"Ikani": Analysis An. "Ikani": Mwachidule

"Ikani" - ndi chipilala kwambiri mabuku akale, zinalembedwa m'ma 12. Kuwerenga ntchito ichi kuli ndi ubwino pa anthu, atsegula M'maso kwa iwo.

"Ikani." ntchito History

"Ikani" ndi lodabwitsa zolembalemba, ntchito analengedwa mu Russia wakale. Ntchito imeneyi inalembedwa pafupi chiyambi cha m'ma akhumi ndi 1795 anapezeka ndi Chiwerengero Alexei Ivanovich Musin-Pushkin. Mu 1800, linasindikizidwa. Choyambirira cha "Mawu" anasowa moto mu 1812, pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anthu Russian ndi French.

Chidule mankhwala

Kupenda "Ikani" akusonyeza kuti mankhwala ali ndi zikuchokera, ndi mmene kwa Old zolengedwa Russian mabuku. Mu dongosolo lake pali intonation ndi ambiri, komanso Tilandire.

Intonation ndi moni kwa owerenga wolemba, komanso maganizo a wolemba limafotokoza zinthu zina zochitika umene pofotokoza. Mlembi akufuna kuuza zonse za msonkhano Prince Igor ndi mwachilungamo, popanda kulingalira, popanda nkhambakamwa kwambiri. Ali ngati chitsanzo cha wosewera wotchuka Bojan, amene anatsatira nthawi zonse osati epics wakale, komanso mwa ndakatulo yake yonena za akalonga ano.

Kupenda "Ikani" mwachidule limasonyeza kuti wolemba Powafotokozera malire kuchuluka kwa nkhani motere: iye analankhula za moyo Vladimira Svyatoslavicha wa Kiev, ndiyeno pang'onopang'ono likupitiriza kufotokoza moyo wa Prince Igorya Svyatoslavicha.

Ntchito chiwembu

asilikali Russian anatumiza kulimbana ndi mdani yoopsa - Polovtsy. Isanayambe msonkhano chimakwirira thambo dzuwa, kadamsana akuyamba. Aliyense wokhalamo ena a Lazaro wakale 'angakhumudwe ndi kuti asiya maganizo ake, koma Prince Igor si choncho. Iye ndi ankhondo ake zikupitilirabe patsogolo. Icho chinali choyamba May 1185. Igor zolinga amathandiza m'bale wake, Vsevolod Bui ulendo.

Atayendetsa nthawi zina za wakumana Igor Polovtsian abisalire. chiwerengero chawo kwambiri kuposa chiwerengero cha anthu Russian. Koma Russian akadali nkhondo inayambika.

Igor ndi Vsevolod Bui ulendo anali kupambana m'nkhondo yoyamba pa Polovtsy. M'malo mwake, iwo amalola kuti asangalale. Koma iwo samawona kapena kumva kuti magulu awo kuthamanga otsika ndi chiwerengero cha asilikali Polovtsian akadali kuposa chiwerengero cha Russian mobwerezabwereza. Tsiku lotsatira, asilikali Polovtsian kuukira asilikali Russian ndi kuthetsa vutolo. Asilikali ambiri Russian ntanda, Prince Igor amatengedwa ukapolo.

M'dziko Russian akufuula kwa akufa, ndi Cumans, kuwina nkhondo, chigonjetso. Kugonjetsa asilikali a Igor Polovtsian anacititsa kuti nthaka Russian ndifotokoze mavuto ambiri. Asilikali ambiri anaphedwa ndi Cumans zina anapitiriza adzafunkha dziko Russian.

Svyatoslav Kievsky

Kupenda "Lay", ntchito amene analembedwa ndi wolemba osadziwika, nkhani za maloto lachilendo la Svyatoslav wa Kiev, limene anaona yekha pa phwando maliro maliro. Ndipo loto lake anakwaniritsidwa.

Pamene Svyatoslav waphunzira za kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Russian, iye anagwera mu chisoni. Prince Igor analandidwa. Iye anakhala kuyang'aniridwa wa Polovtsy, koma kamodzi mmodzi wa iwo, Laurel, anamuitana kuthawa. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti Cumans anaganiza zopha akaidi onse Russian. Igor anavomera kuthamanga. Mu usiku anakwera kavalo wake ndipo anakwera mwa chinsinsi Polovtsian msasa.

