Leninabad dera la Tajikistan: zigawo ndi mizinda

Modern Sughd m'chigawo cha Tajikistan, likulu la mudzi wa Khujand, mpaka 1991 ankatchedwa Leninabad dera la Tajikistan, likulu dera anawatcha Leninabad.

malo Hrs

Muzochitika mu mawu a madera ndale, omwe ali m'dera Leninabad (Tajikistan), imawunikidwa monga yabwino, ngakhale kuti dera alibe kubwereketsa kunyanja. Komabe, chitukuko ndi chitukuko chinathandiza Khujand ndi malo m'mayiko ambiri. Iye ndi mzinda kokha kuti lili pa magombe a mtsinje waukulu ku Central Asia - ndi Syr Darya - ndipo anali pa mphambano za silika Road. Izi zachititsa kuti chitukuko ubale malonda ndi mayiko olemera a East ndi West mu masiku akale.

Leninabad dera (Sughd) atazunguliridwa ndi mapiri a Tien Shan ndi Gissar-Altai. Kumpoto zili Kurama lokwera ndipo Mogoltau mapiri, kuchokera kum'mwera - ndi Turkestan manambala ndi phiri Zarafshan. Iwo akugawana malire ndi Kyrgyzstan ndi Uzbekistan. Pakati Kurama ndi Turkestan manambala ndi kumadzulo dera la Ferghana Valley, limene lili ndi deralo.

Pa m'gawo lake la mitsinje awiri. Yaikulu ku Central Asia, ndi Syr Darya ndi Zarafshan chimene chimachokera ku phiri glacier lomwe limadziwika ndi dzina lomweli. Monga Zeravshan ndi makhwawa yake chakudya chabwino kwa limatsogolera madzi oundana, nkhokwe yaikulu ya hydropower. Ntchito kuthirira zigwa dziko.

Mbiri ya Khujand

Khujand zaka zikwi linali likulu la chitukuko mu Asia Central. Malo mzinda chinathandiza chitukuko mofulumira ndi kutukuka. Coeval wa mizinda yakale monga Samarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, anakonza zopereka kwambiri kuti chitukuko cha m'dera la Asia Central.

Kudzera anapitirira Wamkulu silika Road. Khujand amalonda, pobwerera akutali, kubweretsa osati mankhwala achilendo, koma chidziwitso. mzinda asangalala, ntchito yaikulu ya anthu a m'midzi yapafupi anali ulimi ndi ulimi nyama. Kutacha zamanja. A malo apadera wotanganidwa ndi malonda.

Olemera kum'mawa mzinda, iye mobwerezabwereza zakhala nkhondo Aisiraeli, amene analota kugonjetsa ndi kufunkha izo. Koma mbiri wateteza umboni wa kugonjetsa makamu Aleksandra Makedonskogo m'mbali kuti kusunga mudzi ndipo anathandizapo chitukuko. Iye analandira dzina latsopano Alexandria Eskhata (kwambiri).

Nkhondo ya Chitata kwathunthu achotsa izo kwa nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi. Koma mzinda anabwezeretsedwa. Izi zinathandiza kuti malo yabwino.

Monga mbali ya Ufumu Russian

Zaka zapita, mzinda pang'onopang'ono kusiya chitukuko ndi kuyamba kusewera zazing'ono, ntchito zigawo mu moyo wa Central Asia. Udindo galimoto ali wotanganidwa Samarkand, Bukhara, Kokand. KULI ntchito mu ulimi, ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe ya ntchito zamanja ndi ankasakidwa, makamaka kuluka nsalu Zaveleveti.

Mu 1866, mzinda wa Khujand anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali Russian ndipo ali m'gulu la Russian Ufumu. Ntchito yomanga njanji ya adauzira moyo watsopano mu izo. Iye anakhala pakati pa mphambano za njira kuti kulumikiza Fergana, Zeravshan Valley ndi Tashkent chitsime.

mzinda anatumiza njanji antchito, akatswiri a ntchito yomanga ndi kukonzanso okwerera sitima. Komabe, madokotala, aphunzitsi nawo. masukulu ndi zipatala anatseguka. Panali mafakitale yaing'ono Chotsimikizika. Izi anali ntchito ndi chuma wachibadwa, mu mafuta makamaka, zitsulo sanali akakhala.

