluing ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi changu chisamaliro.

Ntchito angayambe, pamene kutentha anaimirira pamwamba +10 ° C. Mu zochita za maganizo makina angachigwetse zinthu, choncho ndi zofunika kuti ateteze. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi lero anapanga maziko kumatira. Mitundu kumatira ankaona, mukhoza kusankha kuti mungachite izi zigwirizane inu. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa kufunika kuchita zina clamping khoma. Komanso ndikofunika kupereka milingo otsika chinyezi pamwamba patsogolo ntchito nkhaniyo. Ngati mwala ndi onyowa, guluu wolimba adzakhala kwina.

kumatira Utoto

Kujambula Akutsatira wosanjikiza makulidwe mu osiyanasiyana mamilimita 3 mpaka 6. The filimu ndi kusintha ndithu ndipo alibe matabwa. Inu ngati kumatira pansi matailosi kusamba angathe kuchitidwa. Komabe, kujambula utomoni wonunkhira ntchito ntchito kunja. Kugwiritsa nyimbo zikhoza combated ndi akutha, kukokololoka kwa nthaka ndi ming'alu. Monga zipangizo ntchito bituminous utomoni wonunkhira ndi kuwonjezapo kwa talc ndi asibesitosi, komanso nyimbo zochokera resins kupanga. matekinoloje amasiyana cheapness. Iye waima pakati pa ubwino nthunzi ya madzi permeability ndi kukana kumva kuwawa. Komabe, pali zovuta, mmodzi wa iwo yafotokozedwera fragility. ❖ kuyanika Ichi ndi wokonzeka kutumikira pafupifupi 6 zaka.

Sprayed madzi kumatira

Nthawi zambiri inatenga napylyaemymymi zipangizo madzi kumatira. Iwo amakhala ndi polima-phula emulsion, ndiwo madzi ofotokoza. zosakaniza oterowo amatchedwanso mphira madzi. Iwo akhoza kukhala one- kapena ziwiri zikuluzikulu ndi ntchito ikuchitika ntchito zipangizo zina zapadera. Chotero njira zogwirizana osati kwa chapansi, komanso madenga. ubwino akhoza kutchulidwa luso mphira madzi kudzaza pores ngakhale chabwino.

Kumatira dziwe la mphira madzi kumapangitsa kuti apange ❖ kuyanika hermetic. Musanayambe, muyenera kuganizira ena a kuipa kwa njira, iwo yafotokozedwera kutentha osiyanasiyana, zimene ziyenera kusungidwa malire ena. The jombo madzi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa +5 ° C ndi pamwamba.

Mu ntchito imeneyi kumatira sayenera kuonongeka. Iye ndi mantha punctures. Pamaso ❖ kuyanika, pamwamba ayenera zouma ndi kuonetsetsa kuti si zii. Zovuta mtunda Pakufunika chinanso zochuluka zimene zimachititsa nyamuka ku mtengo wa ntchito. Kupopera amavutika ndi mphepo yolimba, kugwira ntchito zofunika kudikira zinthu lamanja.

ozama kumatira

Chapansi kumatira angathe kuchitidwa ndi ozama zipangizo zimene angathe nyamuka ziletsa capillary madzi. The zikuchokera mtundu uwu ndi osakaniza a:

• yogwira mankhwala wothandizila;
• mchenga chabwino khwatsi;
• Portland simenti.

ntchito ikuchitika pa pamwamba yonyowa, kenako zikuchokera amabwera mu kukhudzana ndi madzi kupanga timibulu, nadzaza capillaries ming'alu ndi pores. Kuya malowedwe angafikire masentimita 25. Ena opanga amanena kuti zikuchokera likulowerera kuti akuya 90 masentimita konkire.

Kumatira wa chapansi pa njira imeneyi ndi othandiza kwambiri. Ngati inu kukumba maziko sichitha, processing angathe kuchitidwa kuchokera mkati. Ozama chuma kungachititse asindikize muli osiyana a mtundu nkhokwezi. Mwa ubwino zofunika kuunikila azigwira mu m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Pankhaniyi maziko Sikuti kukumba. pamwamba youma amadziwikanso safunikira. Pambuyo kumatira zinthu kutetezedwa osati kunja komanso mkati. Iye ndi wokonzeka kuti mpaka ndithu nthawi yaitali. Konkire akuzisunga luso nthunzi ya madzi permeability.

