Luizeaniya Tri (Prunus triloba): ofotokoza ndi mbali ya kulima

Kumayambiriro May pachimake Prunus triloba (luizeaniya), ndipo zikuoneka kuti dziko palibe okongola koposa izi zoyera pinki mitambo onunkhira. Izi yokongola chitsamba chilichonse maluwa zokumbira mmwamba ndodo mwachangu, kutsogolera ku dzuwa forsythia ndi oyambirira mitundu ya rhododendron. Iye ndi masabata angapo decorates kudzutsidwa patapita nthawi yozizira munda adzitamandire zovala za mkwatibwi.

Luizeaniya Tri - Siberia chitumbuwa (wotchedwa chifukwa mbewu ozizira hardiness) - sadzalekerera aliyense osayanjanitsika mu nthawi maluwa.

Luizeaniya kapena amondi: masamu pedigree

Mosakayikira, luizeaniya Tri amatanthauza banja lalikulu Rosaceae. Koma mafuko amayanjana chitsamba kwa nthawi yaitali akatswiri kukaikira.

Kuchokera pakati pa XIX atumwi, pamene mbewu anafika Europe ku China, botanists mobwerezabwereza kuwunikira dzina ndi pedigree. Choncho, taxonomy anaonekera mawu yosiyana, ofanana. Chitsamba maula trilobate otchedwa chifukwa mawonekedwe tsamba (kuti lagawidwa masamba atatu pamwamba), Aflatuni ulmariae. Komanso, maula mbadwa mbewu Chili makhalidwe angapo: wolemera mitundu ya zipatso, lalifupi peduncle.

Zipatso luizeanii atatu tsamba (amondi kukongoletsa) - fleecy yaing'ono mipira ndi wosanjikiza woonda kwambiri zamkati, amene ali ouma akakhwima, ndi limodzi lalikulu maluwa. Nerd M. G. Pahomova, amene wakhala akufufuza amondi, mu 1959, kuzindikiridwa mbali anatilola kuti amatchula osiyana mtundu chitsamba, amene anamutcha Luizeaniya. Akatswiri kudziwa a mtundu Luizeaniya pubescent mphukira ozungulira drupe lomwe lili zapamwamba embossed chitsanzo.

Kufotokozera za zomera

Luizeaniya Tri - ndi maluwa chitsamba chilichonse, zomera mwala zipatso. Ndi Hardy ndithu. Izo bwinobwino wakula m'dera wotsika Volga, Voronezh ndi Sverdlovsk Region, Krasnodar ndi Primorsky Krai. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu zone pakati cha dziko lathu ndi dera kumpoto-kumadzulo, koma, ndithudi, m'deralo nyengo ya kulima mbewu imeneyi si abwino. Kawirikawiri yozizira m'madera amenewa, yaiwisi, ndi alternating frosts ndi thaws. Choncho, ming'oma ndi matenda katundu mafangasi: botrytis ndi moniliosis - ndipo kawirikawiri kufa chifukwa podprevaniya kutumphuka.

chitsamba chilichonse ichi kapena mtengo ang'onoang'ono ndi masamba mitundu amphamvu nthambi, kutalika kwa mamita awiri mpaka asanu.

masamba

Childs mu whorls, oblong, ovoid kapena dzira woboola pakati pa mizere, penapake mwapang'ono pa maziko, pa mapeto a atatu-lobed ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 2.5 kuti 6 ndi m'lifupi masentimita 3, ndi m'mbali awiri serrated. Mbali yofunika ya mbale pang'ono pubescent.

maluwa

The chidwi luizeaniya Tri Terry? Kumene, maluwa. Iwo kuyatsa pinki, ndi m'mimba mwake zosakwana 2.5 cm, Terry. Pakhoza kukhala osakwatira kapena awiriawiri. Sepals lanceolate kapena ovate. Pamakhala monzama anamaliza kapena ndipamene mapeto yosamveka. Aliyense maluwa ali 25-30 stamens. N'kuwasanganiza pubescent.

zipatso

Pubescent anamaliza drupe za masentimita awiri awiri, utoto mtundu wofiira. Pamene mesocarp kucha chavumbulutsidwa kudzera mwa kutsegula mauna endocarp.

Ku Ulaya ndi China zinatchuka stam chikhalidwe luizeanii atatu tsamba (rosenmund). Ndi mtengo kaso ndi korona mawonekedwe a mipira, chomwe ndi kum'mamatira zanthete. Chikadzangotha chomera amaziralira, kukameta ubweya wake "hedgehog" kukhala kotheka kumanga mphukira achinyamata ndi kuika masamba atsopano maluwa.

