Particles. mogwirizana amphamvu

Amadziwika kuti aliyense zinthu zokhudzika zasintha kayendedwe ake kuti izo kuchokera kunja ayenera mphamvu vekitala. Tsiku ndi tsiku, aliyense wa ife anakumana ndi nambala yaikulu magulu osiyana Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa mphamvu frictional Ndipo yokoka, ife tithe kusuntha padziko lapansili, etc. Monga zatsimikiziridwa, ngakhale zosiyanasiyana akuoneka, maziko onse a magulu awa ndi zochitika interatomic..

Mwanjira

Ife manja athu ndi kuomba manja. Chimene chikuchitika mu nkhani iyi? N'zoonekeratu kuti pali kuomba mmanja phokoso. Koma izi si zoona kwenikweni, chifukwa zimenezi si chifukwa cha dongosolo atomiki pa nkhaniyi ndi njira kunachitika microcosm lapansi. Inde, n'zotheka kufotokoza mphamvu mmene ndi kuona zotsatira mu mawonekedwe a redness ya kanjedza, koma ndi mawonetseredwe zoonekeratu bwino kuti ife macrocosm. Ndipotu mwachindunji kukhudzana pakati makhwatha a chinachitika pamalo. Popeza milandu ngati amawateteza, ndi mtima ili pafupi zipolopolo ndi elekitironi maatomu zinangothamangitsa padera. Ichi ndi chitsanzo chimodzi cha mogwirizana ozikidwa pa mphamvu mu atomu.

Koma mogwirizana yokoka pakati pa zinthu mbiri ya misa lalikulu (dziko, etc.), imagwiritsidwa mphamvu yokoka. Tsopano anakhulupirira kuti kulanda mphamvu ndiye adatengedwa ndi gravitons.

Mwina wina chidwi kwambiri ndi zimene zimachitika amphamvu. Dzina limasonyeza mphamvu yopambana nawo mbali. Nthawi zina mungathe kudutsa akuti "kwadzidzidzi chromodynamics" - ndi dzina lina la chiphunzitso chimene mogwirizana ndi imatengedwa amphamvu.

Mphamvu latsopano

Malinga ndi chitsanzo chosavuta cha maatomu, ndi phata chachikulu padziko zomwe ma elekitironi kusuntha pamodzi zawozo pakati. Kawirikawiri sayansi sukulu umo ndi momwe ikufotokozera, mothandizidwa ndi chitsanzo m'mapulaneti. Phata zikuphatikizapo neutrons ndi mapulotoni, unyinji wa aliyense tinthu mu nthawi zikwi za "thupi" wa elekitironi lapansi. Ndi mfundo ya chodziwika cha mlandu ndi misa anali kuyesa kufotokoza kuli a mtima atomiki (nyutironi - palibe mlandu, ndi pulotoni - zabwino) kudzera mu atomu ndi mphamvu yokoka, koma zinali zosatheka. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti pali mphamvu inayake. mogwirizana kenako wolimba ngati mmodzi wa mawonetseredwe ake ndi lotseguka.

Mwina tiyenera amasonyeza tanthauzo la mawu akuti "nucleon". Popeza phata la atomu lili mitundu iwiri particles, amene amachita mgwirizano pakati pa mogwirizana ndi amphamvu, anaganiza monga mapulotoni neutrons kuitana mofanana - nucleons. Zoonekeratu pakuwonana koyamba kusiyana neutrons ndi mapulotoni - kuyang'anira magetsi, anasonyeza anaima, m'malo ndi tanthauzo la "limati osiyana nucleon".

Monga ku malongosoledwe a mtengo magetsi awo lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu amphamvu ndi ofooka, mu chimodzimodzi chimachitika pa mitundu ya ankachita. Zotsatira za milandu izi kukuonetsedwa osati zazikulu komanso microcosm, pakati pa particles okha. Mwachitsanzo, mogwirizana amphamvu, kutanthauza kuti mtengo wolimba chibadidwe nucleons. Koma elekitironi, ndi chitsanzochi, yodziwika ndi mlandu ofooka ndi anzake ofooka. Izo kumaonekera mwa particles onse, ngakhale kuonekeratu ngati mmene mitundu ina ankachita.

zapansi anayi

Pa nthawi, mawonetseredwe onse odziwika dziko zinthu singalifotokoze mitundu anayi ankachita - atomu, ofooka, wamphamvu ndi yokoka. Ena a iwo ndi wabwino ndithu, ndi ena - yekha zikutsimikizira zatsopano zothandiza ndi kuzipenya. N'zotheka kuti posachedwapa adzatsegula zatsopano, kotero "anathetsa" ndi kufunafuna ankachita panobe.