Kumatira ntchito mu nyumba matabwa

Kumatira mu nyumba matabwa amafuna. Kuti matabwa pansi musakhale osayenera ntchito pasadakhale, pakati pa maziko ndi korona m'munsi ayenera kuikidwa yopingasa kumatira. Kawirikawiri unapangidwa mastics bituminous ndi zipangizo mayina. Mu malo amenewo, ali fufuzani thandizo, nayenso, muyenera kukonza kumatira. Pofuna kuti achotse mapangidwe condensation mu chipinda mobisa m'pofunika kupereka mabowo mpweya m'makoma zosiyana.

maziko zidzakhala zofunikira kuphimba panja pa filimu kapena madzi kumatira zipangizo. Kuyambira mkati, nayenso, ayenera kumatira. Chapansi, Pankhaniyi adzakhala louma ngakhale pa vutoli masika. Koma pansi pa matabwa mu nyumba matabwa, kuti angatetezedwe ndi mitundu zotsatirazi kumatira:

• utoto;
• adaponyedwa;
• Okleechnaya;
• impregnation.

Okleechnaya kumatira amafuna mapangidwe mphasa apitirize phula polima, phula kapena zipangizo polima. Akuyendera ndi kuika wosanjikiza woyamba, chithuza pansi thabwa kapena slab simenti ndi kutsukidwa ku zinyalala ndi fumbi, ndi kukonzedwa equalized phunziroli. Ngati alipo timbered kapena bolodi, m'pofunika pokonza mankhwala antiseptic ndi retardants lawi.

Pamakhala wotuluka kuti kuika zinthu kumatira. Zimfundo ndi glued pamaso pawo, ndi wosanjikiza lotsatira yaikidwa pamwamba pa utomoni wonunkhira, amene kukonzedwa pa yapita siteji odzaza zakuthupi. Pambuyo kukonzekera akhoza zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo matabwa pansi kuwamaliza.

kutchinjiriza zakuthupi denga

Kumatira denga zinthu amapereka ntchito za chuma ukonde, chosungikira ndi gluing. Pa pamwamba pa denga zinthu analimbitsa ndi mastics bituminous. The kukhuthala chuma akhoza kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino ndi kuteteza m'munsi, ndi maziko kapena chapansi ku malowedwe madzi. Ngati pasting denga zinthu pamodzi pulasitala amalimata chapansi pa njerwa, izo kwambiri zokulitsa moyo wa wosanjikiza wa.

Ntchito waterglass

Madzi galasi ntchito kumatira lero zambiri. Monga nkhani m'munsi amachita ngati ndi sodium silicate kapena silicate potassium njira yamasika zodula. Kugwiritsa waterglass ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito sprayer kapena burashi. Mbali yoyamba, osakaniza uli kusungunuka mu madzi mu chiwerengero cha 1 5. Choncho n'zotheka kuchepetsa mowa. Madzi galasi kuteteza mitengo nkhungu ndi cinoni, kuwonjezeka moto wake kukana. Madzi galasi ntchito kumatira ndi zambiri monga wosanjikiza wapakatikati pamaso atagona matailosi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala. Wosanjikiza akunja akhoza kuteteza pamwamba motsutsana kuwonongeka makina, nkhungu mapangidwe ndi kukhudzana zidulo.

Kumatira mtundu "Ceresit"

Ceresit kumatira anapereka zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Kr 65 posakaniza youma amene kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha otsika, si poyera kuti salt ndi alkalis, komanso chomasuka ntchito yosiyana. Ntchito ayenera kuchitidwa ndi burashi kapena spatula. Ntchito idzachitika mkati kapena kunja malo a.

Kumatira Ceresit akutumikira komanso chakuti CL 51 amene ali ndi mtundu umodzi chigawo polima kupezeka ndipo ali ndi digiri yapamwamba ya elasticity. Ntchito m'nyumba ndi wangwiro underfloor kumatira.