Iye anapanga ulendo wake ku Donets mtsinje masiku khumi, ndi Cumans anamulondola. Chifukwa, Igor anakwanitsa kufika ku dziko Russian. Mu Kiev ndi Chernigov tinakumana naye ndi chimwemwe. Itha "Mawu" wokongola ndakatulo lofotokozera ndi Prince Igor ndi retinue wake.

Otchulidwa "Lay"

The mbali yaikulu "Ikani" zoona, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich. Ichi ndi mtsogoleri apadera amene chinthu chachikulu - nkhondo ndi kuteteza dziko Russian. Pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake ndi gulu lake lankhondo wopambana ndi wokonzeka kuchita zonse ku ulemerero wa Mama.

Mwa njira, ngati inu mutayang'ana Analysis "Lay", kalasi 9, mungapeze izo mu malaibulale a masukulu athu.

Igor Svyatoslavich akalakwitsa, chifukwa cha zomwe ndi asilikali anagonjetsedwa, akazi Russian ndi akazi, ndi ana - amasiye.

Kiev kalonga Svyatoslav - munthu amene akufuna bata ndi mtendere kwa Russia, amadana ndi m'bale wake Igor ndi Vsevolod kwa mwachangu mu kupanga zisankho ndi chisoni kwa iwo anabweretsa dziko Russian. Svyatoslav anali mu mtima wa mgwirizano wa akalonga, kuchitapo kanthu mogwirizana ndi Polovtsy.

chithunzi Yaroslavna mu mankhwala

mkazi Igor a - - Yaroslavna ndi mkazi khalidwe chapakati, "Lay." Ngati Khadili "Ikani" kulira Yaroslavna adzakhala gawo kwambiri limaonetseratu za ntchito lonse. Yaroslavna analira pa apamwamba nsanja chitetezo Putivel (mzinda uwu chinali pafupi ndi steppe Polovtsian). Iye anati ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mphamvu ya mawu ake, ali kudzoza. Iye akudzudzula mphepo kuti lake pa hobbling zosangalatsa ake, akunena za Dnieper ndi dzuwa.

Kupenda "Lay", mwachidule zomwe mungawerenge mu nkhani akatswiri a zinenero ofufuza limasonyeza kuti Yaroslavna anachititsa mibadwo wotsatira chidwi kwambiri kuposa protagonist ntchito, ndi kulira ake linamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri. Woyambitsa "Mau" amakhulupirira kuti maliro Yaroslavna a kwakhudza mphamvu zachilengedwe, choncho Igoryu Svyatoslavichu anathawa ku ukapolo. Wotchuka chifaniziro cha iyeyo Yaroslavna - sewero la A. B. Borodina "Prince Igor" (linalembedwa pakati pa 1869 ndi 1887).

Cumans mu "Ikani"

Otsutsa chachikulu cha Prince Igor ndi asilikali Russian mankhwala ndi Polovtsy. Iwo Ndi anthu akuthengo, ndiko kuti, steppe wosatha, Russian zigwa m.

Mugone Russian ndi Polovtsy anthu anali osiyana, iwo akhoza kukhala abwenzi, akhoza kukangana. Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 12, ubwenzi wawo umakhala ankhanza. Ngati Khadili "Ikani" golide mawu akuchenjeza Igor Svyatoslav ubwenzi ndi Polovtsy. Koma ubwenzi wake ndi Polovtsy zambiri osati moyipa. Malinga ndi kafukufuku mbiri Igor Svyatoslavich anali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi khans Polovtsian Kobyakov ndi Konchak. mwana wake ngakhale anakwatira mwana Konchak.

Nkhanza Polovtsian, zomwe anatsindika mbiri yakale zonse wotsatira, anali wamkulu kuposa miyambo ofunikira nthawi. Prince Igor, imachitika ukapolo ndi Polovtsy, akhoza ngakhale kuvomereza mpingo. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi Russian Polovtsy amapindula anthu Russian amene anagwa mchikakamizo cha Mpingo wa Katolika. Komanso, mankhwala Russian m'misika ya Polovtsian Mwachitsanzo, mu Trabzon ndi Derbent.