Ife tanena kale kuti anthu luizeaniyu atatu tsamba limatchedwa Siberia chitumbuwa mtengo, koma ndi chitumbuwa ndi chomera makolo wamba alibe. Ndipo izi chikugwirizana osati ndi kulimbikira ozizira zomera. Poyerekeza oterowo anapatsidwa ndi wapadera nthanthi apamaliro - yowala, koma lalifupi nthawi kukongola chitsamba likuimira, monga mu nkhani ya maluwa Japanese chitumbuwa, ndi waufupi wa moyo, m'pofunika moyo mphindi iliyonse ya yowala ndipo kuwala.

Species ndi mitundu luizeanii

N'zosadabwitsa kuti breeder oyamba chidwi luizeaniey atatu tsamba ndipo analandira mitundu yabwino, anakhala zofufuzafufuza ku Western Ukraine V. Batochenko. Kudzera choti kubereketsa zomera yokumba ndi katemera, anabweretsa khumi cultivars latsopano kuti zonse anthu alipo.

B. Batochenko m'mene bwino zomera yokongola, kukuza osiyanasiyana ake a mitundu. Wotchuka kwambiri a iwo lero wotere.

ukapolo

The wamkulu kukongoletsa mawonekedwe luizeanii atatu tsamba ndi maluwa awiri lalikulu kufika m'mimba mwake wa masentimita 4. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chitsamba chilichonse limamasula nthawi yomweyo ndi maonekedwe a masamba, n'kupanga zazikulu nthambi chitsamba za mamita awiri apamwamba. Zomera ndi wosabala, chifukwa chipatso kugwa pambuyo maluwa, palibe nthawi kuti zipse.

Kiev

zosiyanasiyana wina wachikulire yemwe wakhala maziko zachibadwa mosiyanasiyana kukongoletsa. Pachimake akuyamba mkaidi oyambirira, maluwa awiri, lalikulu, penti yowala, wolemera.

caddis kuuluka

mwapadera ayenera kukhala stam luizeaniya Tri Vesnyanka. Kuwonjezera ntchito yapamwamba zokongoletsera, ndi khola matenda ambiri, makamaka monolialnomu kuwotcha, nthawi zambiri zimakhudza tchire.

Rosenmund

Dzina anamasuliridwa kuti "pinki thovu". mtundu umenewu chiyambi European, walandira mphoto zambiri pa zisudzo lonse. Iwo ali yaitali kwambiri maluwa nyengo (pa masabata atatu). Yaying'ono zitsamba, maluwa ndi kuvala lalikulu (pafupifupi zisanu masentimita awiri), utoto wowala pinki.

kapezi

zosiyanasiyana Izi m'Matchalitchi ochekenera ake zachilendo. Pa maluwa akuwombera mwachindunji wake yokutidwa ndi maluwa lalikulu kapezi.

Chinese mkazi (wosakanizidwa)

Iwo ali kufanana kwambiri ndi sakura monga zopezera njira ya kumezetsanitsa pa mwake chitumbuwa. Maluwa si wapamwamba monga mwa mitundu Terry, koma izi chitsamba chilichonse limamasula kwambiri ndipo mosalekeza.

Tanya

Makamaka kukongoletsa ndi maluwa oyambirira. Aliyense maluwa ndi lalikulu Terry corolla, chomwe 30 zopotoka pamakhala pang'ono duwa.

Kodi zovuta kukula luizeaniyu

Luizeaniya (Prunus triloba), kubzala ndi chisamaliro amene sikutanthauza luso mu kulima zomera angakhale ngati chokongoletsera ku malo dziko. Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti chitsamba chilichonse ichi amakonda ndi zimene m'gulu sakhulupilira.

ankafika

Luizeaniya Tri-kuwala zofuna, koma angamasuke ndi penumbra kuwala. Posankha malo kubzala ndi zofunika kwambiri kuteteza ku drafts ndi kuyanika mpaka mphepo. Ngakhale kuti Prunus triloba undemanding kwa nthaka, kubzala chonde, nthaka pang'ono zamchere izo ndithudi adzapindula.