Monga mbali ya USSR

Ngakhale yapadera kwambiri kwa mzinda, iye anakhalabe zigawo m'mbuyo wa Russian Ufumu ndi mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono artisanal, makamaka kuluka. Maluwa wamkulu wa dera Leninabad anafika mu USSR. Zinamangidwa mabizinesi latsopano, ankamangidwanso akale. m'dera anadza kwa ogwira oyenerera: akatswiri, antchito, madokotala, aphunzitsi, asayansi amene akhala akuphunzira zachilengedwe. Anatsegula sukulu, zipatala, mabungwe maphunziro oyamba, kukonzekera ogwira latsopano, kuphatikizapo anthu am'deralo.

Khujand anadzatchedwa kuti Leninabad. Iye anadzakhala likulu la dera m'gulu 8 m'matauni ndi zomangamanga otukuka ndi makampani. M'dera anayamba kuchotsa malasha, mafuta, nthaka, kutsogolera tungsten, molybdenum, antimony ndi mankhwala enaake. waukulu mabizinezi miyala migodi processing zinamangidwa. Mu Leninabad anamangidwira chomera lalikulu la nsalu Zaveleveti.

Kuposa theka la okwana linanena bungwe mafakitale Republic anapereka Leninabad dera. Chitajiki SSR nkhope yake ali mtsogoleri mafakitale ndi zachuma.

Cities Leninabad (Sogdi) kumunda

Chifukwa malo alionse ili madera ake, ndi udindo waukulu pa chuma cha Tajikistan anatenga Leninabad dera. Cities m'gulu kapangidwe kake, anali ndi mabizinezi lalikulu mafakitale, ena a iwo ndi wapadera.

Okwana m'dera inkakhala mizinda 8, kuphatikizapo Leninabad. Ambiri a iwo ali kale ndipo ankawathandiza kwambiri m'zaka za m'mbuyo. Ambiri a m'mizinda anali msana mafakitale dera Leninabad:

• Istravshan (Uroteppa). Ili mu m'tsinde mwa Turkestan osiyanasiyana makilomita 78 kuchokera pakati dera. Iye akukhala mwa iwo anthu 63 sauzande.
• mzinda Isfara ili m'tsinde mwa Turkestan osiyanasiyana mu Isfara mtsinje. Home anthu 43,000 ndipo amaphunzira.
• Kairakum (Khodjent). Iwo ankakhala mu Kara Kum posungira. Home anthu 43,000 ndipo amaphunzira.
• Panjakent ili pa mtsinje Zarafshan, pamalo okwera mamita 900 pamwamba pa nyanja. Chiwerengero cha anthu 36,5 zikwi.

Khujand

Leninabad masiku ano Khujand, umodzi mwa mizinda yokongola kwambiri mu Fergana Valley. Anapangidwa ndi zitunda phiri, dzuŵa ndakhuta, zobiriwira minda ndi maluwa, ndi chitsime woona. Syr Darya ndi Karakum mosungiramo likhale pozizira, ndi kutentha kum'mwera ndi anasamutsidwa mosavuta. Mapiri kuteteza ku mphepo zotentha m'chipululu cha yotentha ndi kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira.

City Leninabad Leninabad dera ndipo anali ndi udindo waukulu mu chuma cha Chitajiki Soviet Socialist Republic, amene anathandiza kuti chitukuko. Pulogalamu ya zomangamanga mumzindawo. Ntchito yomanga madera atsopano zogona, masukulu, zipatala, kindergartens, malo chikhalidwe, maofesi masewera. Mu mzinda wa Pedagogical Institute anatseguka, kwambiri sukulu luso ndi makoleji. trolleybus mizere ayikidwa kale kusintha kotunga zoyendera.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa manda a zomangamanga, ntchito kubwezeretsa anawatengera. imachitika zofukulidwa m'mabwinja pafupi ndi mzinda. Tsegulani Local History Museum, zoyimbira Comedy Theatre. Botanical Garden wa Academy of Sciences ya Chitajiki SSR anakhazikitsidwa.

Leninabad anakhala pakati mafakitale a ku Central Asia. Ndi ntchito ambiri mwa makampani akuluakulu: Phatikizani nsalu Zaveleveti, grenazhny, thonje jini, chidebe galasi, zomera magetsi, mkaka ndi kumalongeza zomera ndi zambiri.

mzinda Taboshar

M'dera pali ang'ono momasuka tawuni Taboshar. Leninabad dera (Tajikistan) angapo m'matawuni ndi kumidzi amene anali kufunika njira kwa Soviet Union. Pafupi Taboshar achuma miyala ya ores polymetallic munali makamaka nthaka ndi kuwatsogolera kulowera njira ya yotengedwa siliva, golide, mkuwa, bismuth, ndipo ambiri zitsulo zina.