Chiyambi Chawo "Lay"

Kupenda "Ikani" akusonyeza kuti ntchito chinalengedwa zaka pamene Russia linali ndi mbali zosiyana.

Kutanthauza Kiev monga likulu Russian dziko lapansi ndi nthawi pafupifupi kusiyiratu. Russian ukulu kukhala limati osiyana, ndi kudzipatula dziko lawo amamangiriridwa ku Bungwe la Liubech mu 1097.

Mgwirizanowo anamaliza pakati pa akalonga pa msonkhano, anali wosweka, mizinda yonse yaikulu anayamba wofuna ufulu. Koma ochepa mwazindikira kuti Russia ayenera kutetezedwa, kuti adani kale akuyandikira kuchokera kumbali zonse. Polovtsy anaimirira ndi kuyamba kumenyana ndi anthu Russian.

Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 11, iwo ankapereka anaopsezedwa kwambiri. "Lay", ndi kusanthula zomwe ife tikuyesera kuchita, ndi nkhani za kugunda yoopsya ya Russian ndi Polovtsian.

Russian sakanatha kutsutsa Polovtsy chifukwa iwo sakanakhoza kugwirizana nawo. chokhudza zonse kufooketsa mphamvu ya boma kamodzi kwambiri Russian. Inde, pa nthawi ino Russia anafika ayambe zachuma, koma angaimbidwenso kuchokera chifukwa chakuti limasonyeza pakati pa minda osiyana anali ofooka.

Pa nthawi iyi pali kukhazikitsidwa mwapang'onopang'ono ojambula pakati pa anthu Russian. Russia akukonzekera kuti posachedwapa kuphatikiza chimodzi, koma zinthu zambiri mabvuto pa nthawi ino.

Mlembi wa chidutswa analemba osati za ntchito Russian asilikali ndi Polovtsy. Amawakonda kukongola steppes kwawo ndi nkhalango, kwabasi mbadwa zinyama. Ngati Khadili "Ikani", chikhalidwe mu izo chimachititsa kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza Prince Igor kuthawa ukapolo ndi kubwerera ku malire a Russia. Mphepo, dzuwa ndi mtsinje Dnepr kukhala anzake chachikulu pa njira ku Polovtsian ufumu kunyumba.

The kudalirika kwa "Lay"

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo "Lay" linasindikizidwa, adayamba kuwonekera kukayikira kudalirika ake. Popeza pamanja wa ntchito imeneyi inatha pamoto mu 1812, ndiye kuti tisanthule ziti ndiponso kuphunzira panali oyambirira kusindikizidwa ndi buku pamanja.

Akatswiri adamfunsa chakuti mankhwala ndi chenicheni pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Popeza kuti sikunali kotheka kuti tipeze chizindikiro cha wolemba, ndipo kachiwiri, pa maziko a ntchito zina panthawi imeneyo, "Mawu" zinali zabwino kwambiri, izo zinkawoneka zonama kuti m'zaka za m'ma 12 kotheka kulemba izi.

Mu 1963, munthu wotchuka m'mbiri A. A. Zimin mfundo kupenda "Ikani" Svetoslav golide mawu amene ankaoneka Muzisamala kwa iye kuti mankhwala m'zaka za m'ma 18 analemba Joel Bykovsky, ndiye-Archimandrite Mpulumutsi agulupa ya Yaroslavl.

Koma posakhalitsa panali umboni watsopano wa kudalirika kwa "Ikani". Wosatsutsika umboni anali «Codex Cumanicus», Dictionary Polovtsian chinenero, lomwe linapangidwa mu m'ma 13 mochedwa. Iwo anagulidwa kamodzi kwambiri Italy ndakatulo Francesco Petrarca. Amadziwika kuti "Mau" sankakhala pafupipafupi chinenero Polovtsian, mwachitsanzo, mawu Polovtsian. mawu omwewa angapezeke mu Codex Cumanicus. Amadziwika kuti anthu Polovtsian ngati kuti unatha mu Ages Middle. Choncho, mu nkhani iyi falsification sangathe anachita. Kale m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, palibe aliyense Russia Polovtsy sitidali kudziwa chifukwa chake ndipo muiike mawu Polovtsian m'mipukutu ntchito sakanakhoza.