Ikani pansi ankafika dzenje akuya osachepera makumi asanu masentimita ngalande wosanjikiza khumi masentimita, ndi munda nthaka humus enaake (2 mbali) ndi mchenga (1 gawo). Ngati mwaganiza chomera kuposa wina chomera, mtunda wa pakati ang'ono mitengo ayenera osachepera 50 cm kwa 1.5 mamita pakati pa kufalitsa wamtali tchire. Malipiro wapadera chidwi chakuti ofooka mfundo luizeanii ndi muzu kolala, kotero ndi kubzala mbewu, kuyesera kupanga izo pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka msinkhu.

kudya

Pachimake - ndi yaikulu mowa ndi mphamvu kwa mbewu iliyonse. Mawu oyamba yake ya masika ndi chilimwe feteleza ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa luizeanii. Woyamba feteleza organic chagwiritsidwa mu kasupe oyambirira pa chipale kusungunuka - mullein njira (1:10), humus (masamu pansi chitsamba 5-6 kg). Mwamsanga pambuyo kudula kupanga asafe munali mankhwala - ammonium nitrate, urea. malita khumi madzi kupasuka magalamu 30 a feteleza ndi zochuluka kutsanulira makungwa a mtengo.

Mu August ayenera kudyetsa chitsamba phulusa (galasi chidebe cha madzi) ndi superphosphate (20 g / m²). Izi zidzathandiza chomera kuyala masamba ndi maluwa kwa chaka chamawa.

kuthirira

Ngakhale mfundo yakuti luizeaniya ndi chilala ololera zomera, izo zofuna okwanira chinyezi, makamaka pa ndegeyo. Malinga wamaluwa akukumana nawo limodzi zinsinsi za maluwa udakali yaitali wochuluka kasupe kuthirira zitsamba - 2-3 ndowa ya madzi pa mbewu kawiri pa mlungu.

Zabwino zotsatira pa boma la zomera kuphimbira padziko chomera chitsamba ndi manyowa kapena peat.

mbali kokha

Kudziwa kudulira zinsinsi luizeanii, inu mukhoza kulenga pa malo anu ulemerero waukulu. Wamaluwa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana akumeta ubweya wa mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, kudulira lopuwala mphukira (pachaka). Bzalani kulisenza zipatso, mwachitsanzo zosiyanasiyana Chinese mkazi, amazidulira nthambi kusankha pang'ono yosungira chipatso.

mitundu wosabala wa kwakukulu kudulira zofunika mwamsanga pambuyo maluwa. Pa lililonse mphukira kumanzere gawo ndi 2-3 masamba. Mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo chifukwa sinuses awo kukula kumbuyo zanthete. njirayi lipindulitsa pa machiritso ndi rejuvenation za tchire.

Kukongoletsa akumeta ubweya walangizidwa mapangidwe ndi kukonzanso madera chitsamba kapena akorona mtengo. nthambi wakhala mfumukazi zaka zisanu, kudula kwathunthu. kudula ukhondo ayenera kuchitidwa mu kasupe oyambirira, pamaso maluwa, kuchotsa podmerzshie kapena nthambi zouma ndi nsonga.

Njira kuswana

Ambiri njira ndi angakwanitse kupeza mbande luizeanii trilobate - cuttings. Wa zanthete kumayambiriro chilimwe cuttings odulidwa ankachitira ndi kukula yang'anira iwo ndi kuika mu chimango ozizira. Njira imeneyi amapereka kuchuluka apamwamba tichotseretu ndi chomera akuzisunga makhalidwe ake onse NYEMBA.

Cultivars mitundu m'munda, monga Kiev, pafupifupi musataye fetuses yotheka. Mbewu amafuna stratification yaitali, kotero mafupa anali seeded pafupi yozizira. Opulumuka komanso chifukwa mbande akukulira ndithu kudya (mpaka 30 cm pa chaka), koma poyerekeza ndi kholo chomera ali ndi opepuka mtundu kupenta.

Luizeaniyu atatu tsamba angathe kukonzekera ndi kumezetsanitsa zinthu zamoyo pa katundu wa. Monga yomaliza mbande zoyenera apurikoti, maula, anaona yamatcheri, chitumbuwa maula, blackthorn. Ena mitundu kubereka, koma njira imeneyi kungakhale kuswana zomera ndi mitundu zochepa yowala.

N'chifukwa chiyani si pachimake luizeaniya?

zomera ndi mwachilungamo mosavuta kulekerera madigiri 30 chisanu, koma si m'thupi ndi m'firiji pamtunda yaitali. Iye ali yochepa zina zakuya (la mwezi), kotero yaitali kutentha kumabweretsa kutupa maluwa, ndiyeno yozizira koopsa awo. Ichi ndi chifukwa ambiri, limafotokoza zimene ofooka kapena ayi pachimake.