LIBOR: Mbiri ya zosayembekezereka, ndi mawerengedwe

LIBOR, lofotokoza zimene anapeza Thomson REUTERS bungwe la Intercontinental Kusinthanitsa (Ice), ndi chizindikiro chofunika cha zachuma. Bwaloli mlingo pafupifupi chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole interbank. kukula limasonyeza pakalibe ndalama ufulu mu msika. Libor chiwongola dzanja kuchita masamu kuti ndalama zisanu ndi nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri ngongole. mabungwe ambiri a zachuma ntchito kuwerengetsera awo, kuika maganizo pa ntchito yake.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Mu 1980s oyambirira, khamu la zida zatsopano ndalama msika, monga: swaps chiwongola dzanja, mungachite ndalama ndi patsogolo zimenezi. Ndipo izo anayambitsa akukayikira ndithu ankafuna onse kulosera za chitukuko cha kachitidwe. Mu October 1984, a Osunga Ndalama British 'Association anayambitsa mfundo swaps chiwongola dzanja. Ndipo iye anakhala kalambulabwalo wa Libor. KUMANGA kwa otsiriza kunkayamba mu January 1986.

LIBOR kuchita masamu pa maziko a zizindikiro za Bank Reference. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti kuphimba mayiko oposa 60. Choncho, mlingo Libor chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mabungwe ambiri a zachuma komanso mabungwe malonda monga miyeso yolinganizira pokhazikitsa chidwi chake ntchito ngongole. Mu United States, pafupifupi 80% ya zanyumba subprime angamvetsere kwa izo. Tikumbukenso kuti limeneli padziko lonse ntchito LIBOR ndalama US. Choncho, ngongole kubweza bwanji zochita Kukhuta a.

tanthauzo

LIBOR - ndi kuchuluka avareji ngongole mu interbank msika, masamu zochokera kafukufuku angapo a mabungwe anasankha chuma unachitika mpaka 11 m'mawa London nthawi. Choncho, chithunzi ichi amaganizira:

• Ulaliki wa mabungwe bwino kufunika kwa ndalama zake ufulu pa interbank msika.
• Kusiyana mitengo mu ndalama kwambiri padziko lonse-ntchito.
• Mtengo wa ndalama pa London misika ndalama.

mawerengedwe

Libor kuchita masamu ndi kofalitsidwa ndi Intercontinental Kusinthanitsa bungwe Thomson REUTERS. Daily mpaka 11 m'mawa London nthawi anachita kafukufuku angapo a mabanki okhudza mitengo awo kukongoza. Anayi chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi extremum si anayesedwa mu mawerengedwe a. Aliyense nawo mawerengedwe a avareji, amene ali LIBOR. Pa 11:30 am, London nthawi, Thomson REUTERS Agency limafalitsa chizindikiro ichi. Iwo masamu 7 Nthawi ndi ndalama zisanu. Mwachitsanzo, pali miyezi itatu dollar Libor mlingo.

Mu 1986 chiwerengerochi masamu kwa ndalama atatu - dola, ndi mapaundi British ndi chizindikiro German. Ndiye - kwa sikisitini. Mu 2000, mayiko ambiri analowa yuro. Mitengo anali masamu kwa ndalama khumi. Mu 2013, pambuyo milandu anathyola, anaganiza kuchepetsa mayinawa ku asanu. Pakali pano, Libor kuchita masamu kuti dollar US, yuro, mapaundi British, yen Japanese ndi Swiss Franc.

Mpaka 1998, nthawi yayifupi ngongole n'komwe pamene kuwerengetsa chizindikiro ichi mwezi umodzi. Ndiye mtengo wake pasabata Libor Chinawonjezeka. Ndipo mu 2001 - tsiku. Pambuyo kukonza mu 2013, Libor kuchita masamu kuti nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri. The nthawi yaitali ngongole - izo ndi miyezi khumi.

kumuyalutsa

Mu June 2012, pamene kufufuza anawapeza zinthu zosiyanasiyana achinyengo ndi Bank Reference kwa ngalawa Libor mitengo. Kukaikira woyamba zoti Yesu ntchito zimene anaonekera mu 2008. Falsification wa kanjedza kwa mawerengedwe a mitengo Libor nthawi imeneyi, ngakhale anaitana mmodzi wa zimayambitsa mavuto azachuma padziko lonse. Mu 2013 analowa mphamvu nambala ya kusintha kwambiri chizindikiro ichi, oyesa kusintha chilungamo chake ndi kuteteza anasonyeza pachithunzichi za chuma padziko lonse.