Kupenda "Ikani" golide mawu kamodzi anati Academician Likhachev, ntchito Codex Cumanicus anabweretsa amathandiza kwambiri kuphunzira mabuku Russian. Akupeka Codex Cumanicus kwambiri kunali kosatheka: sangakayikire kuti lotanthauzilirali anali chinaperekedwa ndi Petrarch mu 1362 chachikulu cha San Marco ku Venice, kumene iye anali mpaka 1828. Chaka chino, German Orientalist Julius Heinrich Klaproth anapeza bukuli ndi kufalitsidwa. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi Codex Cumanicus familiarized Asia Russian.

Place kulemba "Lay"

Kupenda "Lay" limanena kuti ntchito imeneyi ladzala ndi chikondi kwa dziko Russian ndi anthu ake. Ikani chidutswa cha kulemba - zikuoneka kuti Novgorod. Ndipo Iye amalenga Novgorodian wake. Izi zikhoza ankangoona mawu kalankhulidwe kena imene imagwera mu "Mawu," ndiyeno ntchito Novgorod. Awa ndi mawu monga "Karna Osmomysl, haraluzhny, Goreslavich".

"Ikani" - pa kusanthula ntchito limaonetseratu momveka chakuti wolemba ndi mbadwa ya Novgorod. Iye akutchula mudzi Dudutki amene anali pafupi Novgorod. mayunitsi Monetary, kutanthauza kusanthula "Ikani" nogata ndi kudula ofufuza imapezeka mu umodzi wa mbiri amakezana - mu Novgorod. Mu Hypatian ndi Laurentian Mbiri mawu palibe. Patronymic Goreslavich ndi Osmomysl otchulidwa "Lay", anali anapezeka ndi ofufuza ku Novgorod mipukutu ndi birch khungwa.

chiyambi kumpoto kwa mlembi wa "Mawu" zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti kuwala kumpoto amene ali m'bukuli. Mothandizidwa ndi Mulungu anaonetsa kuti Prince Igor, njira ya ku nyumba kuchokera ku ukapolo. Mwina, woyambitsa "Mawu" anapita Arctic Circle naona kumene Aurora borealis.

Kuphunzira "Ikani"

"Ikani", ndi kusanthula zomwe ndi chidwi kwambiri owerenga zonse ntchito zolembalemba, ikuchitika ndi zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu, yomwe nthawi imene mipukutu anapezeka ndi Chiwerengero Musin-Pushkin. Choyamba ndi "mawu" inali ntchito yovuta. Choyamba, izo zimayenera kumasuliridwa. Kachiwiri, kunali kofunika kuti kumasulira malo zachilendo onse, mafanizo onse kovuta. Makamaka kwambiri asayansi otchuka akhala akuphunzira "Mawu" m'nthawi ya Soviet Union, pakati pawo - Academician Likhachev ndi A. curd. Iwo anafuna kuti abwezeretse Baibulo lenileni "Mawu" ndipo izo kutanthauzira zolondola.

Kuphunzira "Ikani" mu sukulu

"Ikani" wachita kale anaphunzira ku sukulu zasekondale ndi yunivesite. phunziro wapatsidwa 7, 8, 9 makalasi. Bwino kuphunzira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo galimoto imene chronicled nkhani ya ntchito wakale. Phunziro "Mawu" imakhazikika Yaroslavl Museum-Reserve, ndi ophunzira ndi mwayi dziŵani okha ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za zida zokhudzana ndi nkhaniyi.

mikuluwiko ntchito

Ngakhale kuti "Ikani" anaphunzira mosamala ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, mu malemba ntchito akadali sizoonekeratu kuti ofufuza onse.

Kupenda "Lay" chikhalidwe cha omwe mpaka mapeto ndipo si anafotokoza, komabe zimasonyeza kuti ayenera kufufuza kwambiri. Choncho, si bwino ngati wolemba za "Mau" wa nyama ochiritsira, analemba, kapena ankaganizira Cumans, amene anali ndi dzina la makolo nyama. Adakali bwinobwino chifukwa Prince Igor Pirogoscha anapita mpingo mu Kiev. zinsinsi zonse izi ali kudikira kufukulidwa.