Nearby ndi "tailing" - Kutaya miyala processing zinyalala. Pali zaka zoposa 20 ncho ureniamu, amene kukonzedwa mu pafupi Chkalovsk. Chomera mzinda "Star ya East", imene chakudya mbali ndi injini miyala njira opareshoni kuyambira 1968. Tsopano iwo kokhazikika, kuyambira kugwa kwa Soviet Union, anthu ambiri anasamukira ku Russia ndi mayiko ena. Mzindawu ndi kwawo kwa nzika inathamangitsidwa ku Western Ukraine, Baltic ndi Volga Germany.

Lero m'tawuni ali anthu 13.5 yekha zikwi, ambiri a iwo sali pantchito. Pamene iwo tikulephera, momasuka ndi wokongola m'tawuni tchire zakuda ndi maluwa ndi m'chaka mzinda m'manda mu chifunga wa maluwa apricots imene swirled agulugufe ndipo dragonflies.

mzinda Chkalovsk

Inamangidwa mu 1946, Leninabad Migodi ndi mankhwala kuphatikiza wabereka mzinda wotchedwa "Chkalov". Leninabad dera analandira mzinda wina mu kapangidwe kake. Masiku ano, pali anthu 21 sauzande. Utatha Soviet Union pafupifupi 80% ya anthu ake akale anasiya Pamudzi.

Bzalani limene lachititsa mzinda wokhawo ayi, komanso woyamba riyakitala nyukiliya woyamba Soviet atomiki bomba, umene kudzaza Polemeretsedwa ureniamu, akupangidwa ku mbewu. The zopangira amachokera minda onse a ku Central Asia ndi Ferghana Valley, amene anali kwambiri.

Pamalo a mudziwo linamangidwa m'mudzi momasuka imene anakhala omanga ndi antchito a mbewu. Ndi chitukuko anakula mudzi, umene anapatsidwa mwayi wokhala mumzinda mu 1956. Mu Chkalovsk anali zabwino sukulu, kindergartens, zipatala, cinemas ndi awiri zisudzo.

Atazunguliridwa ndi greenery ndi maluwa, ndi zomangamanga anayamba - mu mzinda uno anakumbukira nzika amene asiya izo. The zikuchitika wa Buston, dzina analandira mu nthawi yathu, ndi osauka. Kamodzi mabizinezi wamphamvu sizikugwira ntchito, m'nyumba si nthawi zonse madzi, kawirikawiri kudula magetsi, kukakamiza anthu otsala kusiya malo okhala.

Madera Leninabad dera

malo Geographical Leninabad dera, Syrdarya Mtsinje ndi Zarafshan, Kara Kum mosungiramo analenga zinthu yabwino kwa ulimi. M'dziko lonse la dera bodza minda ndi minda, imene ambiri masamba mwakula. Ngakhale mu nthawi Soviet pali zomera processing zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zamangidwa. M'dera pali 14 m'maboma ulimi. Mmunsimu muli mndandanda wa zigawo ndi chiwerengero cha anthu (zikwi):

• Aini - 76,9;
• Asht - 151,6;
• Bobo Gafurov - 347,4;
• Devashtich - 154,3;
• Gorno-Matchinskiy- 22,8;
• Jabbar-Rasulov - 125,0;
• Zafarabad - 67,4;
• Istaravshan - 185,6;
• Isfara - 204,5;
• Kanibadam - 146,3;
• Matcha - 113,4;
• Panjakent - 231,2;
• Spitamen - 128,7;
• Shahristan - 38,5.

Tonga malo mu processing mankhwala ziweto ku Republic anatenga Leninabad dera, madera zikugwira kupanga mkaka, nyama - ichi ndi chimake cha ziweto. Mu m'tsinde akuchitanso kuswana wa mbuzi ndi nkhosa. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kulima thonje.

m'dera Khojent

Renaming wathunso ndi zazikulu Khojent m'deralo. Leninabad dera wakhala dera Sogd, mzinda wa Leninabad amanyamula dzina la Khujand, m'dera Khojent dzina lake Bobo Gafurov. likulu lake utsogoleri - ndi kuthetsa Gafurov.

m'dera lili Ferghana chigwa ndipo ali ambiri otukuka ndi lalikulu ulimi mu Leninabad (Sogd dera). Mu kumpoto kwa malire ake ndi dera Tashkent, kumwera - ndi Kyrgyzstan. Pa gawo pali lalikulu thonje fakitale, ndi mabizinezi ang'onoang'ono chakudya.

Derali lili pafupi pakati dera, wakhama pa ulimi. Iwo amapereka okhala Khujand zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zomwe m'chigawo cha ambiri, komanso mkaka ndi nyama.